Deck 6: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

A)panic disorder
B)phobic disorder
C)generalized fear disorder
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 1

generalized fear disorder

Question 2

What was the rationale behind the DSM-5 change in the name of the diagnosis "social phobia" to "social anxiety disorder"?

A)Social phobias tend to be more pervasive and cause more interference with daily routines than other phobias.
B)A social phobia was termed "social anxiety disorder" in the DSM-III.
C)Many people with social phobias also meet criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder.
D)Social phobias cause minimal impairment and tend to be of short duration.

Answer 2

Social phobias tend to be more pervasive and cause more interference with daily routines than other phobias.

Question 3

Which of the following DSM-IV-TR criteria for a specific phobia was NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria?

A)The person recognizes that the fear is unrealistic.
B)The person must experience the symptoms for at least 6 months.
C)The person experiences marked and disproportionate fear consistently triggered by specific objects or situations.
D)The object or situation is avoided or else endured with intense anxiety.

Answer 3

The person recognizes that the fear is unrealistic.

Question 4

Animal phobias typically begin in

A)infancy.
B)childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)adulthood.

Question 5

In the DSM-5,all of the following are separate chapters EXCEPT

A)anxiety disorders.
B)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
C)panic disorders.
D)trauma- and stress-related disorders.

Question 6

Ted is fearful of interactions with others and avoids eating in public.Ted most likely has

A)specific phobia.
B)panic disorder with agoraphobia.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)paranoia.

Question 7

The fear of anything new is called

A)neophobia
B)anglophobia
C)premier phobia
D)musophobia

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Those with anxiety disorders have no greater risk for medical illness than those without anxiety disorders.
B)Those with anxiety disorders are more likely to be employed than those without anxiety disorders.
C)All of the anxiety disorders are associated with decrements in quality of life.
D)None of the anxiety disorders are associated with decrements in interpersonal concerns.

Question 9

The DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorders were divided into __________ chapters in the DSM-5.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 10

Jenny began to have sudden attacks of anxiety and dread and thus began to avoid public situations.Which disorder did Jenny likely have?

A)Panic disorder
B)Mood disorder
C)Specific phobic disorder
D)Avoidance disorder

Question 11

To improve performance on laboratory tests,it is best for participants to

A)experience a great deal of anxiety.
B)experience a small degree of anxiety.
C)experience no anxiety.
D)experience a small amount of anxiety as well as fear.

Question 12

Anxiety often involves __________ arousal,and fear involves __________ arousal.

A)high; low
B)high; moderate
C)moderate; low
D)moderate; high

Question 13

Anxiety disorders all share

A)high fear and high anxiety.
B)excessively frequent or severe anxiety that results in marked impairment or distress.
C)the same set of anxiety symptoms.
D)panic.

Question 14

Ted is fearful of most social situations,whereas Andreas is only fearful of giving speeches.Given this,one could infer that

A)Ted's fear began at an earlier age.
B)Ted may be more likely to abuse alcohol.
C)Andrea has less impairment.
D)All of the above.

Question 15

As a group,anxiety disorders

A)are unlikely to be comorbid.
B)are one of the least costly psychiatric disorders to society.
C)cause little interpersonal problems.
D)are the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 16

John is persistently and excessively afraid of snakes.Whenever he sees one,he feels intense anxiety and thus avoids snakes at all costs.John realizes,however,that this fear is unrealistic.John most likely has

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 17

An individual diagnosed with social anxiety disorder

A)exhibits paranoid symptoms,believing others are plotting to hurt him or her.
B)exhibits anxiety about having panic attacks in public.
C)is terrified of being in public places and may become housebound.
D)becomes extremely anxious when in certain situations that involve activities done in the presence of other people.

Question 18

The difference between anxiety and fear is that

A)anxiety is a response to immediate danger,while fear is defined as apprehension over an anticipated problem.
B)anxiety is immediate and fear is anticipated.
C)anxiety is apprehension over an anticipated problem,while fear is defined as a response to immediate danger.
D)anxiety is always adaptive,whereas fear is not.

Question 19

Dylan is walking through the jungles of Africa,and he suddenly comes across a ferocious tiger.Which of the following reactions is most adaptive in this scenario?

