Deck 4: Demography of Aging

Question 1

In developed countries, women can expect to live _____ years longer than men.

A) six to eight
B) nine to twelve
C) fifteen to seventeen
D) ten to twenty

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following were factors that contributed to the decline in the fertility rate of women between 1971 and 1980 except:

A) the birth control pill.
B) the increase in labor force participation.
C) the increase in educational opportunities for women.
D) the environmental movement.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An example of a middle-aged nation in regard to the population pyramid is:

A) Africa.
B) Japan.
C) Canada
D) South Korea.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One of the most difficult measures on which to obtain precise data is:

A) income.
B) resident.
C) age.
D) family size.

Question 5

The leading cause of death in the United States for the 65 and older population is:

A) cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) stroke.
D) influenza and pneumonia.

Question 6

A _____ displays the age structure of a population.

A) cohort
B) sex ratio
C) population pyramid
D) life span

Question 7

_____ is the greatest number of years any member of a species has been known to survive.

A) Life expectancy
B) Sex ratio
C) Life span
D) Cohort

Question 8

All of the following are ways in which the population age structure changes except:

A) fertility rate.
B) mortality rate.
C) sex ratio.
D) migration.

Question 9

_____ is the study of population processes-fertility, mortality, and migration.

A) Social gerontology
B) Age stratification
C) Demography
D) Life course

Question 10

Identify an accurate statement about the international variations in population aging.

A) The oldest nations are in Asia.
B) The youngest countries are in Latin America and Africa.
C) In low-mortality countries, it is now rare for people to reach 85 and beyond.
D) In every country, men have greater life expectancy than women.

Question 11

In all developed nations, which of the following is a characteristic of the first stage of the demographic transition?

A) The birth rates and death rates are low.
B) Women marry young and have many children.
C) All people survive to old age.
D) Many people easily attain adulthood.

Question 12

There are almost as many echo boomers as baby boomers because of:

A) the increase in fertility of women during the 1980s.
B) the decline in female labor force participation.
C) the number of baby boomers who had children.
D) the decrease in the use of birth control in the 1980s.

Question 13

_____ is another way to measure population aging.

A) Aging index
B) Population pyramid
C) Dependency ratio
D) Sex ratio

Question 14

The central clearinghouse for all national population data in the United States is the:

A) Center for Disease Control.
B) Center for Economic Analyses.
C) National Center on Statistics.
D) Bureau of the Census.

Question 15

Average life expectancy in Africa in the year 2000 was only 46, due to large part to deaths from:

A) pneumonia.
B) HIV/AIDS.
C) avian flu.
D) polio.

Question 16

The fastest growing segment of the population is:

A) young old (65-74 years).
B) middle old (75-84 years).
C) oldest old (85 and over).
D) teenagers (13-18 years).

Question 17

Which of the following typically exerts the least influence on age structure?

A) mortality rates
B) incidence of deaths
C) migration
D) incidence of births

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about the echo boomers?

A) They are the children of the millennials.
B) They are more racially and ethnically diverse than the baby boomers.
C) They are primarily Hispanic and African American.
D) They are currently in their early twenties and likely to live beyond 85.

Question 19

Identify an accurate statement about the ratio of males and females in the world.

A) For every 106 female babies that are born, there are only 100 males.
B) Elderly women greatly outnumber elderly men in most nations.
C) The sex ratio declines progressively over the life course for females.
D) The ratio of males and females remains unaffected by the differences in the survival rates of males and females.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about the changing age structure in the United States?

A) The percentage of population 65 and over decreased drastically between 2000 and 2011.
B) The rate of growth for the population who are 65 and beyond is most likely to decline during the twenty-first century.
C) The population of people 85 and older is expected to triple by 2040.
D) The population of older people was more in the 1940s than in the 2000s.

Question 21

An increase in female life expectancy has numerous consequences. All of the following are consequences except that:

A) the majority of older women are single.
B) the majority of older women are married.
C) women without caretakers are likely to be institutionalized.
D) older women without spouses have higher poverty rates.

Question 22

Immigration and higher birth rates will make the U.S. population more racially and ethnically diverse in the twenty-first century. It is projected that by 2050 the non-Hispanic white population will decline from 87 percent of people 65 and older to only:

A) 15 percent.
B) 30 percent.
C) 50 percent.
D) 78 percent.

Question 23

_____ refers to the mortality rates of African Americans that fall below that of Caucasians.

A) Ethnic crossover
B) Race crossover
C) Age crossover
D) Race advantage

Question 24

All of the following are characteristics of SES except:

A) people with higher income are more likely than the poor to have health insurance and good health care.
B) people with higher income live in less polluted areas and have better access to public services.
C) middle-income people are less likely than the poor to exercise regularly and to control their weight.
D) middle-income people are more likely to eat breakfast and less likely to smoke and drink excessively.

Question 25

A fact related to aging among black adults is that:

A) the mortality rate for African Americans after the age of 85 remains above that of whites.
B) older black adults have lower mortality risk than whites in advanced old age.
C) the life expectancy of black men was higher than that of white men in the 2000s.
D) the life expectancy of black women was higher than that of white women in the 1950s.

Question 26

The subject matter of demography excludes fertility, mortality, and migration.

Question 27

The baby boomers were born to the generation of echo boomers.

Question 28

The elderly dependency ratio is expected to be fewer than _____ workers for each person over 65 in 2030.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 29

A population pyramid displays the age structure of a population.

Question 30

The youngest nations are in Western Europe and North America.

Question 31

One of the most pressing issues of the quality of life in the twenty-first century is:

A) income.
B) social support.
C) health care.
D) housing.

Question 32

The second stage of the demographic transition is characterized by increasing death rates and population decline.

Question 33

Over the last 15 years, the racial differences in mortality rates (higher mortality rates for African Americans) has:

A) declined for men but not women.
B) declined for both men and women.
C) increased significantly.
D) stayed the same.

Question 34

Life expectancy in most nations is higher for males than for females.

Question 35

During stage one of the demographic transition, a population pyramid forms a perfect triangle.

Question 36

In the context of immigration, the largest foreign-born population in the United States predominantly has its origins in:

A) Europe.
B) Africa.
C) Oceana.
D) Latin America.

Question 37

A population becomes "old" when mortality is reduced at all ages, especially among the elderly.

Question 38

All of the following are the consequences of an aging population except:

A) an aging population will increase the burden on the younger population in health care costs and income support.
B) older people will no longer pay taxes.
C) there will be fewer workers to pay social security taxes.
D) there will be demands for health care and housing that cater to older adults' special needs.

Question 39

The Census Bureau makes a national count of the population every ten years.

Question 40

Sex ratio is the number of males to every 100 females.

Question 41

Which cohort do you belong to? What are the defining characteristics of your cohort?

Question 42

What can men do to improve their life expectancy?

Question 43

The greatest declines in mortality occurred during the 1940s and the 1970s.

Question 44

The combined ratio of children and older people to workers is called the total dependency ratio.

Question 45

Older people are more willing to migrate than younger people because they have weaker ties.

Question 46

According to estimates by the U.S. Census, about 20 percent of the total growth of the elderly population in the U.S. from 1992 to 2000 was due to international migration.

Question 47

A younger age structure can lead to a strain on the education system.

Question 48

The decline in the sex ratio among people 85 and older is due to an increase in female life expectancy.

Question 49

An older age structure means less need to care for the frail elderly.

Question 50

Race crossover is an intriguing concept that is fully understood by demographers.

Question 51

The baby boom was caused by a change in life span.