Deck 15: Section 1 : Behaviour and Cognition

Question 1

If you wanted to maximize the amount you were able to accomplish in a given time, which of the following would be most likely to help you do so?
a. Setting realistic goals
b. Setting overly-optimistic goals
c. Setting contingent goals that account for situational influences
d. Setting long-term goals that allow for greater flexibility

Answer 1

Setting overly-optimistic goals

Question 2

If an external force were to interrupt and disrupt the motivational phase of situation interpretation, which of the following is most likely to result?
a. Decreased sensitivity to cues that indicate when a behavior is appropriate
b. Greater deliberation before making a careful, motivated action
c. Heightened sensitivity to social influences
d. Difficulty selecting an appropriate goal for the situation

Answer 2

Difficulty selecting an appropriate goal for the situation

Question 3

To understand how people construct situations that meet personal goals, one must first divide the process into two stages, motivational and volitional. Which of the following is involved in the motivational stage?
a. Deliberative mindset
b. Implementational mindset
c. Goal-shielding
d. Both B and C

Answer 3

Deliberative mindset

Question 4

People who feel uncertain are more likely to do which of the following?
a. Characterize others in dispositional ways
b. Try to identify prototypic actions that are successful in a social situation
c. Behave in more socially-unresponsive ways
d. All of the above

Question 5

Even though you are very tired and want to go home, you need to run some errands and so intend to drive from your office to the grocery store before returning home. Instead, you find yourself pulling into the driveway of your house, wondering, "How did I get here?" This is an example of which of the following?
a. Automatic goal pursuit
b. Nonconscious cognitive deliberation
c. Goal-mediated congruency effects
d. All of the above

Question 6

Under a prevention focus, which of the following is most likely to result from successful goal attainment?
a. Feelings of calm
b. Feelings of joy
c. Feelings of disappointment
d. None of the above

Question 7

Imagine that you hold simultaneous goals of getting a good night's sleep, doing well on a particular assignment, and attending a midnight release of a new movie. Because you are an excellent student, you decide to stay home and work all night on the assignment. Which of the following would be likely to follow from a goal-shielding perspective?
a. You would show increased tenacity and goal pursuit in your efforts on the assignment, even if the assignment was not particularly important to you in general
b. Thoughts of sleep and the movies would be less accessible while you were working
c. In similar scenarios in the future, you would be less likely to choose sleeping or the movies
d. All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following best describes what is meant by social intelligence?
a. The wealth of knowledge, plans, and strategies available for someone to use in a social interaction
b. The ability to accurately understand one's social role in an interaction
c. The influence of cognitive capabilities on sensitivity to others' needs and behavior
d. The degree to which mental processing facilitates behavioral adjustment in social situations

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to lead to confirmatory hypothesis-testing?
a. How the hypothesis originated
b. Whether there are incentives for accuracy
c. Statistical probability that the hypothesis is true
d. None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is characterized by doing what is necessary to reach a goal, yielding greater calm and less agitation?
a. Promotion focus
b. Prevention focus
c. Goal focus
d. Achievement focus

Question 11

Which of the following is responsible when an activated focal goal inhibits alternative goals' accessibility?
a. Deliberative mindset
b. Implementational mindset
c. Goal-shielding
d. Both B and C

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a contrast effect in response to a particular social group?
a. For people low in prejudice, behaving in a way that is congruent with stereotypes about that group
b. For people low in prejudice, behaving in a way that is incongruent with stereotypes about that group
c. For people high in prejudice, behaving in a way that is congruent with stereotypes about that group
d. For people high in prejudice, behaving in a way that is incongruent with stereotypes about that group

Question 13

Which of the following elicits judgmental contrast by evoking social comparison, rather than eliciting assimilation, as do traits and stereotypes?
a. Prototypes
b. Deviant environmental cues
c. Exemplars
d. None of the above

Question 14

Imagine that your best friend believes you should always strive to look out for your own best interest, at any cost, but your spouse believes you should be a "team player" and prioritize your relationships with others over your own individual goals. Imagine you are in a situation where you can either help a colleague and share credit for the success, or point out your colleague's mistakes to your supervisor and potentially receive a promotion. If your best friend is present when you are making the decision - activating cognitive representations of your best friend - which of the following is likely to result?
a. You will help your colleague, in order to show your best friend that you are a valuable person to have as a friend
b. You will go to your supervisor, because your own potential gain will seem like a more important goal
c. You will neither help your colleague nor go to your supervisor, in order to avoid goal conflict
d. None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following mindsets is most likely to lead to an objective evaluation of several alternatives?
a. Goal-shielding mindset
b. Motivational mindset
c. Consistency mindset
d. Deliberative mindset

Question 16

If you have a goal to cook meals more often and find yourself more successful if you write down all the steps
a. Implementation intentions
b. Goal-intentions
c. Deliberative mindset
d. Both A and C
e.x. find recipe, buy ingredients, gather ingredients, follow recipe), which of the following is responsible for this success?

Question 17

What is the major underlying assumption for why cognitions form, according to the chapter?
a. So that people will know how to behave
b. As a byproduct of cognitive processing
c. Through reinforcement of neural networks
d. All of the above

Question 18

Of the following researchers, which individual or pair endorses the most inclusive conceptualization of "social intelligence"?
a. Allport
b. Cantor & Kihlstrom
c. Read & Miller
d. All of the above use the term in similar ways

Question 19

Which of the following tends to lead to a self-protective style of self-presentation?
a. Shyness
b. Low self-esteem
c. Anxiety
d. All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a counter to traditional research on cognitive representations?
a. Affect-induced selective recall
b. Situationally-influenced behavioral flexibility
c. Other-focused empathic influence
d. All of the above

Question 21

Focusing on the emotional component of an attitude would increase the attitude-behavior congruence if the behavior is __________.
a. Consummatory
b. Instrumental
c. Socially accepted
d. None of the above

Question 22

If your best friend tends to blend into social situations especially easily, saying or doing just the right thing with everyone encountered, he/she shows which of the following?
a. Low self-monitoring
b. Emotional intelligence
c. High self-monitoring
d. Both B and C

Question 23

If one hopes to control a negative impression, which of the following should you consider doing?
a. Proclaim failures to be due to external factors
b. Make attributes ambiguous
c. Exaggerate impediments to success
d. All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is generally a successful strategy for making a positive impression, as long as one's motive is not transparently clear or the strategy is used excessively?
a. Self-promotion
b. Ingratiation
c. Behavioral matching
d. Conforming to situational norms

Question 25

If your goal is to create a positive impression, which of the following should you NOT do?
a. Conform to norms
b. Provide multiple reasons for behavior
c. Engage in behavioral matching
d. Appreciate or flatter target

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a factor leading to the Pygmalion effect?
a. More positive feedback
b. More negative feedback
c. Marmer socioemotional climate
d. None of the above

Question 27

Focusing on the cognitive component of an attitude should increase attitude-behavior congruence if the behavior __________.
a. Consummatory
b. Instrumental
c. Socially accepted
d. None of the above

Question 28

Which of the following areas of the brain is NOT implicated for simple automatic behavior but IS implicated when behavior must be guided by intentions, goals, and other internal states?
a. Premotor cortex
b. amygdala
c. hippocampus
d. Prefrontal cortex

Question 29

Which of the following best demonstrate confirmatory hypothesis testing?
a. Especially salient hypotheses presented to participants
b. Questions presented that pre-suppose the to-be-tested hypothesis
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

Question 30

Which of the following types of attitudes are most likely to influence behavior?
a. Embedded attitudes
b. Accessible attitudes
c. Important attitudes
d. All of the above