Deck 18: Policies and Prospects for Global Economic Growth

Question 1

What is the annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP if real GDP grows at a constant rate of 5 percent per year and the annual rate of population growth is 2 percent?

A) 7 percent
B) 3 percent
C) 5 percent
D) -1 percent

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Suppose a nation's rate of growth of per capita real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4 percent and its rate of growth in real GDP is 5 percent. Given this information, the nation's population growth rate is approximately equal to

A) 1 percent.
B) -1 percent.
C) 9 percent.
D) None of the above: Cannot be determined with the information.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In nondemocratic countries that have experienced consistent economic growth and improvements in their standards of living

A) there is no tendency to become more democratic over time because the current political situation is economically successful.
B) political freedom is apt to decrease over time as governments become more controlling.
C) the rise of special-interest groups usually promotes competition and growth.
D) there is a tendency to become democratic over time.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If the level of aggregate real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remains constant, a reduction in the population

A) directly increases per capita real GDP.
B) directly reduces per capita real GDP.
C) indirectly reduces per capita real GDP.
D) has no effect on real per capita real GDP.

Question 5

In the determination of economic growth, political freedom

A) is more important than economic freedom.
B) appears to be less important than economic freedom.
C) is inversely related to economic freedom.
D) is equally as important as economic freedom.

Question 6

If real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grows at a constant annual rate of 5 percent and the annual population growth rate increases from 2 percent to 3 percent, the annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain unchanged.
D) increase or decrease depending.

Question 7

The term "economic freedom" means

A) the right to own private property.
B) the right to trade goods and services.
C) the right to own financial assets.
D) all the above.

Question 8

According to the text, population growth in many poor countries does NOT generally result in increased labor resources because

A) many people do not join the labor force.
B) most people are not productive in their work.
C) many people work two jobs.
D) most jobs are for middle-age workers.

Question 9

The rate of growth in real GDP minus the rate of growth of the population is the

A) rate of growth of nominal GDP.
B) unemployment rate.
C) employment growth rate.
D) rate of growth of per capita real GDP.

Question 10

Political freedom can sometimes moderately reduce economic growth because

A) special interest groups may gain at the expense of the overall economy.
B) campaign contributions lead to reductions in investment.
C) most jobs are in unions that are politically connected.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

Over the past decade, a nation's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew at a constant rate of 10 percent per year while its population grew 8 percent annually. Forecasters predict that during the coming decade, real GDP will continue to grow 10 percent annually, but the population growth rate is expected to drop to 7 percent annually. If the forecasters are correct, which of the following will be TRUE?

A) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will decline from 3 percent to 2 percent.
B) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will decline from 2 percent to 1 percent.
C) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will increase from 2 percent to 3 percent.
D) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will increase from 2 percent to 7 percent.

Question 12

Suppose a country has experienced relatively steady growth of aggregate real GDP. A higher population growth tends to

A) reduce the growth of per capita real GDP.
B) increase the growth of per capita real GDP.
C) increase the level of economic freedom.
D) increase the level of dead capital.

Question 13

What is the annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP if real GDP grows at a constant rate of 3 percent per year and the annual rate of population growth is 3 percent?

A) 0 percent
B) 3 percent
C) -6 percent
D) 6 percent

Question 14

With respect to economic freedom, which of the following is TRUE?

A) Three out of four people live in nations with governments that grant residents high degrees of economic freedom.
B) Where governments do not grant residents a high degree of economic freedom, economic growth rates tend to be above the annual average for the world's nations.
C) About three dozen nations with governments unwilling to grant much in the way of economic freedom are home to two-thirds of the world's population. Even so, these countries produce over 50 percent of the world's output.
D) As economic freedom increases, so does a nation's prospects for economic growth.

Question 15

According to the text, the 17 countries with high degrees of economic freedom

A) account for 80 percent of total world output.
B) account for less than 20 percent of total world output.
C) have the weakest economies.
D) have low productivity.

Question 16

Suppose that the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate for a country was 3 percent and the population growth rate was 3 percent. What would the per capital real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate be for this country?

A) 6 percent
B) -6 percent
C) 0 percent
D) None of the above

Question 17

Suppose that the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate for a country was 5 percent and the population growth rate was 3 percent. What would the per capital real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate be for this country?

A) -8 percent
B) -2 percent
C) 2 percent
D) 8 percent

Question 18

Country X has experienced GDP growth of 2 percent and a population growth of 3 percent. What is this country's growth of per capita real GDP?

A) -1 percent
B) 1 percent
C) 5 percent
D) -5 percent

Question 19

If population growth occurs while labor force participation does NOT increase,

A) there may be no increase in labor resources or economic growth.
B) a nation's labor resources will still continue to increase in both quality and quantity.
C) economic growth will still continue because any population gain is a plus.
D) per capita GDP is likely to increase sharply.

