Deck 14: A2: Social Influences

Question 1

Children of authoritarian parents are often unhappy and frequently are overly aggressive.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Punishment works best when it is administered hours after an undesired behaviour occurs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Children often have low self-esteem when parents are authoritarian.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Authoritarian parents explain rules and encourage discussion.

Question 5

As children grow older, their parents control them more.

Question 6

Many of the effects of divorce are really caused by marital conflict before the divorce.

Question 7

Children often adjust better to parental divorce if they live with the opposite-sex parent.

Question 8

In the 1990s, the negative consequences of divorce increased.

Question 9

Children whose parents use direct instruction and coaching tend to be more socially skilled and to have better relationships with their peers.

Question 10

Parents with lower socioeconomic status tend to be more controlling and more punitive, characteristics associated with the authoritarian style of parenting.

Question 11

When parents have reasonable expectations for their children and monitor their activity, their children tend to be better adjusted.

Question 12

Beginning in the second year after a divorce, most children start adjusting to their new circumstances.

Question 13

If parents solve their conflicts constructively, conflict can actually be positive for children, because it shows that their family is cohesive and able to withstand life's problems.

Question 14

According to the systems view of families, parents influence their children, but children do not influence their families.

Question 15

Time-out is punishing because it interrupts the child's ongoing activity.

Question 16

Children often learn what NOT to do by witnessing someone else being punished for that behaviour.

Question 17

Parents in China are less likely to emphasize parental control and are more likely to express affection than are parents in the United States.

Question 18

After time-out, parents should explain to the child why he/she was punished and what he/she should have done instead.

Question 19

Children of authoritative parents are often impulsive and have little self-control.

Question 20

About 70,000 Canadian marriages end in divorce each year.

Question 21

Parents have more realistic expectations and are more relaxed in their discipline with laterborn children.

Question 22

Only children have lower levels of intelligence and are more immature than children with siblings.

Question 23

Older siblings are a source of care and comfort for younger siblings when they are distressed or upset.

Question 24

When siblings fight, parents should not interfere and should let them work things out on their own.

Question 25

When siblings are born, fathers become less involved with older children.

Question 26

Preadolescent boys tend to adjust better to their mother's remarriage than do preadolescent girls.

Question 27

Sibling relationships are more harmonious between siblings of the opposite sex than between siblings of the same sex.

Question 28

Countries that accept physical punishment have lower rates of child abuse.

Question 29

Grandparents are more involved when they live near their grandchildren and when they have a few, rather than many, grandchildren.

Question 30

Influential and supportive roles are more frequently taken by maternal grandparents than paternal grandparents.

Question 31

Children raised by gay and lesbian parents are very different from children raised by heterosexual parents.

Question 32

Firstborns are more popular with their peers and are more innovative than laterborns.

Question 33

Adopted children who are adopted at an older age or who experienced poor care before adoption are more likely to have conduct disorders than other children.

Question 34

Influential grandparents are similar to supportive grandparents, but they do not take on parental roles.

Question 35

Parents who maltreat their children often have unrealistically high expectations for their children.

Question 36

Aboriginal Canadian children whose grandmothers live with them are better off than those who live in single-parent families without grandparent involvement.

Question 37

Children may revert to more childish behaviour when a younger sibling is born.

Question 38

Laterborns are more likely to go to university and have higher scores on intelligence tests than firstborns.

Question 39

Sibling relationships improve as the younger sibling reaches adolescence.

Question 40

Supportive grandparents are very close to their grandchildren, are very involved in their lives, and frequently perform parental roles, including discipline.

Question 41

Maltreatment and abuse can be cut in half when families participate for two or more years in intervention programs that include preschool education and family support.

Question 42

Stepchildren are more prone to abuse and neglect than biological children.