Deck 15: Peers and the Sociocultural World

Question 1

Research shows that children who are isolated from or rejected by peers may be:

A)more obedient to adults.
B)prone to depression.
C)more socially competent.
D)unhappy as children but happier-than-average in midlife.

Answer 1

prone to depression.

Question 2

Which peer status group includes children who do not have best friends and who are actively disliked by peers?

A)neglected
B)average
C)rejected
D)controversial

Answer 2

rejected

Question 3

Mia plays alone at recess.The school counselor teaches Mia how to introduce herself and how to join in with peers.The school counselor is trying to increase Mia's:

A)perspective-taking skills.
B)information-processing skills.
C)social knowledge.
D)peer aggression.

Answer 3

social knowledge.

Question 4

Which of the following traits is linked to impaired peer relations?

A)overzealous religiousness
B)hyperactivity
C)negative emotionality
D)unrealistic optimism

Question 5

The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is termed:

A)sociometric status.
B)socioemotional standing.
C)acceptance rank.
D)cohort approval status.

Question 6

Candie is a cheerleader.She hangs out with the "in crowd," but many of her peers don't like her.What is Candie's peer status?

A)popular
B)controversial
C)rejected
D)neglected

Question 7

Brent and Kegan are about the same age and maturity level.They are:

A)friends.
B)peers.
C)classmates.
D)siblings.

Question 8

Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information.In regards to peer status, Kael is most likely a(n):

A)average child.
B)rejected child.
C)popular child.
D)controversial child.

Question 9

All of the following parental behaviors have been linked with children's social competence and acceptance EXCEPT:

A)warmth.
B)monitoring.
C)provision of opportunities.
D)advice giving.

Question 10

To whom are children most likely to turn in times of stress?

A)parents
B)teachers
C)peers
D)grandparents

Question 11

Another student bumps into Kari in the classroom.As the student turns to apologize, teary-eyed Kari runs back to her seat feeling picked on.Kari has committed an error in:

A)social cognition.
B)social script forming.
C)perspective reciprocating.
D)social schema formation.

Question 12

Which peer status includes children who have many friends and are not disliked by peers?

A)neglected
B)controversial
C)average
D)popular

Question 13

Sam is participating in a social skills group that focuses on teaching the children how to join in with peers and make friends.In regards to peer status, Sam is most likely a(n):

A)average child.
B)popular child.
C)controversial child.
D)neglected child.

Question 14

Which of the following peer contexts influences child and adolescent development?

A)religious setting
B)sporting event
C)neighborhood
D)all of these

Question 15

According to Jean Piaget and Harry Stack Sullivan, what is the primary mode through which children learn from their peers?

A)reciprocal interactions
B)direct instruction
C)role-playing
D)parent mediation of peer relationships

Question 16

What does a child get from peers that he/she typically cannot get from siblings?

A)same-sex friends
B)a sounding board for intimate feelings
C)comparison to others the same age
D)a view of the world from another's perspective

Question 17

According to Dodge's social information processing model, a child with well-developed social cognitive knowledge will:

A)respond more impulsively in social situations.
B)propose other-based solutions to social problems.
C)avoid reflecting on the causes for social situations.
D)interpret ambiguous social situations more effectively.

Question 18

Jake responds calmly when his friend teases him about his haircut.Jake is showing competence in:

A)sociometric status.
B)emotional self-regulation.
C)victimization.
D)social cognition.

Question 19

Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who don't have best friends or a regular group of friends?

A)rejected
B)neglected
C)average
D)controversial

Question 20

Charlie is well liked by many of his peers.He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful.What is Charlie's peer status?

A)popular
B)controversial
C)average
D)neglected

Question 21

A group of children is playing soccer at recess.The group is most likely comprised of:

A)boys and girls.
B)girls.
C)boys.
D)rejected boys.

Question 22

Cross-sex peer relations begin to increase in:

A)early adulthood.
B)late adulthood.
C)adolescence.
D)early childhood.

Question 23

Randy recently moved to a new town and has a history of social anxiety.Randy is more likely to:

A)attract girlfriends rather than same-sex peers.
B)become a part of the popular crowd.
C)rebel against peers.
D)conform to peers.

Question 24

__________ children often have more psychosocial difficulties later in life than __________ children.

A)Popular; controversial
B)Controversial; rejected
C)Rejected; neglected
D)Neglected; controversial

Question 25

In which country are adolescents most likely to conform to their peers?

A)Saudi Arabia
B)Japan
C)India
D)the United States

Question 26

In what type of play is DeLeon, a 7-year-old boy, MOST likely to engage?

A)collaborative discourse
B)large group
C)small group
D)imaginary

Question 27

Who is least likely to be bullied?

