Deck 12: Section 1 : Prejudice: Interplay of Cognitive and Affective Biases

Question 1

Which of the following emotional states is least likely to increase stereotyping?
a. Anger
b. Happiness
c. Sadness
d. Neutral no strong emotions)

Answer 1

Sadness

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an emphasis of the biocultural approach?
a. Self-interest in social settings
b. Emotional responses to threats to the ingroup's integrity
c. Individual adaptation to the benefits and threats of group life
d. None of the above

Answer 2

None of the above

Question 3

The emotional state of envy describes which of the following judgments of warmth and competence?
a. High warmth, high competence
b. Low warmth, high competence
c. High warmth, low competence
d. Low warmth, low competence

Answer 3

Low warmth, high competence

Question 4

According to the authors, which of the following explains) why pity is demeaning to those it is directed toward?
a. Pity is directed toward those of unequal status
b. Pity is directed toward those who are perceived to have no control
c. Pity is directed toward those who are perceived to be trustworthy
d. Both A and B

Question 5

Stereotypes that describe how a person or group should behave are best described by which of the following?
a. Prescriptive
b. Descriptive
c. Informational
d. Directive

Question 6

According to the Stereotype Content Model SCM), which of the following predicts warmth stereotypes?
a. Average size of the family unit
b. Perceived competition for societal resources
c. Child-like facial features
d. All of the above

Question 7

A belief in the biological basis of homosexuality is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
a. Increased acceptance of homosexuals
b. Increased discomfort with homosexuals
c. Increased hostility towards homosexuals
d. Increased estimations of the prevalence of homosexuality

Question 8

Which of the following best describes what is meant by ambivalent sexism?
a. Discrimination against women by failing to recognize their presence or ability in high-status roles; ignoring qualified, powerful women in order to deny their existence
b. Praising women who subscribe to traditional gender roles while holding hostility towards women who violate those roles
c. Stereotypes of women as high in warmth but low in competence
d. All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT endorsed by the authors as a plausible reason for socially defined race?
a. Race detection as a mandatory evolutionary response to differing social groups
b. Race detection as essentialist encoding of natural kinds
c. Race detection as a by-product of sensitivity to distinct social groups and their coalitions
d. None of the above

Question 10

If someone commits a hate crime against a member of a minority group, which of the following best describes this act?
a. Prejudice
b. Stereotyping
c. Discrimination
d. All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following groups are likely to receive the emotions of contempt and disgust?
a. Homeless people
b. Poor people
c. Drug addicts
d. All of the above

Question 12

Integrated threat theory focuses on which of the following emotions?
a. Fear
b. Surprise
c. Sadness
d. Anxiety

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the appraisal theory of emotions?
a. People's emotional reactions depend primarily on how they appraise the situational context of the stimulus
b. Emotional states are not objective, but rather are influenced by interpretations
c. People initially evaluate stimuli for whether they are good for one's self or bad for one's self, and this initial analysis determines emotional reactions
d. None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following conditions are necessary for optimal intergroup contact, according to Allport?
a. Equal status
b. Common goals
c. Authority sanction
d. All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following exerts the strongest influence on discriminatory behaviors?
a. Affective prejudices
b. Cognitive stereotypes
c. Implicit associations
d. All of the above; the effects are similar

Question 16

Based on the research described in this chapter, which of the following is likely to make White people more receptive to affirmative action?
a. Reduction of intergroup anxiety
b. Emphasis on the disadvantaged state of minorities
c. Reminders of White privilege and advantage
d. Positive portrayals of outgroup members to decrease outgroup-focused hostility

Question 17

Which of the following is most true about negative self-stereotypes of the elderly?
a. Can impair performance in a form of stereotype threat
b. Stereotypes are often formed early in life, when "the elderly" are seen as an outgroups
c. Are harder to mentally defend against due to many years of expressing prejudice
d. All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the time course of affective reactions to interracial encounters?
a. The process is slow; conscious processes like motivation to control prejudice lead to increased processing time
b. The process is slow; because interracial targets are not immediately seen as self-relevant, they are processed less immediately
c. The process is fast; reactions to cross-race others involve strong emotions, which are processed quickly
d. The process is fast; cross-race targets tend to be quickly stereotyped, and therefore seen as less complex, leading to faster processing times

Question 19

Which of the following best describe how racism can be aversive?
a. Aversive racists reject its presence in themselves
b. Aversive racism causes interracial interactions to be aversive, so they are avoided
c. Aversive racism involves a simple but virulent disdain and dislike for members of other races
d. Both A and B

Question 20

According to Integrated Threat Theory ITT), _______ is the major emotion involved in stereotyping and _______ is the simple intervention method that can be used to overcome it.
a. Anger, gratitude
b. Sadness, happiness
c. Anxiety, empathy
d. Jealousy, acceptance

Question 21

Which of the following explains gender differences as due to the fact that women have always had to invest in reproduction, whereas men require minimal biological investment?
a. Biosocial approach
b. Parental involvement models
c. Social role theory
d. Both A and B

Question 22

Sexual prejudice is unique in that it most centrally entails _____, an emotion that is directed toward both human and nonhuman objects.
a. Disgust
b. Pity
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

Question 23

Role congruity theory suggests that which of the following will occur when women take leadership roles in traditionally male domains?
a. Women will be less motivated to pursue leadership positions because they view themselves as less capable than men
b. It will be harder for women to become leaders because they will be viewed more negatively as potential leaders
c. When women are leaders, the same leader like behavior will be evaluated more negatively in a woman compared to a man
d. Both B and C

Question 24

Intergroup contact has been shown to reliably reduce prejudice across which of the following group divides?
a. Race
b. Sexual orientation
c. Mental disability
d. All of the above

Question 25

Prejudice against older adults is often shown in younger people, and research suggest that this may be due to which of the following?
a. Concern about resource availability
b. Being reminded about one's own mortality
c. Inability to effectively communicate with older adults
d. Both A and B