Deck 6: Autism-Spectrum-Disorder-And-Childhood-Onset-Schizophrenia

Question 1

Children who have been diagnosed with ____ have deficits in recognizing facial expressions.

A)depression​
B)ASD
C)ADHD
D)anxiety

Answer 1

ASD

Question 2

Leo Kanner used the term early infantile autism,which literally means ____.

A)absence of language
B)need of sameness
C)outside of oneself
D)within oneself

Answer 2

within oneself

Question 3

With respect to attachment,most children with ASD ____.

A)do not form meaningful social attachments to their parents
B)form indiscriminate attachments with any adult
C)do not form attachments with any individual except their parents
D)prefer their caregivers over unfamiliar adults

Answer 3

prefer their caregivers over unfamiliar adults

Question 4

The primary language deficit of children with ASD (who develop language)is ____.

A)grammatical usage
B)semantics
C)morphological usage
D)pragmatics

Question 5

The tendency to focus on one feature of an object in the environment while ignoring other equally important features is called stimulus ____.

A)dominance
B)specialization
C)screening
D)overselectivity

Question 6

Children with ASD are most likely to use ____.

A)instrumental gestures
B)expressive gestures
C)protodeclarative gestures
D)joint social behaviors

Question 7

The tendency to focus on certain types of sensory input over others is called sensory ____.

A)dominance
B)specialization
C)screening
D)overselectivity

Question 8

A DSM-5 diagnosis of ASD will be based on ____.

A)five different subtypes
B)one overarching category
C)dimensional symptoms
D)easily separated symptoms

Question 9

Which statement about the social skills of children with ASD is true?​

A)Children with ASD experience profound difficulties relating to others,even when they have average or above-average intelligence.
B)Children with ASD experience profound difficulties relating to others,but only when they have below-average intelligence.
C)Children with ASD experience profound difficulties relating to others,but only when they have co-occurring ID.
D)Children with ASD experience profound difficulties relating to others,but only when they have below-average intelligence and no useful language.

Question 10

____ children with ASD do not develop any useful language.

A)All
B)The majority of
C)Approximately half of
D)A small number of

Question 11

Special cognitive skills that are above average for the general population,as well as well above the autistic child's own general level of intellect are referred to as ____.

A)savant skills
B)splinter skills
C)macro skills
D)supernatural skills

Question 12

The use of protodeclarative gestures requires ____.

A)verbal ability and shared social attention
B)theory of mind and verbal ability
C)implicit understanding and shared social attention
D)intelligence and shared social attention

Question 13

Traditional intelligence tests,such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC),may ____ the intellectual functioning of children with ASD.

A)underestimate
B)artificially inflate
C)stereotype
D)accurately reflect

Question 14

Joint attention refers to the ability to ____.

A)communicate with two people at the same time
B)coordinate one's focus of attention on another person and an object of mutual interest
C)hold a conversation on two different topics
D)pay attention to the conversation that two other people are having

Question 15

Children with ASD may engage in self-stimulatory behavior because ____.

A)they crave stimulation,and self-stimulation serves to excite their nervous systems
B)they are ready to play
C)they are hungry
D)they need to hurt themselves to focus

Question 16

Echolalia in children with ASD is believed to be a(n)____.

A)sign of pathology
B)sign of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)important step in their language acquisition
D)uncontrollable habit

Question 17

Which statement about ASD is true?​

A)ASD is a subtype of Asperger's disorder.
B)ASD is a single domain disorder.
C)ASD is a disorder children outgrow.
D)ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Question 18

The theory of mind hypothesis of ASD suggests that children with ASD ____.

A)focus on one feature of an object in an environment while ignoring other equally important features
B)do not understand others' mental states
C)cannot take in the larger picture because of a tendency to focus on details
D)are unable to split their social attention in social situations

Question 19

Early theories about autism attributed the autistic child's behaviors to ____.

A)biological abnormalities of the brain
B)the inability to integrate senses
C)the parent's wish that the child not exist
D)lack of stimulating environments

Question 20

Children with ASD ____.

A)have reduced sharing of emotions
B)initial most social interactions
C)tend to listen to the speaker
D)make exaggerated facial expressions

Question 21

Many parents who have a child with ASD feel that the ____ in vaccines increased number of incidences of ASD.

A)niacin
B)copper
C)mercury
D)lead

Question 22

A child with intellectual disability but not ASD would more likely display ____.