A)a lonely child
B)an aggressive child
C)a socially withdrawn child
D)a child with strong perspective-taking skills

Question 28

Brad's group of friends is known as the "smart kids" at school.This is his:

A)clique.
B)circle.
C)crowd.
D)gang.

Question 29

Which peer status and trait pair correlates with delinquent behavior in adolescence?

A)neglected/kind
B)average/shy
C)rejected/aggressive
D)controversial/intelligent

Question 30

Jack is often sad, as he just experienced the loss of his favorite pet.His friend Jason frequently makes Jack laugh, and offers to take him to movies, etc.This is an example of which friendship function?

A)companionship
B)stimulation
C)physical support
D)ego support

Question 31

Trisha's small group of friends does most everything together.This is her:

A)clique.
B)circle.
C)crowd.
D)gang.

Question 32

At what age do children begin to prefer to spend time with same-sex peers?

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)3 years
D)5 years

Question 33

Which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively disliked by peers?

A)popular
B)rejected
C)neglected
D)controversial

Question 34

In his social skills training group, Travis is asked to role-play and discuss possible reactions to hypothetical negative encounters with peers.What is Travis's peer status?

A)neglected
B)rejected
C)average
D)popular

Question 35

Jake feels secure knowing that his friend Steve is available whether the activity is golfing or studying for an exam.This is an example of which friendship function?

A)companionship
B)stimulation
C)physical support
D)ego support

Question 36

In a recent national study of 15,000 6^th-9^th graders, how many had been involved (as a perpetrator or victim) in bullying?

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)33 percent
D)50 percent

Question 37

John Coie suggests three reasons that aggressive, peer-rejected boys may have problems with social relationships.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of these boys?

A)lack of spontaneity and impulsiveness
B)easily aroused to anger
C)fewer social skills
D)lack of sustained attention

Question 38

Which of the following statements is TRUE of bullying?

A)Children are most likely to be bullied in high school.
B)Many bullies are not rejected by the peer group.
C)Victims are likely to smoke and drink and have low grades.
D)Victims are most likely to be middle-school-aged girls.

Question 39

When does conformity to peers tend to peak?

A)5^th grade
B)6^th grade
C)7^th grade
D)9^th grade

Question 40

In her social skills training group, Thaina is learning how to attract positive attention by being a good listener and making appropriate comments.What is Thaina's peer status?

A)popular
B)controversial
C)rejected
D)neglected

Question 41

Anne encourages George-Michael to run for class president, assuring him that he is well-liked and capable.This is an example of which friendship function?

A)stimulation
B)physical support
C)intimacy/affection
D)ego support

Question 42

Mark and Brennan are good friends.Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?

A)They disclose problems and personal weaknesses.
B)They expect sympathy and listening from each other.
C)They share and ask for useful information in the form of practical solutions to problems.
D)They get together frequently just to talk.

Question 43

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about adolescents with older friends?

A)They are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.
B)They are likely to have higher grades and educational aspirations.
C)They are more socially competent and mature than those who interact with their own age group.
D)They usually have younger friends and more same-age friends as well.

Question 44

Jessica and Nicole feel secure disclosing private thoughts and personal information to each other.They have a high degree of:

A)intimacy in friendship.
B)cliquish behavior.
C)perspective-taking.
D)social knowledge.

Question 45

Marilee has turned to her close friend, Chuck, for support about a problem at work.Chuck is most likely to respond by:

A)listening without judgment.
B)validating her feelings.
C)changing the conversation to one he feels more comfortable discussing.
D)offering solutions to her conflict.

Question 46

Not all friendships are healthy or positive.Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous?

A)socially skilled
B)academic
C)coercive
D)supportive

Question 47

Whereas girls' friendships in adolescence often focus on intimacy, boys' friendships tend to emphasize:

A)power and excitement.
B)problem solving.
C)academic achievement.
D)gossip and aggression.

Question 48

Steve and Haley rarely go out anymore.Haley is becoming bored and depressed.According to Sullivan, what is the relationship lacking?

A)playful companionship
B)tenderness
C)social acceptance
D)sexual relations

Question 49

Sheryl and Lynda are close friends.Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?

A)They compete with each other and frequently disagree.
B)When they talk, each wants practical solutions to their problems rather than sympathy.
C)They get together frequently to enjoy outdoor activities.
D)They often get together just to talk.

Question 50

Compared to adult men, adult women tend to have _____ close friends and friendships that are more _____.

A)more; functional
B)fewer; functional
C)more; intimate
D)fewer; intimate

Question 51

Freud and Erikson believe that play helps children:

A)enhance cognitive development.
B)explore the environment.
C)master anxieties and conflicts.
D)increase affiliation with peers.

Question 52

Jacene is never bored with her friends.They seem to attract adventure.This is an example of which friendship function?