Question 20

Suppose a nation's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grows at a rate of 4 percent per year while its population grows 4 percent annually. Given this information, this nation's annual rate of per capita real GDP growth is equal to

A) 0 percent.
B) 1 percent.
C) 8 percent.
D) -4 percent.

Question 21

The right to openly support and democratically select national leaders is

A) capital freedom.
B) population freedom.
C) economic freedom.
D) political freedom.

Question 22

Which of the following equations is correct?

A) rate of growth of per capita real GDP = rate of growth in real GDP - rate of growth of population
B) rate of growth of per capita real GDP = rate of growth in real GDP + rate of growth of population
C) rate of growth in real GDP = rate of growth of per capita real GDP - rate of growth of population
D) rate of growth in real GDP = rate of growth of per capita real GDP + rate of growth of population

Question 23

Economic growth is measured by

A) the annual percentage change in nominal GDP.
B) the annual percentage change in the unemployment rate.
C) the annual percentage change in per capita nominal GDP.
D) the annual percentage change in per capita real GDP.

Question 24

If the average annual growth rate in real GDP for a nation during the last decade was 4 percent per year and the average annual population growth rate was 2 percent per year during the same period, then the average annual growth rate of per capita GDP was

A) 2 percent.
B) -2 percent.
C) 6 percent.
D) 0 percent.

Question 25

A higher population growth rate can potentially lead to a higher rate of growth in per capita real GDP if

A) it leads to an increase in the amount of dead capital.
B) it leads to greater democracy in a nation.
C) young workers replace older workers.
D) there is a greater labor force participation rate.

Question 26

According to the text, a country with a considerable amount of economic freedom will experience

A) positive rates of per capita income growth.
B) negative rates of per capita income growth.
C) low levels of political freedom.
D) dead capital.

Question 27

Economic freedom by its nature suggests

A) minimal government intervention in free markets.
B) zero government.
C) a lack of laws and regulations.
D) economic anarchy.

Question 28

Which statement is TRUE about a comparison of economic freedom with political freedom?

A) Economic freedom cannot exist without political freedom.
B) Economic freedom leads to positive economic growth while political freedom leads to negative economic growth.
C) Political freedom is more important than economic freedom when considering positive economic growth.
D) Economic freedom is more important than political freedom when considering positive economic growth.

Question 29

The rights to own private property and to exchange goods with minimal government interference is

A) capital freedom.
B) population freedom.
C) economic freedom.
D) political freedom.

Question 30

Assume that in the economy real GDP grows at a constant rate. There has just been a decrease in the rate of growth of the population. This implies that the

A) rate of growth of per capita real GDP will decrease.
B) rate of growth of per capita real GDP will increase.
C) rate of growth of capital accumulation will decrease.
D) rate of growth of capital accumulation will increase.

Question 31

The percentage change in per capita real GDP measures economic growth because it takes into account all of the following variables EXCEPT

A) the percentage change in population.
B) the percentage change in the inflation rates.
C) the percentage change in nominal GDP.
D) the percentage change in the quality of life.

Question 32

What will happen to the annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP if real GDP grows at a constant rate of 4 percent and the annual rate of population growth goes from 3 percent to 3.5 percent?

A) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will increase from 7 percent to 7.5 percent.
B) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will increase from -1 percent to -0.5 percent.
C) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will remain unchanged.
D) The annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP will decrease from 1 percent to 0.5 percent.

Question 33

A major contributor to a country's real rate of economic growth is its real GDP growth relative to its

A) inflation.
B) population size.
C) money growth.
D) none of the above.

Question 34

Political freedom seems to be ________ important to growth than economic freedom.

A) less
B) more
C) equally
D) critically

Question 35

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between high birthrates and real GDP growth?

A) High birthrates in countries with little economic freedom will lead to higher labor force participation rates that in turn lead to higher growth of real GDP.
B) High birthrates reduce per capita incomes, and a lack of economic freedom inhibits real GDP growth.
C) There is no relationship between birthrates and real GDP growth.
D) The influence that birthrates have on real GDP growth is the same in countries whether or not economic freedom exits.

Question 36

Which of the following best represents economic growth?

A) an increase in nominal GDP
B) an increase in real GDP
C) an increase in the per capita nominal GDP
D) an increase in the per capita real GDP

Question 37

What will happen to the annual rate of growth of per capita real GDP if the annual rate of population growth increases and the annual rate of growth of real GDP goes down?

A) It will increase since an increase in population means an increase in labor that translates into an increase in real GDP.
B) It will increase since the annual rate of growth of real GDP does not influence the growth rate of per capita real GDP.
C) It will decrease since an increase in the growth rate of population and a decrease in the growth rate of real GDP both work to decrease the growth of per capita real GDP.
D) The effect will depend upon whether the rate of population growth is greater than or less than the rate of growth of real GDP.

