Deck 8: Europe in the Early Middle Ages 600-1000

Question 1

What role did the clan play in Arabic society?

A)The clan was an organization of nomadic herders that managed the grazing lands and resolved disputes over water rights.
B)The clan was a merchant guild that resolved commercial disputes and determined which goods would be sent by which caravan expeditions.
C)The clan was a social unit defined by a village and its agricultural hinterland that determined the use of resources in the region.
D)The clan was the basic social unit defined by blood relations through the male line that expected loyalty from its members and, in return, provided protection and support.

Answer 1

The clan was the basic social unit defined by blood relations through the male line that expected loyalty from its members and, in return, provided protection and support.

Question 2

What was the main purpose of the Carolingian Renaissance?

A)To promote an understanding of Scriptures and of Christian writers
B)To revive interest in classical knowledge
C)To rebuild the Roman Empire
D)To convert the Vikings and the Magyars to Christianity

Answer 2

To promote an understanding of Scriptures and of Christian writers

Question 3

Who had the authority to enforce shari'a, or Islamic law?

A)Islamic clerics
B)Islamic caliph
C)Islamic scholars
D)Islamic warriors

Answer 3

Islamic caliph

Question 4

What happened to long-distance trade in the Carolingian era?

A)It came to a halt.
B)It was stimulated by Chinese interest in European pottery and glass.
C)It increased tenfold.
D)It was stimulated by Arab interest in European slaves.

Question 5

What was the purpose of the capitularies that Clovis and his descendants issued?

A)These property deeds were meant to resolve confusion about the boundaries between church and noble lands.
B)These grants of privilege were designed to protect members of the nobility from having to pay more taxes in exchange for providing armed troops.
C)These decrees establishing noble orders were designed to encourage competition among the nobility to achieve royal favor.
D)These administrative and legislative orders were designed to maintain order in society by protecting property ownership and punishing criminal activity.

Question 6

Why did some Europeans object to the sale of Europeans to Arabs?

A)They objected to slavery in general.
B)Christianity condemned slavery.
C)They believed that slavery would ruin the economy.
D)They objected to Christians being sold to non-Christians.

Question 7

Why did the religion of Muhammad attract a great number of believers?

A)Islamic clerics required all to convert to Islam or be killed.
B)Its doctrine contained only a few central tenants that were straightforward in nature.
C)Muhammad's power as a clan leader convinced many to embrace the new faith.
D)There was no competing religion in Arabia, and Islamic clerics could define the new faith without having to discredit an older faith.

Question 8

What does the life of Queen Brunhilda demonstrate?

A)Merovingian society narrowed women's roles to the household according to Christian doctrine.
B)Merovingian politics provided women in royal households with new opportunities for active political roles.
C)Merovingian society recognized women as independent figures, able to serve a productive role as ruling monarchs.
D)Merovingian politics was influenced by the Roman tradition in which female power was associated with civilization and stability.

Question 9

Where are the sayings and acts of Muhammad not contained in the Qur'an collected?

A)The ulama
B)The hijra
C)The jihad
D)The hadith

Question 10

What was the fundamental basis of Charlemagne's political power?

A)His alliance with the papacy
B)The efficiency of his bureaucracy
C)His elimination of petty violence
D)The cooperation of the Frankish aristocracy

Question 11

In Muhammad's time, the Bedouins were

A)nomads.
B)settled agriculturists.
C)urban dwellers.
D)Christians.

Question 12

The Carolingian Renaissance drew inspiration from the

A)intellectual achievements of the Islamic world.
B)preservation work of the Byzantine Empire.
C)intellectual developments in Northumbria.
D)Greco-Roman legacy.

Question 13

How was the Carolingian dynasty able to secure their position in the Frankish kingdom?

A)Through loyal service to the Romans
B)Through marriages with Frankish aristocracy and placement as the mayor of the palace
C)Through alliances with the Byzantine emperor
D)Through alliances with Muslim rulers

Question 14

What was the importance of the Frankish victory at the Battle of Poitiers from the point of view of the Franks?

A)It established the Carolingians as the rightful rulers in France.
B)It halted Muslim expansion into Europe.
C)It defeated the last of the barbarian tribes in Europe.
D)It secured northern France against Viking raids.

Question 15

Muslim scholars made which of the following advances?

A)Adapting multiplication tables
B)Applying mathematics to problems of physics and astronomy
C)Establishing the basic tables for calculus
D)Providing instruction in Roman law

Question 16

How did Charlemagne conceive of his empire?

A)He considered his empire to be private lands held as his personal property.
B)He recognized his lands as the continuation of the barbarian monarchies with full authority for the plunder of local peoples.
C)He perpetuated Roman imperial notions while identifying with the new Rome of the Christian Church.
D)He identified his empire as a secular entity in which people of diverse faiths should be allowed to worship.