A)anxiety
B)anger
C)panic
D)fear

Question 20

Julie has social anxiety disorder.Given this information,it would not be surprising if she also met DSM-5 criteria for

A)schizophrenia.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

Question 21

Edna does not currently have panic disorder.However,she cannot leave her house and had required home sessions when she began therapy.It is likely that

A)Edna has agoraphobia,but does not meet criteria for panic disorder.
B)Edna does not have agoraphobia.
C)Edna is faking her symptoms.
D)Edna has more severe panic but is able to cope with the symptoms.

Question 22

If you lived in Taiwan or Japan,you would

A)be more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B)be less likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
C)be more likely to have kayak-angst.
D)never receive a formal psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a cued panic attack?

A)One that occurs during sleep.
B)One that occurs in the therapist's office,under control and as part of treatment.
C)One that occurs in specific situations,such as when the person is driving.
D)One that occurs without warning,such as while watching TV

Question 24

The worries of people with GAD

A)are generally limited to physiological concerns.
B)are similar to worries of most people,just more excessive.
C)typically are driven by another Axis I disorder.
D)all of the above.

Question 25

In Japan,taijin kyofusho involves

A)the fear of embarrassing others.
B)the fear of going outside.
C)the fear of rice.
D)the fear of closed spaces

Question 26

Panic attacks

A)occur only in people with panic disorder,by definition.
B)can occur in people who do not have panic disorder.
C)occur in greatest frequency among people with schizophrenia
D)occur primarily in people with agoraphobia

Question 27

Roughly what percentage of people in the United States has experienced at least one panic attack?

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%

Question 28

In Eastern Asia,the fear that one's genitals will recede into the body is called

A)koro.
B)kayak-angst.
C)shenkui.
D)susto.

Question 29

Agoraphobia is characterized by a fear of

A)being in unfamiliar places.
B)being embarrassed by saying or doing something foolish in front of others.
C)strangers misinterpreting their symptoms as a heart attack.
D)having a panic attack in places in which escape would be difficult or embarrassing.

Question 30

Depersonalization and derealization are common symptoms for which disorder?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)specific phobia
C)social anxiety disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 31

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a theory as to why women are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than men?

A)Women may show more biological reactivity to stress than men.
B)Women tend to be more nervous than men in general.
C)Men may be raised to believe more in personal control over situations.
D)Men may experience more social pressure than women to face fears.

Question 32

GAD is not diagnosed if

A)the person only worries about concerns driven by another psychological disorder.
B)the symptoms are present for over a year.
C)the patient reports excessive worrying and feeling on edge.
D)the patient experiences pervasive anxiety and worry.

Question 33

Symptoms that do not meet full diagnostic criteria are referred to as

A)subthreshold symptoms.
B)prethreshold symptoms.
C)comorbid symptoms.
D)none of the above.

Question 34

Intrusive,irrational and unwanted thoughts are called

A)irrational beliefs.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)obsessions.
D)compulsions.

Question 35

The most common disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders is

A)borderline personality disorder.
B)obsessive compulsive disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)major depression.

Question 36

Social anxiety disorder generally begins during:

A)early childhood
B)middle childhood
C)adolescence
D)early adulthood

Question 37

More than __________ of people with one anxiety disorder meet the criteria for another anxiety disorder at some point in their lifetime.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%

Question 38

The DSM-5 differs from the DSM-IV-TR in that

A)agoraphobia is a distinct disorder rather than a subtype of panic disorder.
B)agoraphobia is a subtype of panic disorder rather than a distinct disorder.
C)agoraphobia is a subtype of phobic disorders rather than a distinct disorder.
D)none of the above.

Question 39

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders because they are more

A)likely to face their fears directly.
B)physiologically vulnerable.
C)willing to report their symptoms.
D)exposed to social discrimination.

Question 40

In the question above,Ted would be diagnosed with __________ while Andreas would be diagnosed with __________.

A)social anxiety disorder,specific type; social anxiety disorder,generalized type
B)social anxiety disorder,generalized type; social anxiety disorder,specific type
C)agoraphobia,social type; social anxiety disorder,specific type
D)agoraphobia,social type; generalized anxiety disorder

Question 41

Individuals with anxiety disorders

A)have weak fear circuits.
B)have fear circuits that do not activate correctly when they are fearful or anxious.
C)have an overactive fear circuit.
D)have an underactive amygdala.

Question 42

In terms of the social environment's role in the development of anxiety disorders,which of the following statements is true?

A)negative life events often buffer against the development of anxiety disorders.
B)negative life events often precede the onset of anxiety disorders.
C)negative life events are unrelated to the onset of anxiety disorders.
D)none of the above.