Question 38

Population growth is more likely to contribute to economic growth when

A) economic freedom is present.
B) capital accumulation is limited.
C) technological progress is limited.
D) the labor force participation rate does not increase.

Question 39

Economic freedom is

A) important in leading to positive economic growth.
B) not an important factor in leading to positive economic growth.
C) a confusing concept since the more economic freedom residents in a country have the lower the level of economic growth.
D) a concept in theory since no country has pure economic freedom and therefore cannot be analyzed with respect to economic growth.

Question 40

Economic freedom is

A) the right to vote in an election for a political leader.
B) the right to own private property and to exchange goods with minimal government interference.
C) the amount of control that the government has in a market.
D) present as long as private individuals own businesses.

Question 41

The right to openly support and to elect leaders in a democratic way is known as

A) political freedom.
B) economic freedom.
C) constitutional freedom.
D) external freedom.

Question 42

Laws that make it difficult to start a new business lead to a

A) high rate of economic growth.
B) low rate of economic growth.
C) more political freedom.
D) laissez-faire.

Question 43

Dead capital refers to

A) a capital resource that lacks clear title ownership.
B) a capital resource whose owner is deceased.
C) a capital resource jointly owned by more than one person.
D) a capital resource that has no more useful life.

Question 44

If a country has a 4 percent annual growth in real GDP and a one percent growth in population, its per capita growth of real GDP is

A) five percent.
B) four percent.
C) three percent.
D) 1/4 = 0.25 percent.

Question 45

Explain the role of economic freedom in economic development.

Question 46

The per capita real GDP is the

A) rate of growth in real GDP plus the population growth rate.
B) real GDP divided by the population.
C) rate of growth in real GDP times the population growth rate.
D) rate of growth in real GDP minus the population growth rate.

Question 47

In general, a country that adheres to the rule of law has

A) a higher level of real GDP per capita.
B) a lower level of real GDP per capita.
C) no relationship to the level of real GDP per capita.
D) an inverse relationship to the level of real GDP per capita.

Question 48

Developing countries are damaged by dead capital because

A) it replaces too many workers, creating unemployment.
B) resulting inefficiencies greatly reduce the rate of return on capital investment.
C) it must be sold as scrap.
D) it reduces too much household saving.

Question 49

According to the text, is there any relationship between bureaucratic inefficiency and economic growth?

A) Yes, bureaucratic inefficiency and economic growth are positively related.
B) Yes, but only in the most economically developed nations.
C) Yes, bureaucratic inefficiency and economic growth are inversely related.
D) No. Some nations' economies grow rapidly despite their inefficient governments while others collapse with inefficient governments.

Question 50

Which of the following is the term used to describe the expansion of a country's per capita real GDP?

A) economic growth
B) technological change
C) change in the labor force
D) change in factor incomes

Question 51

A reduction in the rate of population growth

A) always causes an increase in economic growth.
B) never causes an increase in economic growth.
C) may or may not cause an increase in economic growth.
D) will cause a reduction in economic growth if accompanied by an increase in the rate of growth of real GDP.

Question 52

An increase in population growth in a country

A) always causes an increase in labor resources.
B) may not necessarily cause an increase in per capita real GDP.
C) may not cause an increase in labor resources in rich countries because employers will cut down on the number of hours required of workers.
D) will always cause an increase in per capita real GDP.

Question 53

The right to private property and ability to exchange goods and services freely is known as

A) political freedom.
B) economic freedom.
C) constitutional freedom.
D) external freedom.

Question 54

There is a(n) ________ relationship between a nation's rate of growth in real GDP per capita and bureaucratic inefficiency.

A) direct
B) inverse
C) proportional
D) undefined

Question 55

Dead capital is

A) machinery that fails to operate properly.
B) machinery that requires constant maintenance.
C) a capital resource that lacks clear title of ownership.
D) a capital resource that depreciates rapidly.

Question 56

Which of the following represents dead capital?

A) capital that wears out rapidly
B) capital that has become obsolete
C) capital that lacks clear title of ownership
D) none of the above

Question 57

Which of the following is a barrier to economic growth in many developing nations?

A) the shortage of labor
B) the lack of natural resources
C) the lack of economic freedom
D) the low level of restrictions in the labor market

Question 58

The general set of rights to own private property and exchange goods, services, and financial assets with minimal government interference is defined as

A) capitalism.
B) market socialism.
C) economic freedom.
D) economic privilege.

Question 59

Which of the following has contributed to developing countries' poor economic performance?