Question 17

How did the early Muslims understand Jesus?

A)Jesus was a crazed man who misunderstood God and led millions to damnation by his claims of divinity.
B)Jesus was the enemy of Muhammad and sought to destroy the truth faith that was delivered to Muhammad.
C)Jesus was the son of God and a divine being who prepared the way for the Prophet Mohammad.
D)Jesus was a religious prophet who performed miracles and continued the work of Abraham and Moses, but he was not divine.

Question 18

How did Charlemagne attempt to maintain control over local authorities?

A)He required the eldest sons of local officials to live at court, where they could be watched and threatened if their fathers proved disloyal.
B)He appointed officials who checked up on local officials and held courts to handle judicial and financial issues.
C)He frequently traveled his domain, arriving at the homes of local officials without warning.
D)He frequently rotated local officials among different localities to prevent the officials from forming bonds with the local people.

Question 19

How did Pippin alter the nature of kingship among the Franks?

A)By claiming divine right, Pippin established the king as God's representative on earth and only subject to sanction or criticism from God.
B)By adopting the Roman fasci in the form of a scepter, Pippin laid claim to the Frankish king as the heir of the Roman Empire.
C)By receiving baptism, Pippin was claiming royal control over church lands in the Frankish kingdom.
D)By the papal anointment Pippin received, kingship took on a special moral and spiritual character in which anointment rather than royal blood set the king apart.

Question 20

How did the rights of Islamic women in the Middle Ages compare to the rights of Christian women in Europe?

A)Islamic women retained greater control over their property than did Christian women.
B)Islamic women were accorded full civil and economic rights, while the rights of Christian women were strongly restricted.
C)Islamic women were required to be fully covered from head to feet when in public and were considered the property of their husbands, while Christian women had substantial social freedoms.
D)Islamic women were confined to the home and barred from receiving male visitors, while Christian women could engage in public affairs.

Question 21

"But he bore very patiently the jealousy of the Roman Emperors [that is, the Byzantine rulers] who were indignant when he received these titles. He overcame their arrogant haughtiness with magnanimity." Whose coronation is described in this quotation from Einhard?

A)Clovis
B)Charlemagne
C)Leo
D)Louis

Question 22

Which of the following occurred under serfdom?

A)The peasant gave the lord a percentage of the annual harvest.
B)The peasant received financial compensation for his services.
C)The peasant used church courts to resolve disputes over property.
D)The peasant could be sold by the lord to another lord on a different estate.

Question 23

What two different Christian groups competed for the conversion of England?

A)Orthodox monks and missionaries oriented to Rome
B)Arian Christians and missionaries oriented to Rome
C)Celtic monks from Ireland and Arian Christians
D)Missionaries oriented to Rome and Celtic monks from Ireland

Question 24

Scholars believe that the Viking attacks and migrations were stimulated by which of the following?

A)Scandinavian population growth that could no longer be supported on the land available
B)The centralization of political authority in Scandinavia
C)Viking efforts to prevent Christianity from entering Scandinavia
D)A breakdown in papal authority in northern Europe

Question 25

In the following passage from the epic poem Beowulf (Evaluating the Evidence 8.3), Beowulf describes his reign: "I have ruled over this people fifty winters; there was not one of the kings of the neighbouring tribes who dared encounter me with weapons, or could weigh me down with fear. In my own home I awaited what the times destined for me, kept my own well, did not pick treacherous quarrels, nor have I sworn unjustly any oaths. In all this may I, sick with deadly wounds, have solace; because the Ruler of men may never charge me with the murder of kinsfolk, when my life parts from my body."
Based on this passage, which of the following best describes the qualities of an ideal leader in the early Middle Ages?

A)The ideal leader was constantly at war.
B)The ideal leader was a man of peace and humility.
C)The ideal leader kept his word and protected his people.
D)The ideal leader sought fame and glory above all else.

Question 26

Why did Pope Leo III believe that he could crown Charlemagne as Roman emperor?

A)The Byzantine emperor was a woman, and Leo did not recognize her as a legitimate ruler.
B)The papacy claimed the right to legitimize all ruling authorities, since spiritual authority was superior to worldly authority.
C)Spain had fallen to Muslims and the German lands to the Magyars, leaving only the Franks as a Christian kingdom.
D)The papacy asserted that the title of Roman emperor was uniquely owned by the church and could be assigned to whomever the church believed would protect its interests.

Question 27

What Roman term identified a senior official or royal companion that presided over a "civitas," or city?

A)Caliph
B)Comites
C)Dux
D)Vassal

Question 28

Why did Kievan Rus disintegrate?

A)The land was divided by Great Prince Iaroslav and then further divided by his sons and grandsons.
B)The Vikings destroyed the state and established small local princes in its place.
C)The Orthodox Church criticized the rulers for continuing pagan practices and undermining popular support for the state.
D)The boyar princes sought to overthrow the foreign princely rulers and reestablish noble authority.