A)companionship
B)stimulation
C)physical support
D)ego support

Question 53

Sheri is an emerging adult with a new boyfriend.Sheri's boyfriend most likely:

A)has a different ethnicity and religion.
B)is psychologically destructive.
C)has different educational goals than Sheri.
D)is similar to her other friends and family members.

Question 54

In childhood, friendships are usually based on:

A)family composition.
B)differences.
C)similarities.
D)geography.

Question 55

Two friends are getting together to play golf.They are most likely:

A)female and will spend their time trying to win the game.
B)female and will spend their time engaged in personal/intimate conversation.
C)male and will spend their time trying to win the game.
D)male and will spend their time engaged in personal/intimate conversation.

Question 56

When José talks to his friend, he realizes that his feelings about his brothers and sisters are normal.This is an example of which friendship function?

A)companionship
B)ego support
C)social comparison
D)stimulation

Question 57

Whenever Heidi and Melissa get together they end up discussing problems they are having with their other friends, boyfriends, and parents.This is an example of:

A)bullying.
B)co-rumination.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)a crowd.

Question 58

Fifteen-year-old Ash doesn't have a close friend.What is a likely outcome of this circumstance?

A)abnormally close relationship with a sibling or parent
B)increased susceptibility to peer pressure
C)social independence
D)loneliness and reduced sense of self-worth

Question 59

Sullivan believes that most adolescent friendships are built on a need for:

A)respect.
B)compatibility.
C)intimacy.
D)similarity.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is NOT true about friendship in late adulthood?

A)Older adults experience less intense positive emotions with new friends than established friends.
B)Family relationships are more important than friendships in predicting mental health.
C)Individuals with close ties with friends have greater longevity.
D)Older adults experience more negative than positive emotions with established friends.

Question 61

Kenna and Maren play "store" together and use blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale.They are engaged in which type of play?

A)sensorimotor
B)social
C)pretense/symbolic
D)games

Question 62

Which play type is characterized by having rules?

A)leisure
B)games
C)social play
D)pretense/symbolic play

Question 63

Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters which of the following capacities?

A)fine motor skills
B)gross motor skills
C)early mathematical skills
D)balancing of social roles

Question 64

Running, jumping, sliding, and throwing balls are examples of:

A)practice play
B)constructive play
C)social play
D)games

Question 65

In which play type does a child transform the physical environment into a symbol and act toward objects as though they are other objects?

A)social
B)practice
C)pretense/symbolic
D)sensorimotor

Question 66

Bryn loves to see the toys on her bouncer seat move when she kicks her feet.In which of Bergen's play types is Bryn engaged?

A)social
B)pretense/symbolic
C)sensorimotor
D)games

Question 67

Daniel Berlyne believes that play helps children:

A)develop motor skills and coordination.
B)master anxieties and conflicts.
C)increase affiliation with peers.
D)explore new things as a way to satisfy their natural curiosity about the world.

Question 68

What percentage of U.S.adults 60 years and older spend no time in leisure activities?

A)10 percent
B)approximately 25 percent
C)over 50 percent
D)60 percent

Question 69

Ted is a U.S.adult looking back on his life.He most likely regrets which of the following?

A)taking too many vacations
B)not working harder and for longer hours
C)not engaging in more leisure activities
D)spending too much time with his children

Question 70

Which type of play happens when a child is engrossed in an independent activity with other children?

A)unoccupied
B)social
C)parallel
D)onlooker

Question 71

Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play?

A)sensorimotor
B)social
C)pretense/symbolic
D)games

Question 72

is Kylie engaged?

A)social
B)practice
C)constructive
D)pretense/symbolic

Question 73

Which of the following activities has been shown to increase an adolescent's initiative?

A)electronic media
B)unstructured activities
C)structured activities
D)social activities

Question 74

Which of the following is increasingly reducing children's time for play?

A)institutional activities
B)interactions with grandparents
C)electronic media
D)chores and work-related activities

Question 75

Two-year-old Mac is playing with his cars.His mother stands at the bedroom door for some time before Mac notices her.In which play type is Mac engaged?

A)practice
B)unoccupied
C)onlooker
D)parallel

Question 76

Which type of play happens when an infant selects novel objects for exploration, especially toys that make noise or bounce?

A)sensorimotor
B)practice
C)pretense/symbolic
D)constructive

Question 77

Todd is playing in his room making creations with building blocks.In which type of play is he engaged?

A)sensorimotor
B)constructive
C)practice
D)games

Question 78

In which country do adolescents have the most leisure time?

A)Japan
B)Sweden
C)the United States
D)Brazil

Question 79

Pretense/symbolic play peaks when a child is _____ year(s) old and gradually declines.

A)1
B)2
C)5
D)8

Question 80

Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone.In which of Bergen's play types is she engaged?

A)pretense/symbolic
B)social
C)games
D)parallel