Deck 10: Religion

Question 1

Magic

A)depends on the proper conduct of rituals to please the gods.
B)is no longer practiced in any society.
C)is more associated with horticultural societies than agricultural societies.
D)is more associated with male gender roles in religion than female gender roles.
E)is most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty.

Answer 1

is most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty.

Question 2

As opposed to a shaman or shamanka, a priest or priestess tends to

A)be more formally trained.
B)live in state-level societies.
C)have their success judged in terms of their ritual knowledge.
D)occupy a hereditary position.
E)all of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

The sense of collective unity that develops out of individual diversity is called

A)communitas.
B)syncretism.
C)relativism.
D)reversal.
E)rite of passage.

Answer 3

communitas.

Question 4

The cultural materialist interpretation of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism emphasizes

A)that only a few sacrificial victims were actually eaten.
B)the major function of the system was population control.
C)strengthening the role of the elite by demonstrating their power and providing food to the people.
D)emic views of the symbolic meaning of the practices.
E)that it functioned to create a sense of communitas and shared belonging.

Question 5

The indirect expression of religious beliefs through stories about supernatural beings and forces is referred to as

A)seasonal ritual.
B)animatism.
C)myth.
D)ritual of inversion.
E)magic.

Question 6

A religion with many zoomorphic supernaturals is

A)Islam.
B)Hinduism.
C)Christianity.
D)Judaism.
E)none of the above: all world religions have only anthropomorphic supernaturals.

Question 7

A religion that traces its origin to an important male figure is

A)Buddhism.
B)Rastafarianism.
C)Christianity.
D)Islam.
E)all of the above.

Question 8

The region in which cargo cults emerged is

A)southern Africa.
B)China.
C)the Mediterranean.
D)the Northwest Coast region of Canada and the United States.
E)Melanesia.

Question 9

Expressing religious beliefs through explicit and direct statements is termed

A)art.
B)religious pluralism.
C)myths.
D)song.
E)doctrine.

Question 10

The three universal phases of life-cycle rituals, according to Victor Turner, are

A)separation, transition, and reintegration.
B)separation, ritual death, and reincarnation.
C)separation, pain, and pleasure.
D)separation, sacrifice, and recovery.
E)none of the above: the phases of such rituals vary greatly depending on cultural context.

Question 11

Among the Hopi, the link between living humans and the spiritual world is through the ritual sacrifice of

A)sheep.
B)dogs
C)foxes.
D)kachinas.
E)golden eagles.

Question 12

If someone were to collect bits of your hair and nail clippings to use in a magical ritual, this person is practicing

A)contagious magic.
B)a rite of passage.
C)imitative magic.
D)polytheism.
E)divination.

Question 13

A cultural materialist interpretation of Klamath and Modoc Indian myths supports the idea that they

A)help people deal with philosophical issues, like life and death.
B)store and transmit information for managing economic crises.
C)express core beliefs.
D)teach morality.
E)none of the above: cultural materialists do not study myths.

Question 14

A general feature of African religions is that

A)rituals involve animal sacrifices and other offerings.
B)they often include elements of Christianity and Islam.
C)they include myths about a rupture that once occurred between the creator deity and humans.
D)the are linked to healing.
E)they involve elaborate initiation rituals.

Question 15

The comparative analysis of Islam's Feast of the Sacrifice in Morocco and Sumatra shows that

A)the Moroccan ritual receives far more public fanfare.
B)Islamic ritual practices vary cross-culturally.
C)there is less specificity about which animals are to be sacrificed in Sumatra.
D)Islam is more patriarchal as practiced in Morocco.
E)all of the above.

Question 16

An example of a life-cycle ritual is

A)Thanksgiving in the U.S.
B)the annual fall harvest.
C)a rain dance during a severe drought.
D)a coming-of-age ceremony for young men or women.
E)Carnival.

Question 17

Carnival is an example of a

A)life-cycle ritual.
B)secular ritual.
C)ritual for improving crop yields.
D)universal ritual.
E)ritual of inversion.

Question 18

About __________ people live on the Hopi reservation.

A)500
B)7,000
C)25,000
D)50,000
E)1 million

Question 19

The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is

A)the way that people view the world and their place in it.
B)organized beliefs about God.
C)beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers.
D)a set of ethics (guidelines about proper group behavior).
E)a set of ideas that involve both magic plus science.