Question 29

"We desire that each steward shall make an annual statement of all our income, giving an account of our lands cultivated by the oxen . . . of the rents, of the obligations and fines." This is an excerpt from Evaluating the Evidence 8.2: The Capitulary de Villis. Which rulers set forth these capitularies?

A)Carolingians
B)Boyars
C)Muslims
D)Byzantines

Question 30

What did the field of medicine demonstrate about the nature of learning in the early medieval world?

A)A distinct division existed between the learned culture of Latin built on the knowledge of the ancient world and the local traditions and popular knowledge of healing.
B)The learned knowledge of the ancient world began to spread significantly throughout Europe as priests were taught classical medical ideas and passed them to local peoples.
C)The popular knowledge of local peoples significantly influenced classical learning as individuals raised in northern Europe underwent training in monasteries.
D)Popular knowledge of traditional remedies was discredited by its failure to prevent the spread of disease throughout the early medieval period.

Question 31

What does Beowulf suggest about England in the early Middle Ages?

A)All important literature had to be produced in Latin in order to be widely read.
B)Christianity had not yet penetrated into England.
C)England was closely connected to the northern European continent.
D)The ideal of the warrior king who ruled by force still predominated.

Question 32

What was a double monastery?

A)A monastery in which a community of nuns and a community of monks were linked under the direction of an abbess.
B)A monastery that served both educational and religious functions.
C)A monastery in which two communities of monks living by different rules were linked under the overall direction of a single abbot.
D)An Orthodox and a Catholic monastery that functioned side by side.

Question 33

What occurred as a result of the Viking invasions of Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries?

A)The development of feudalism was accelerated.
B)Many Germans reconverted to pagan religions.
C)Europe developed several centralized kingdoms.
D)European armies began using peasant infantry.

Question 34

What is the economic system where peasant residents of a manor provide labor and goods for their lord in return for protection?

A)Feudalism
B)Monasticism
C)Manorialism
D)Vassalage

Question 35

"They will not be coerced in matters of religion, their churches will not be burned, nor will sacred objects be taken from the realm, [so long as] he [Tudmir] remains sincere." This quote from a 713 treaty (Evaluating the Evidence 8.1) exhibits Muslim religious tolerance of what people?

A)Visigoths
B)Vikings
C)Huns
D)Magyars

Question 36

What treaty agreed to by the emperor Louis the Pious's sons in 843 C.E. divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts?

A)Treaty of Verdun
B)Treaty of Aachen
C)Treaty of Paris
D)Treaty of Constantinople

Question 37

The conversion of Russia to Orthodox Christianity was facilitated by what factor?

A)Both civilizations were founded by Slavic peoples and shared similar cultural values.
B)The Vikings had forged trade routes from northern Europe to the Black Sea and the Byzantine Empire.
C)Orthodox Christian monks built monasteries along the major water routes into southern Russia.
D)The rulers of Kievan Rus forced Orthodox Christianity on the region in order to benefit from the Christian emphasis on obedience to rulers.

Question 38

"Men who die and leave wives behind shall bequeath to them a year's maintenance. . . . And your wives shall have a fourth part of what you leave, if you have no issue [offspring]; but if you have issue, then they shall have an eighth part. . . . With regard to your children, God commands you to give the male the portion of two females." This quote from the Qur'an provides evidence of which of the following?

A)The property rights of Muslim women
B)The relative oppression of Muslim women in comparison to Christian women
C)The absolute nature of Islamic patriarchy
D)The failure of the Qur'an to address social and economic issues

Question 39

How did Charles the Simple in France buy off a large Viking attack fleet?

A)He gave the Vikings a large quantity of gold.
B)He gave the Vikings a large section of northern France.
C)He gave the Vikings Christian priests to sacrifice to their Nordic gods.
D)He gave the Vikings holy relics as a sign of his submission to their authority.

Question 40

How did the development of the Magyars in Hungary parallel the development of the Carolingians in France?

A)Both relied on crushing noble opposition to strengthen the monarchy.
B)Both demonstrated loyalty to their regions by reducing papal authority.
C)Both presented themselves as protecting the people from abuses by the church.
D)Both built an alliance with the papacy to support royal authority.

Question 41

Merovingian rulers and their successors

A)almost never left their palaces.
B)were violently anti-Christian.
C)rejected all Roman political institutions.
D)traveled constantly to check up on their kingdoms.

Question 42

Which of the following best characterizes Merovingian Gaul in the sixth and seventh centuries?

A)Centralized and orderly
B)Violent and unstable
C)Peaceful and prosperous
D)Powerful and expansionary

Question 43

The Bedouins

A)grazed goats and sheep.
B)grew wheat and millet.
C)provided credit to merchants.
D)were scholars and theologians.

