Deck 3: Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, and Fascism

Question 1

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels believed that ________.

A) business and labour should try to reach compromises for the good of society
B) a coercive state will always be necessary to maintain order in society
C) human beings are basically self-interested and competitive in nature
D) the working class would eventually overthrow the capitalist system

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What contemporary version of conservatism is associated with the promotion of free-market capitalism and limited government?

A) Reactionaries
B) Social conservatism
C) New Right
D) Traditional conservatism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ led the Bolshevik (communist) party in overthrowing the provisional government of Russia.

A) Karl Marx
B) Joseph Stalin
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Friedrich Engels

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Anarchists generally prefer ____________ .

A) Direct Action
B) Indirect Action
C) Social Revolution
D) Elections

Question 5

The idea that people should be subject to known, predictable, and impartial rules of conduct is known as __________.

A) the rule of law
B) the rule of thumb
C) ideology
D) conservatism

Question 6

The ideal of a world based on voluntary cooperation among a network of local communities is characteristic of which of the following perspectives?

A) reform liberalism
B) socialist anarchism
C) conservatism
D) democratic socialism

Question 7

Which of the following is not a key aspect of Fascism?

A) people motivated by emotion
B) radical changes are undesirable
C) subordinate individual to the state
D) people motivated by heroic virtues

Question 8

Which political perspective is most closely linked with the following statements: "Taxes should be substantially reduced to encourage entrepreneurship and investment."
"Removal of barriers to trade and investment will maximize efficiency."

A) Neo-liberalism
B) Communism
C) Socialism
D) Fascism

Question 9

What ideology favours public ownership of some key industries, encourages for co-operative enterprises, and requires that workers have a voice in the businesses that employ them?

A) New Right
B) Anarchism
C) Democratic socialism
D) Leninism

Question 10

Which one of the following perspectives advocated the adoption of a laissez-faire system?

A) conservatism
B) socialism
C) communism
D) classical liberalism

Question 11

According to the text, the political ________is associated with the pursuit of greater social and economic equality.

A) top
B) bottom
C) left
D) right

Question 12

Margaret Thatcher was a prominent member of a movement known as the 'New Right'. A member of this group is likely to value __________.

A) individual freedom and social equality to the same degree (equally)
B) individual freedom more than social equality
C) individual freedom less than social equality
D) neither individual freedom nor social equality

Question 13

According to Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, in a communist society ________.

A) everyone would be free to take from society what they needed
B) a strong, coercive state would be needed
C) selfishness and competitiveness would prevail
D) society would be organized along class lines

Question 14

________ is usually viewed as being on the left of the left-right spectrum.

A) Classical liberalism
B) Communism
C) Radicalism
D) Fascism

Question 15

In the perspective of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, historical development can best be understood in terms of the ________.

A) gradual progress of humanity
B) way society is organized to produce material goods
C) struggle between authority and liberty
D) moral decline of society

Question 16

Democratic socialism has been closely associated with the labour movement and with political parties such as the Canadian ________.

A) Representation Party
B) New Democratic Party
C) Bolshevik Party
D) Communist Party

Question 17

The Enlightenment included the idea that ________.

A) human reason could be used to make the world better
B) religious beliefs were important in understanding the world
C) traditional authority needed to be reinforced
D) progress was an unrealistic dream for humanity

Question 18

Conservative thinkers like Edmund Burke argued that ________.

A) governing decisions should be based on abstract principles derived from reason
B) political power should be in the hands of the people
C) legislators should act according to the opinions of those they represent
D) society should respect the wisdom of traditional customs and practices

Question 19

In the text, 'ideology' is defined as a package of interrelated ideas that _______.

A) shape the study of political science
B) inspire and affect political action
C) form a collective group
D) result in authoritarian regimes

Question 20

The ideas of social Darwinism are most closely associated with which of the following perspectives?

A) reform liberalism
B) communism
C) democratic socialism
D) fascism

Question 21

Reactionaries advocate social liberalism and social change.

Question 22

Why is ideology often viewed negatively?

Question 23

In the United States, groups like the Aryan Nation promote ___________ .

A) idealism
B) racism
C) egalitarian values
D) socialism
Difficult: moderate

Question 24

Marxism views the world in terms of class conflict.

Question 25

Marx and Engels believed that in a communist society, the need for a coercive state would diminish or disappear.

Question 26

What is the Rule of Law?

Question 27

The Holocaust should be viewed as a single, isolated event.

Question 28

Political parties sometimes modify or ignore the ideological principles upon which they are based.

Question 29

Define anarchism and describe some of its concerns.

Question 30

What is a 'laissez-faire' economic system?

Question 31

In which country did a neo-fascist party (the Jobbik Party) win 16.7 percent of the vote in 2010 parliamentary elections?

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) Hungary
D) Russia

Question 32

Fascism follows the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Question 33

Fascism is depicted as a reactionary ideology.

Question 34

Fascism can be described as a radical ________ ideology.

A) left wing
B) right wing
C) center
D) none of the above

Question 35

English social theorist Herbert Spencer developed social conservatism.
a. True

Question 36

Contemporary conservative governments in the United States and Canada have tended to support the development of the welfare state.

Question 37

In the liberal view, religion is a private matter based on the conscience of the individual. According to this, what should government strive to avoid doing?

Question 38

Who adopted the concept of the corporate state?

A) Benito Mussolini
B) Adolf Hitler
C) Adam Smith
D) John Stuart Mill

Question 39

Which of the countries below had semi-fascist regimes?

A) Spain
B) USA
C) Hungary
D) India

Question 40

Fascists believe that inequality is natural.

Question 41

Describe the differences and similarities between traditional conservatism and the New Right.

Question 42

Discuss how fascist ideology is a rejection of Enlightenment thought.

Question 43

How does reform liberalism differ from classical liberalism?