Question 20

The major items that the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China, believe to be impure are

A)pork and beef.
B)pork, beef, and alcohol.
C)pork and mutton.
D)pork and alcohol.
E)beef and alcohol.

Question 21

Fertility rituals among the Nayar of Kerala, India, reflect the importance of a woman's husband's family.

Question 22

A people's worldview always includes a religious element.

Question 23

In Isak, Sumatra, both Muslim men and women participate in sacrificing an animal, which may include water buffalo.

Question 24

Magic is most likely to be practiced by people in situations of greatest uncertainty.

Question 25

Recent statistics indicate that about one-third of the world's population is Christian.

Question 26

The city of Xi'an is located on the eastern coast of China.

Question 27

A structurist interpretation of handling poisonous snakes in religious ceremonies in "Holiness-type" churches in the United States explains this phenomenon as related to economic insecurity.

Question 28

The Klamath and Modoc Indians live in Canada.

Question 29

According to Claude Lévi-Strauss, myths help people think about contradictions in life.

Question 30

Where is Hindmarsh Island?

A)southeastern Australia
B)northeastern United States
C)Wales
D)western Canada
E)Indonesia

Question 31

Anthropologists agree that magic was an early form of religion that has disappeared in modern times.

Question 32

Sacrifice is probably the oldest form of ritual.

Question 33

Mardi Gras is best thought of as a ritual of sacrifice.

Question 34

Tylor's definition of religion was based on people's belief in spirits.

Question 35

Christian missionaries have historically found their encounters with indigenous religions to be peaceful, and converts willing and accepting.

Question 36

The two world religions that emphasize proselytizing are Christianity and Judaism.

Question 37

Tourism is an important aspect of the economy of the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China.

Question 38

The Muslim ritual of khatam quran creates a permanent sacred space.

Question 39

Compared to a myth, a religious doctrine is more likely to be unwritten.

Question 40

Religious syncretism refers to the merging of a religious belief or practice from one religion with another.

Question 41

Beliefs expressed in narrative form are called __________.

Question 42

Identify an example of religious change that cultural anthropologists have studied.

Question 43

What is a cargo cult, where did they emerge and why?

Question 44

Provide an example of a contested sacred site and identify the parties involved in the conflict.

Question 45

__________ is the term for the blending of features of more than one religion.

Question 46

An important aspect of Aztec public religious ritual was __________.

Question 47

An example of a life-cycle ritual is __________.

Question 48

Sites in the Old City of Jerusalem are sacred to which three religions?

Question 49

The Hopi Reservation is surrounded by the much larger __________ reservation.

Question 50

A religious specialist chosen primarily because of his or her ability to go into trance and communicate with the supernaturals is called a __________.

Question 51

In spite of Ngarrindjeri women's efforts to protect their land from economic development by outsiders, they lost the case and a bridge was built connecting their island to the mainland.

Question 52

An example of a revitalization movement among Indians of the U.S discussed in the textbook is __________.

Question 53

All religions that cultural anthropologists have studied have anthropomorphic deities.

Question 54

When people take on roles that are opposite to their normal roles during a ritual, they are participating in a kind of ritual termed a __________.

Question 55

The image of the Virgin of Guadalupe combines symbols from __________ and __________ religions. .

Question 56

The Hindu term for fate or destiny is __________.

Question 57

Two of the Five Pillars of Islam are __________ and __________.

Question 58

In the Wicca or Neo-Pagan religion, a key symbol is the __________.

Question 59

Rastafarianism is best described as a __________ religion.

Question 60

The youngest of the "world religions" is __________.

Question 61

Describe a ritual of inversion and give an example.

Question 62

Describe key features of three world religions in terms of beliefs, rituals, and one example of adaptation to a new local context.

Question 63

Define religious syncretism and religious pluralism and give an example of each.

Question 64

Define a ritual and then discuss the four main categories of ritual described in the textbook. Provide an example of each type of ritual.

Question 65

Discuss the context of and Hopi perspective on ritual sacrifice and how their cultural heritage conflicts with mainstream U.S. interests in protecting endangered species.

Question 66

Name the qualifications and characteristics of the priest/priestess role.

Question 67

What are some of the major issues facing the Hui Muslins of Xi'an, China today?

Question 68

Why did a group of Ngarrindjeri women seek protection for an area on Hindmarsh Island and how did the situation get resolved?

Question 69

What is an example of how a "world religion" is transformed when transferred to a new context?

Question 70

What inspired the Ghost Dance Movement and what were its characteristics?