A)more sporadic delays on the WISC-IV
B)general delays across all areas of intellectual functioning on the WISC-IV
C)higher scores on other tests of intellectual functioning than the WISC-IV
D)special splinter skills in music and drawing on the WISC-IV

Question 23

The cognitive deficit most specific to children with ASD is ____.

A)weak central coherence
B)deficits in executive functions
C)deficient theory of mind
D)sensory overselectivity

Question 24

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest prevalence of ASD?​

A)African American
B)Non-Hispanic white
C)Asian
D)Native American

Question 25

____ has been associated with ASD more than any other genetically based condition.

A)Tuberous sclerosis
B)Down syndrome
C)PKU
D)Fragile X

Question 26

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)recommends that children be screened for ASD at _______.

A)12 months
B)15 months
C)12 months and 24 months
D)18 months and 24 months

Question 27

Children with ASD and language development are most likely to show deficits in ____.

A)language acquisition
B)length of utterances
C)spontaneous social conversation
D)grammatical complexity

Question 28

Which statement about gender differences in ASD is true?​

A)ASD is equally common in boys and girls.
B)ASD is more common in boys.
C)ASD is more common in boys,except among those with profound ID,where the numbers of boys and girls are similar.
D)ASD is more common in boys,except among those with average or above-average IQ,where the numbers of boys and girls are similar.

Question 29

The two strongest predictors of adult outcomes in children with ASD are ____.

A)absence of stereotyped behavior and theory of mind
B)intellectual ability and language development
C)parental responsiveness and early intervention
D)intact motor skills and sensory specialization

Question 30

A person lacking central coherence ____.

A)processes information in bits and pieces but fails to see the big picture
B)does not understand others' mental states
C)cannot coordinate left and right body movements
D)fails to understand social hierarchies

Question 31

Children with ASD are likely to experience problems with ____.

A)repetition
B)gastrointestinal problems
C)overeating
D)non-verbal play

Question 32

If you were to administer the WISC to a child with ASD,which subscale would likely cause the child the most difficulty?​

A)Non-verbal subtests involving short-term memory
B)Image memory tasks
C)Repetitive design tasks
D)Verbal comprehension subtests

Question 33

The extreme male brain theory of ASD suggests that ____.

A)autistic brains are more "systemizing"
B)autistic brains are less "systemizing"
C)females are more "systemizing"
D)males are more "empathizing"

Question 34

____ in some children with ASD distinguishes them from those with intellectual disability or language disorders.

A)Low-set ears
B)Abnormally large head circumference
C)Flattened bridge of the nose
D)Wide-spaced eyes

Question 35

Family members of children with ASD display higher than normal rates of ____.

A)echolalia
B)intellectual disability
C)language deficits
D)social communication

Question 36

The deficits of ASD become increasingly noticeable ____.

A)from birth
B)around 6 months of age
C)around 2 years of age
D)when the child enters school

Question 37

Many children with ASD also have ____.

A)intellectual disability and epilepsy
B)superior intelligence
C)schizophrenia
D)intellectual disability and schizophrenia

Question 38

As many as _____ % of individuals with ASD have a head size that is above average.

A)80
B)85
C)90
D)95

Question 39

The rise in prevalence of ASD is most likely due to ____.

A)increase in mercury in the diet
B)greater recognition of milder forms of ASD
C)more harmful vaccines administered
D)stricter guidelines for diagnosis

Question 40

Recent findings estimate the prevalence of ASD worldwide to be ____.

A)one per 124
B)one per 500
C)one per 257
D)one per 68

Question 41

The most common presenting symptom for children with childhood-onset schizophrenia is ____.

A)auditory hallucinations
B)visual hallucinations
C)paranoid delusions
D)flat affect

Question 42

In comparison to children with ASD,children with childhood-onset schizophrenia ____.

A)tend to be younger at diagnosis
B)show a more chronic and declining course
C)show similar social and language deficits
D)show less intellectual impairment

Question 43

Current views regarding the causes of schizophrenia emphasize ____.

A)biological factors
B)family environment factors
C)disruptions to prenatal development
D)genetic vulnerability and early neurodevelopmental insults

Question 44

A child is close to school again and needs to learn to sit in a chair.Which would be a step-by-step approach using a stimulus that requires a specific response?​

A)skills training
B)TEACCH
C)discrete trial training
D)ABA

Question 45

What is it called when an individual with ASD is unable to play with a toy while listening to a social partner?​

A)echolalia
B)theory of mind
C)protoimperative
D)joint attention

Question 46

The most common comorbid disorders in children with schizophrenia are ____.