Question 43

Behavioral inhibition is defined as the

A)tendency to experience neuroticism.
B)inability to inhibit one's behavioral reactions.
C)tendency to become agitated and cry when faced with novel stimuli.
D)inability to regulate symptoms of anxiety.

Question 44

In Latin America,the fright-illness is also known as

A)susto.
B)koro
C)kayak-angst.
D)shenkui

Question 45

Neuroticism is best defined as the tendency to

A)feel depressed.
B)feel anxious.
C)react to events with greater than average negative effect.
D)react in a pessimistic way.

Question 46

Dana's baby,Sophie,participated in a study that indicated that Sophie had high levels of behavioral inhibition.Compared with babies who demonstrated low levels of behavioral inhibition,Sophie is likely to develop

A)panic disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)OCD.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 47

Which of the following might buffer someone against developing an anxiety disorder?

A)repeated early life experiences of having control.
B)previous experiences of control during highly threatening circumstances.
C)being controlled by an understanding parent.
D)both a and b.

Question 48

Josie has panic disorder,while Herbie does not have an anxiety disorder.They are both shown pictures of sad and angry faces.The researchers studying Josie and Herbie's brain responses while they look at the pictures will most likely note that

A)Josie's amygdala is more active than that of Herbie's.
B)Josie's amygdala is less active than that of Herbie's.
C)Herbie's fear circuit is more active than that of Josie's.
D)none of the above.

Question 49

An individual with a snake phobia would be most likely to pay attention to the word

A)orange.
B)venom.
C)sad.
D)table.

Question 50

Heritability estimates tend to be the highest for

A)panic disorder.
B)GAD.
C)PTSD.
D)arachnophobia.

Question 51

Researchers training those with GAD to focus on a positive set of words over a long period of time using the dot probe task have found that participants

A)are more likely to report anxiety following the trainings.
B)do not experience any changes in their levels of anxiety following the trainings.
C)report less anxiety in both interview and self-report measures following the trainings.
D)report less anxiety in interview measures but more anxiety in self-report measures.

Question 52

Mowrer's two-factor model of anxiety disorders involves classical conditioning and

A)imitation.
B)operant conditioning.
C)observation.
D)none of the above.

Question 53

Factors that may increase risk for more than one anxiety disorder include all of the following EXCEPT

A)behavioral conditioning.
B)genetic vulnerability.
C)culture of origin.
D)neuroticism.

Question 54

The DSM-5 replaced the DSM-IV-TR's symptom of hot flashes with

A)menopause.
B)heat sensations.
C)overheating.
D)heat exhaustion.

Question 55

Which of the following puts people at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders?

A)having a perception that they have no control over their environment.
B)having a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia.
C)having low levels of neuroticism.
D)having low levels of activity in the fear circuit.

Question 56

People with low __________ appear to be at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders.

A)perceived control
B)perceived defense mechanisms
C)anxiety thresholds
D)defense disorders

Question 57

Imagine that a man is bitten by a dog and then develops a phobia of dogs.The dog bite would be considered the

A)UCS
B)UCR
C)CS
D)CR

Question 58

Lola is low in neuroticism.Compared with people who have high levels of neuroticism,Lola

A)is more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
B)is less likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
C)is probably characterized by a tendency to react to events with negative effect.
D)is more likely to have OCD.

Question 59

Dr.Francis randomly assigned puppies to one of two conditions.Group 1 grew up with the ability to choose when they would receive dog biscuits,while Group 2 had no control over when they would receive the dog biscuits.In this scenario,Group 2 would be

A)more likely to be aggressive.
B)less prone to neuroticism.
C)more likely to show high levels of behavioral inhibition.
D)more likely to display high levels of anxiety.

Question 60

To protect against feared consequences of anxiety,people will often engage in

A)safety behaviors.
B)protection behaviors.
C)avoidant behaviors.
D)recessive behaviors.

Question 61

Ivan reported a traumatic history with dogs,resulting in his fear of dogs.However,Sven also reported a traumatic history with dogs,but does not have a fear of dogs.This provides support for

A)a diathesis for phobia.
B)a preparedness view of phobia.
C)a psychoanalytic theory of phobia.
D)the two-factor theory.

Question 62

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a way that the development of anxiety through conditioning could take place?

A)direct experience
B)repressed memories
C)seeing someone else harmed
D)verbal instruction

Question 63

Why is avoidance behavior so often maintained?