A) low population growth
B) corruption
C) a high saving rate
D) foreign direct investment

Question 60

The significance of dead capital is that

A) it is difficult to allocate to its most efficient use.
B) its fixed cost is too high.
C) it costs too much to acquire.
D) it replaces too many workers.

Question 61

Any capital resource that lacks clear title ownership is

A) public capital.
B) dead capital.
C) social capital.
D) human capital.

Question 62

Dead capital is most likely to exist when

A) there are restrictions on imports.
B) there are restrictions on exports.
C) property rights are well-defined.
D) residents of a country face barriers to establishing legal ownership of resources.

Question 63

One of the most significant barriers to economic growth in the world's poorest nations is

A) environmental issues.
B) political freedom.
C) dead capital.
D) foreign government interference.

Question 64

The relationship of dead capital to inefficient production is

A) without clear ownership it is not possible to sell or transfer a resource so that it can be used efficiently.
B) that outdated equipment will lead to inefficient production.
C) nonexistent since the capital is already dead.
D) that when the dead capital is replaced by more technologically advanced capital, economic growth occurs.

Question 65

The following are impediments to economic growth EXCEPT

A) dead capital.
B) human capital development.
C) lack of economic freedom.
D) bureaucratic inefficiency.

Question 66

A nation's economic growth is more rapid when

A) the government owns all capital resources in a nation.
B) capital resources are devoted to their most efficient use.
C) there are barriers to establishing legal ownership of capital resources.
D) scarce resources are made available for all citizens free of charge.

Question 67

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Dead capital is most frequently found in countries with well-defined property rights.
B) Dead capital is most frequently found in the most prosperous countries.
C) It is easy for dead capital resources to be allocated to their best possible use.
D) It is difficult for dead capital resources to be insured or traded.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT true about dead capital?

A) Dead capital can lead to a situation where resources are not efficiently employed.
B) Dead capital can inhibit economic growth.
C) Companies will be less likely to want to invest when a country has a lot of dead capital.
D) Dead capital will lead to higher investment returns.

Question 69

When there is a building that is used for production, but no one has clear property rights to it

A) resources are guided to their best use by "the invisible hand."
B) this is known as "dead capital" and causes efficient production.
C) this is known as "dead capital" and causes no production.
D) this is known as "dead capital" and causes inefficient production.

Question 70

When government inefficiencies exist

A) a country tends to grow at a slower rate.
B) a country tends to grow at a faster rate.
C) economic growth is not affected.
D) economic growth is higher if the relative size of government in the economy is larger.

Question 71

The role that dead capital plays in a country's economic growth is that

A) growth increases because the dead capital is replaced with more technologically efficient capital.
B) growth increases since the firms using the dead capital are using it for free.
C) growth neither increases nor is impaired by dead capital.
D) growth is impaired since the capital cannot be allocated to its most efficient use.

Question 72

All of the following are major factors limiting economic growth in developing countries EXCEPT

A) dead capital.
B) deregulation.
C) inefficient government regulation.
D) corruption.

Question 73

Dead capital is

A) a capital resource that lacks a clear title of ownership.
B) a capital resource that is obsolete.
C) a capital resource that is used to produce non-competitive products.
D) a capital resource associated with the defense industry.

Question 74

Countries with the highest degrees of governmental bureaucratic inefficiency index

A) typically are nations with the highest real GDP per capita.
B) typically are nations with the lowest real GDP per capita.
C) normally have the lowest measured levels of dead capital.
D) normally have the highest measured levels of economic freedom.

Question 75

Dead capital is

A) unlikely to have any productive use.
B) unlikely to be applied to its most efficient use.
C) useful only if employed in a labor-intensive production process.
D) useful only if employed in a capital-intensive production process.

Question 76

Extensive government restrictions on the use of capital are likely to

A) create dead capital.
B) enhance economic growth.
C) enhance economic freedom.
D) result in capital resources being devoted to their most efficient uses.

Question 77

When a country has a large amount of dead capital

A) there is too much political freedom.
B) there is a large amount of economic growth.
C) large amounts of capital will be inefficiently employed.
D) a country's exports increase.

Question 78

The problem of dead capital can be eliminated by

A) returning all privately owned capital to the government.
B) increasing the labor force participation rate.
C) making it easier for people to establish legal ownership of productive capital.
D) restricting population growth.

Question 79

When government inefficiencies exist and government officials can be bribed, then

A) dead capital will not exist.
B) the country will have positive economic growth.
C) a bribe will increase the cost of investing in capital.
D) property rights will be more secure since an official has been bribed to grant ownership to the business.

Question 80

The inefficiencies associated with dead capital

A) lead to increased consumption.
B) reduce the rate of return on investment.
C) increase the amount of investment as businesses look for more technologically advanced capital.
D) lead to more economic freedom as firms try to get rid of the inefficient capital.