Deck 14: Section 1 : From Affect to Social Cognition

Question 1

It is the night before your dissertation defense, and you want your advisor to judge your presentation favorably. In order to increase your advisor's propensity to like your presentation, which of the following is most likely to be true?
a. You want your advisor to be in a state of high arousal
b. You want your advisor to be in a cheerful mood
c. You want your advisor to be in a mood congruent to your own
d. All of the above

Answer 1

You want your advisor to be in a cheerful mood

Question 2

Imagine that you are mediating a bitter dispute between two people. According to the research cited in the chapter, which of the following emotions might you want to encourage in order to facilitate a more cooperative negotiation?
a. Serenity
b. Cheerfulness
c. Depression
d. Relief

Answer 2

Cheerfulness

Question 3

Which of the following explanations for the effects of bad moods on helping suggests that unhappy people help others only when it could dispel their negative mood?
a. Focus-of-attention explanation
b. Negative state-relief hypothesis
c. Objective-self-awareness view
d. None of the above

Answer 3

Negative state-relief hypothesis

Question 4

You end up watching a particular political candidate speak while you are eating an especially delicious ice cream sundae. At the end of the talk and your dessert) you note that you are feeling very good, and you make a quick judgment concluding that you must really like that particular candidate. Which of the following is a likely influence on this phenomenon?
a. Temporal affective model
b. Mood congruence effects
c. Mood-as-information perspective
d. Indirect affective access

Question 5

Which of the following best describes what is meant by "the Pollyanna effect"?
a. People who maintain cheerful, optimistic demeanors are rated more favorably
b. Memory and judgment are biased towards positive material
c. Individuals who behave more positively tend to elevate the mood of those around them
d. Dispositional optimism is linked with better health outcomes

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anger and fear?
a. They have very similar effects on behavior
b. They have opposite effects on behavior
c. Fear encourages an avoidance orientation, whereas anger facilitates more approach-related behaviors
d. Anger facilitates automatic prejudice, while fear tends to attenuate it

Question 7

According to the theory of mood state-dependent memory, if you wanted to maximize your chances of scoring well on an anxiety-provoking exam, which of the following might be helpful?
a. Remembering times when you felt relaxed, so you can better concentrate on the material at hand
b. Framing the outcome of the exam in a non-evaluative way, such as a "learning opportunity" rather than a "test"
c. Framing your mental state as dependent on your exam performance, so you have increased motivation to perform well
d. Studying the material while feeling anxious, so you will be recalling material in the same emotional state in which you reviewed it

Question 8

According to Haidt and colleagues, which of the following emotions is most linked to moral judgments?
a. Disgust
b. Anger
c. Indignation
d. Optimism

Question 9

If you find it easier to speak a foreign language while intoxicated than while sober, which of the following best explains this?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Perceptual fluency
c. Mood state-dependent memory
d. None of the above

Question 10

Imagine that your roommate comes home one day in a terrible mood. The two of you have a fairly normal discussion, but the next day, your roommate only remembers the negative parts of your conversations. Which of the following could best explain this phenomenon?
a. Mood-congruent memory
b. Velten mood shaping
c. Affective hippocampal encoding
d. Pollyanna effect

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a method used to induce mood experimentally?
a. Velten procedure
b. Hypnosis
c. Listening to mood-laden music
d. None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is most likely to lead to more careful consideration of a logical argument?
a. Happiness
b. Sadness
c. Anxiety
d. Guilt

Question 13

Which of the following types of moods have been shown to most often facilitate helping behavior?
a. Negative moods, likely because people will turn to helping behavior to make themselves feel better
b. Positive moods, likely because people want to maintain their positive mood by helping others
c. Neutral moods, likely because people are more attuned to the needs of others
d. All of the above

Question 14

According to the research noted in the chapter, which of the following is the most reliable effect?
a. Mood state-dependent memory
b. Drug-induced state-dependent memory
c. Arousal-dependent memory
d. Both B and C

Question 15

Which of the following is most likely to facilitate creative thinking and rapid decision-making?
a. Positive mood
b. Anger
c. Moral intuitions
d. Negative mood

Question 16

Which of the following best describes experimental demand, a common problem with mood-memory research?
a. When the experimenter telegraphs the study's hypothesis to the participant
b. When the experimental task is too demanding, causing participants to become frustrated and give up
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best promotes the idea that affect informs quick judgments under heuristic processing?
a. Heuristic automatic) perspective
b. Affect-as-information perspective
c. Affect infusion model
d. All of the above

Question 18

Based on the research in this chapter, which of the following is most true about perceptual fluency?
a. Information that is easy to process is more likely to seem familiar, even if it is novel
b. Perceptual fluency increases the degree to which perceivers will make snap judgments
c. Information that is easily perceived tends to be judged more negatively
d. All of the above

Question 19

Helping when in a good mood is NOT enhanced by which of the following?
a. Focus of attention on oneself
b. Requests emphasizing the rewards of helping
c. The opportunity to maintain one's positive mood
d. Focus of attention on others' needs

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a relationship between depressed mood and memory?
a. Negative mood-congruent memory
b. Retrieval bias in recalling negative events
c. Memory effects likely only occur when people are focusing on how the material applies to themselves
d. All of the above

Question 21

Research specifying the neuroscience of emotion in decision making has found which of the following brain areas to be implicated in choices?
a. Amygdala
b. Medial Prefrontal Cortex
c. Insula
d. All of the above

Question 22

Positive affect is more likely to motivate which of the following?
a. Careful processing of options in the decision-making process
b. Effort on positive and active behavioral goals
c. Compliance with persuasive communications
d. Both B and C

Question 23

In examining the effect of emotions on judgment, research shows that _____ people are pessimistic and see increased risks, and _____ instills a prevention and avoidance orientation.
a. fearful, fear
b. angry, fear
c. angry, anger
d. fearful, anger

Question 24

The dichotic listening task is used experimentally to support which of the following?
a. Mere exposure effect
b. Perceptual fluency
c. Affect infusion model
d. Both A and B

Question 25

Which of the following increases mere exposure effects, but only if the person does not attribute ease of processing to prior effects?
a. Positive mood
b. Hypnosis
c. Perceptual fluency
d. All of the above

Question 26

The effects of mood are most reliable in _______.
a. Children
b. Adults
c. The morning
d. The evening

Question 27

Which of the following meanings of cognition is closest to that discussed by Lazarus in defining appraisal?
a. Cognition as intellective knowledge acquisition
b. Cognition as active decision-making
c. Cognition as any mental activity
d. None of the above

Question 28

Research shows that for people high in _______, disgust leads to more severe moral judgments.
a. Intuition
b. Private body consciousness PBC)
c. Offline cognition
d. Experimental demand

Question 29

Which of the following tasks has the experimenter present tones in one ear but focuses participants' attention on a literary passage in the other ear?
a. Velten procedure
b. Dichotic listening task
c. Bi-attentional auditory task
d. None of the above

Question 30

Trying to establish the independence of affect and cognition is an attempt to establish which of the following?
a. The null hypothesis
b. The alternative hypothesis
c. The research hypothesis
d. Both B and C