A)People do not want to overcome their fears.
B)Such behavior reduces the amount of fear a person experiences.
C)Friends and family members generally encourage it.
D)People fail to use safety behaviors.

Question 64

Classical conditioning of panic attacks in response to bodily sensations is called

A)interoceptive conditioning.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)two-factor model.
D)exposure.

Question 65

Regina has social anxiety disorder.Now,in an effort to overcome her social fear,she is awkward,frequently commits faux pas by avoiding eye contact and struggles to respond effectively when given compliments.This is an illustration of

A)a predisposing biological factor.
B)preparedness.
C)social skill deficits in social anxiety disorder.
D)cognitive bias in social anxiety disorder.

Question 66

Which of the following is an example of a safety behavior?

A)seeking treatment.
B)avoiding snakes.
C)exposing oneself to a feared stimulus in a controlled environment.
D)avoiding eye contact.

Question 67

The fear circuit that is particularly important in explaining panic disorder is called the

A)locus coeruleus
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Question 68

There is evidence that social anxiety disorder is related to placing more attention to __________ cues and less attention to __________ cues.

A)external; internal
B)social; personal
C)internal; external
D)personal; social

Question 69

In regard to panic,the locus coeruleus

A)is likely to be under sensitive.
B)decreases panic by decreasing activity.
C)shows increased activity.
D)exhibits lower glucose metabolism.

Question 70

Both Lindsay and Nicole just completed a solo in a musical competition.The judges awarded them both 9 out of 10.Lindsay has social anxiety disorder and Nicole does not.Based on this information,

A)Lindsay is less likely to worry about how others perceived her performance.
B)Nicole is more likely to have higher standards than Lindsay.
C)Lindsay is more likely to think she sang more poorly than Nicole.
D)None of the above.

Question 71

Panic attacks can be triggered by which of the following?

A)caffeine.
B)exercise.
C)adrenaline.
D)all of the above.

Question 72

What is a reason why people typically do not fear coconuts,flowers or strawberries?

A)During evolution,exposure to such stimuli was not life threatening.
B)They are not poisonous.
C)They are not as common as stimuli such as blood or spiders.
D)People developed prepared learning in response to such stimuli.

Question 73

One problem with Mowrer's original two-factor model of phobias is that phobias tend to develop

A)following traumatic experiences.
B)only with respect to certain stimuli.
C)equally in all age groups.
D)in people not otherwise anxious.

Question 74

After viewing tapes of monkeys apparently showing fear of snakes,lambs,and flowers,monkeys who viewed these tapes were only fearful of snakes.This provides only partial support for __________ but better support for __________.

A)modeling; classical conditioning
B)vicarious learning; avoidance learning
C)modeling; prepared learning
D)prepared learning; diathesis

Question 75

Laboratory studies,like the ones using the dot probe task,have provided evidence for the theory that

A)chronic anxiety creates negative cognitions.
B)fixating on dots for long periods of time may create anxiety.
C)the way we focus our attention can influence anxious mood.
D)none of the above.

Question 76

As opposed to people without a history of panic disorder,those with a history of panic disorder

A)are quicker to extinguish their conditioned fears.
B)are slower to extinguish their conditioned fears.
C)fail to develop conditioned fears.
D)none of the above.

Question 77

Doug was frightened by a rat coming into his bedroom when he was a child,and he now has a rat phobia.However,despite having been severely shocked by putting her finger in an electric outlet,Martha has no fear of sockets.This inconsistency is explained by the theory of

A)prepared learning.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)irrational beliefs.
D)avoidance conditioning.

Question 78

According to the cognitive perspective,social anxiety is related to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)unrealistic negative beliefs about the consequences of their social behaviors.
B)attention to how they are doing in social interactions and their own internal sensations.
C)formation of negative visual images of how others will react to them.
D)all of the above.

Question 79

The second factor of Mowrer's two-factor model explains why

A)a man's dog phobia never ceases.
B)a man develops a dog phobia.
C)a man reduces his fear of dogs.
D)a man who develops a dog phobia is able to expose himself to dogs.

Question 80

When triggering panic attacks experimentally through the use of drugs,researchers have found that

A)such drugs produce panic in people without a history of panic attacks as often as they produce panic in people with a history of panic attacks.
B)more than a dozen different types of drugs can trigger panic attacks among people with a history of panic attacks.
C)it is nearly impossible to actually replicate the physiological symptoms that occur during a real panic attack.
D)people with a history of panic attacks are more likely to report physiological symptoms than emotional symptoms.