A)ASD and other PDDs
B)anxiety disorders
C)conduct disorder and depression
D)pica and mental retardation

Question 47

Studies of brain metabolism in individuals with ASD suggest decreased blood flow in these two lobes.

A)frontal and temporal
B)frontal and parietal
C)temporal and parietal
D)occipital and temporal

Question 48

Dr.Ivar Lovaas is most noted for his work in developing ____.

A)TEACCH
B)Floor Time
C)Applied Behavioral Analysis
D)Pivotal Response Therapy

Question 49

Which statement about childhood-onset schizophrenia is false?​

A)Childhood-onset schizophrenia appears to be a more severe form of adult-onset schizophrenia.
B)The criteria used to diagnose schizophrenia in adults can reliably be used to diagnose schizophrenia in children.
C)Childhood-onset schizophrenia typically has a sudden onset.
D)Childhood-onset schizophrenia is likely to persist into adolescence and adulthood.

Question 50

A step-by-step approach to presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response that is used in the treatment of ASD is called ____.

A)subtle trial training
B)response training
C)trial-response approach
D)discrete trial training

Question 51

____ strengthens behaviors by capitalizing on naturally occurring opportunities.

A)Naturalistic training
B)Discrete trial training
C)Incidental training
D)Pivotal response training

Question 52

Medications help control psychotic symptoms in children with schizophrenia by blocking ____ transmission at the ____ receptor.

A)dopamine,G2,GABA
B)dopamine,5HT2,serotonin
C)serotonin,D2 dopamine
D)dopamine,D2 dopamine

Question 53

In contrast to children with ASD,children formerly diagnosed with Asperger's disorder ____.

A)do not display social impairments
B)do not display restricted interests
C)display normal intellectual abilities
D)display less language delay

Question 54

The promise of early intervention with ASD derives primarily from ____.

A)the likelihood that parents have not yet become discouraged
B)the likelihood that intrusive and disruptive behaviors will not yet have been developed
C)the willingness of young children to please adults
D)the plasticity of neural systems early in development

Question 55

Current treatments for child-onset schizophrenia emphasize medications in combination with ____.

A)critical feedback
B)intellectual skills training
C)an educational support program
D)behavior analysis

Question 56

The UCLA Young ASD Project attempts to modify children's symptoms by ____.

A)imitating the children whenever they engage in perseverative behaviors
B)using behavior modification techniques such as rewarding and shaping
C)removing children from their homes and placing them in more structured settings
D)applying electric shock

Question 57

Which characteristic is least prevalent in the families of children with schizophrenia?​

A)communication deviance
B)use of harsh criticism toward the children
C)economic hardship
D)supportive bonds

Question 58

Some studies have indicated the effectiveness of ____ in comparison to other treatments.

A)medication
B)skills training
C)ABA
D)operant speech training

Question 59

Schizophrenia is extremely rare prior to ____.

A)the preschool years
B)the early school years
C)adolescence
D)early to mid-adulthood

Question 60

Children with schizophrenia may be treated with ____ to diminish psychotic symptoms.

A)behavior modification
B)individual therapy
C)medications
D)family treatment

Question 61

Identify and explain two psychotic symptoms that youngsters with COS may experience.

Question 62

What does it mean to say that ASD is a "spectrum" disorder?​

Question 63

Explain the controversial extreme male brain theory of ASD.

Question 64

Describe the features that commonly characterize the speech of children with ASD who have developed some useful language.

Question 65

Discuss the connection between vulnerability and stress in the cause of COS.

Question 66

What are some symptoms of initial stages of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS)?​

Question 67

In what ways are children with intellectual disability distinguishable from children with intellectual disability in addition to ASD?​

Question 68

Discuss the evidence for genetic factors in the etiology of ASD.

Question 69

What are the goals of treatment for children with ASD?​

Question 70

Discuss the theory of mind hypothesis of ASD.What findings provide support for this hypothesis?​

Question 71

What are the core features of ASD?​

Question 72

In what ways are children with ASD distinguishable from children with language delays?​

Question 73

Why might it be difficult to identify schizophrenia in young children?​

Question 74

How are disruptive behaviors in early treatment of children with ASD addressed?​

Question 75

Discuss the potential causes for the recent increase in rates of ASD.