Question 44

Who was Alcuin?

A)The most important scholar at Charlemagne's court
B)A Muslim scholar and writer
C)Charlemagne's most successful general
D)A Viking warlord

Question 45

After the Treaty of Verdun, continental Europe was

A)fractured politically.
B)divided along religious lines.
C)more unified than it had ever been.
D)plunged into anarchy.

Question 46

How did Muslims impact agricultural developments in Spain?

Question 47

Who inhabited Arabia in the sixth and seventh centuries?

Question 48

What role did counts play in Charlemagne's government?

Question 49

What was the importance of Saint Hilda?

Question 50

What was the "mayor of the palace," and how did this role develop over time?

Question 51

Charlemagne believed that a king should be

A)the servant of all men.
B)a wholly secular figure.
C)an advocate of nonviolence.
D)feared by pagans.

Question 52

What role did slavery play in the early Middle Ages?

Question 53

Which of the following was one of the few distinctly pluralistic societies in medieval Europe?

A)Viking Scandinavia
B)Frankish northern Europe
C)Anglo-Saxon England
D)Moorish Spain

Question 54

Which of the following did Muslims consider dhimmis, or "protected people"?

A)Christians
B)Hindus
C)Buddhists
D)Pagans

Question 55

What were Viking thralls?

A)Priests
B)Slaves
C)Nobles
D)Merchants

Question 56

How did the teaching of the Qur'an affect the status of women?

Question 57

What does the term Dark Ages refer to?

Question 58

The culture of the Carolingian Renaissance was based primarily on

A)Germanic sagas and epic poems.
B)the legal and medical treatises of the Roman world.
C)Greco-Roman works of literature.
D)Christian sources.

Question 59

Why did Muhammad face resistance to his teachings in Mecca?

A)He condemned the institution of slavery.
B)He promoted total gender equality.
C)He challenged the power of the local elite.
D)He urged people to worship the gods of the Ka'ba.

Question 60

How did the Carolingians displace the Merovingians?

Question 61

Answer the following questions:
feudalism

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 62

Answer the following questions:
Treaty of Verdun

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 63

Answer the following questions:
fief

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 64

What are the key features of Islam? What did Muhammad believe was required of a good Muslim?

Question 65

What explanations have scholars proposed for the Viking attacks and migrations?

Question 66

Answer the following questions:
serfs

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 67

Answer the following questions:
manorialism

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 68

Answer the following questions:
boyars

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 69

Answer the following questions:
civitas

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 70

The Carolingian Renaissance may have been the greatest accomplishment of Charlemagne's reign. What were the intellectual roots of this renaissance? What were its practical results? What part did Charlemagne play in the process?

Question 71

Answer the following questions:
caliph

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 72

Answer the following questions:
infidel

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 73

Answer the following questions:
The Five Pillars of Islam

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 74

With the collapse of the Carolingian Empire after the Treaty of Verdun, Europe became an easy target for foreign invasions. Describe the various assaults on western Europe. What impact did the barbarian invasions have on medieval Europe?

Question 75

Answer the following questions:
Kievan Rus

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 76

What steps did Charlemagne take to advance learning within his realm?

Question 77

Answer the following questions:
Qur'an

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 78

Some scholars have called the Carolingian Empire "the 'first' European civilization." Defend this statement.

Question 79

Answer the following questions:
comites

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.

Question 80

Answer the following questions:
vassal

A)The sacred book of Islam.
B)The five practices Muslims must fulfill according to the shari'a, or sacred law, including the profession of faith, prayer, fasting, giving alms to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
C)The part of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control in the eighth century, encompassing most of modern-day Spain.
D)A disparaging term used for a person who does not believe in a particular religion.
E)Treaty signed in 843 by Charlemagne's grandsons dividing the Carolingian Empire into three parts and setting the pattern for political boundaries in Europe still in use today.
F)A term devised by later scholars to describe the political system in which a vassal was generally given a piece of land in return for his loyalty.
G)A system in which peasant residents of manors, or farming villages, provided work and goods for their lord in exchange for protection.
H)The city and surrounding territory that served as a basis of the administrative system in the Frankish kingdoms, based on Roman models.
I)A senior official or royal companion, later called a count, who presided over the civitas.
J)A warrior who swore loyalty and service to a noble in exchange for land, protection, and support.
K)Peasants bound to the land by a relationship with a manorial lord.
L)High-ranking nobles in Russia who were descendants of Viking warriors and held their lands as free and clear private property.
M)A successor, as chosen by a group of Muhammad's closest followers.
N)A confederation of Slavic territories, with its capital at Kiev, ruled by descendants of the Vikings.
O)A piece of land granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in return for service and loyalty.