Deck 34: The Plant Body

Question 1

Roses and other broad-leaved flowering plants are examples of

A) monocots.
B) grasses.
C) magnoliids.
D) eudicots.
E) gymnosperms.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Tracheids and vessel elements

A) must die to become functional.
B) are important constituents of all seed plants.
C) have no secondary cell wall.
D) are always accompanied by companion cells.
E) are found only in the secondary plant body.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is a difference between monocots and eudicots?

A) Only eudicots have phytomers.
B) Only monocots have shoot and root apical meristems.
C) Monocot stems do not undergo secondary growth.
D) The vascular bundles of monocot stems are commonly arranged as a cylinder.
E) Eudicot embryos commonly have one cotyledon.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which statement about meristems is not true?

A) They are formed during embryogenesis.
B) They have secondary cell walls.
C) Their cells have small central vacuoles.
D) They are clusters of undifferentiated cells.
E) They retain the ability to produce new cells indefinitely.

Question 5

The primary plant cell wall

A) lies immediately inside the plasma membrane.
B) is an impermeable barrier between cells.
C) is always waterproofed with either lignin or suberin.
D) always consists of a primary wall and a secondary wall, separated by a middle lamella.
E) contains cellulose and other polysaccharides.

Question 6

The pericycle

A) is the innermost layer of the cortex.
B) is the tissue within which lateral roots arise.
C) consists of highly differentiated cells.
D) forms a star-shaped structure at the very center of the root.
E) is waterproofed by suberin.

Question 7

Periderm

A) contains lenticels that allow for gas exchange.
B) is produced during primary growth.
C) is permanent; it lasts as long as the plant does.
D) is the innermost part of the plant.
E) contains vascular bundles.

Question 8

A(n) _______ is the point at which a leaf attaches to a stem.

A) internode
B) bud
C) node
D) apical bud
E) petiole

Question 9

A root is called adventitious if it

A) forms a mycorrhizal association.
B) belongs to a fibrous root system.
C) originates from a stem.
D) is modified for storage.
E) is actively growing.

Question 10

A(n) _______ is an undeveloped shoot.

A) node
B) petiole
C) blade
D) bud
E) root

Question 11

Which statement about parenchyma cells is not true?

A) They are alive when they perform their functions.
B) They typically lack a secondary wall.
C) They often function as storage depots.
D) They are the most common cell type in the plant body.
E) They are found only in stems and roots.

Question 12

Which statement about leaf anatomy is not true?

A) Opening of stomata is controlled by guard cells.
B) The cuticle is secreted by the epidermis.
C) The veins contain xylem and phloem.
D) The cells of the mesophyll are packed together, minimizing air space.
E) The spines of cacti are actually modified leaves.

Question 13

Which of the following is least likely to be formed from an axillary bud?

A) Flower
B) Branch
C) Runner
D) Leaf
E) Root

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a fibrous root system?

A) Deep-growing
B) Consists of thick roots
C) Holds soil well
D) Typical of many eudicots
E) Food storage organ

Question 15

Grasses and other flowering plants with narrow leaves and fibrous or adventitious roots are examples of

A) monocots.
B) gymnosperms.
C) eudicots.
D) magnoliids.
E) Both b and c

Question 16

Unlike fibrous root systems, taproot systems

A) maximize surface area.
B) are used as food storage organs.
C) anchor the plant.
D) hold soil well.
E) transport water and minerals to the stem.

Question 17

The primary function of a typical leaf is

A) photosynthesis.
B) food storage.
C) support.
D) anchorage.
E) absorption.

Question 18

A common function of stems, but not roots, is

A) anchorage.
B) transport.
C) storage.
D) support.
E) absorption.

Question 19

Roots

A) always form a fibrous root system that holds the soil.
B) possess a root cap at their tip.
C) form branches from axillary buds.
D) are commonly photosynthetic.
E) do not show secondary growth.

Question 20

Which of these statements is true of secondary growth, but not primary growth?

A) It occurs in eudicots and monocots.
B) It involves the proliferation of roots and shoots through branching.
C) It derives from the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
D) It occurs in palms.
E) It derives from the shoot apical meristem

Question 21

Unlike primary cell walls, secondary cell walls have

A) plasmodesmata.
B) deposits of lignin.
C) deposits of cellulose.
D) pit pairs.
E) permeability to small molecules.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about parenchyma cells is false?

A) They are the most common cell in the plant.
B) They may contain chloroplasts.
C) They are commonly used for food storage.
D) They are alive at maturity.
E) They usually have thick cell walls.

Question 23

Compared to sclerenchyma, collenchyma cells

A) have more secondary cell wall materials.
B) are variously shaped.
C) can be found in bundles.
D) are used to support the plant.
E) are more flexible.

Question 24

"An organized group of cells, working together as a functional unit" is the definition of a(n)

A) organism.
B) organ.
C) organ system.
D) tissue.
E) tissue system.

Question 25

Stems function in water transport. Which type of cell accomplishes this function?

A) Collenchyma cells
B) Companion cells
C) Parenchyma cells
D) Sclerenchyma cells
E) Vessel elements

Question 26

Cacti are plants with _______ modified for water storage.

A) stems
B) roots
C) branches
D) leaves
E) buds

Question 27

Use the following to answer questions
Match one of the cell types from the list below with each description that follows.

-Bulk of root cells

A)Parenchyma cells
B)Sclerenchyma cells
C)Collenchyma cells

Question 28

The outer layer of cells that protects the plant is called the

A) vascular tissue.
B) endoderm.
C) epidermis.
D) ground tissue.
E) pericycle.

Question 29

Tracheids, vessel elements, and sclereids are similar in that they all

A) lack secondary cell walls.
B) conduct water and minerals.
C) function when dead.
D) have open ends.
E) Both a and b

Question 30

The polysaccharides that make up the primary cell wall

A) are strong but flexible.
B) form a water-tight matrix.
C) are rigid and allow no further expansion.
D) behave independently.
E) are relatively minor contributors to the carbon balance of ecosystems.

Question 31

Plasmodesmata passing between two plant cells travel through

A) the primary cell wall.
B) the secondary cell wall.
C) both the primary and secondary cell walls.
D) neither the primary nor the secondary cell wall.
E) the secondary and sometimes the primary cell wall.

Question 32

Use the following to answer questions
Match one of the cell types from the list below with each description that follows.

-Cells in which photosynthesis occurs

A)Parenchyma cells
B)Sclerenchyma cells
C)Collenchyma cells

Question 33

One function of the ground tissue in a plant is

A) photosynthesis.
B) to protect the plant.
C) to anchor the plant.
D) water conduction.
E) sugar conduction.

Question 34

Use the following to answer questions
Match one of the cell types from the list below with each description that follows.

-Stone cells of pears

A)Parenchyma cells
B)Sclerenchyma cells
C)Collenchyma cells

Question 35

The large central vacuoles and rigid walls of plant cells

A) conserve energy and materials.
B) make the plant less attractive to predators.
C) allow the plant to survive temperature extremes.
D) protect the plant from dessication.
E) promote growth and provide support.

Question 36

Use the following to answer questions
Match one of the cell types from the list below with each description that follows.

-Cells that function when dead

A)Parenchyma cells
B)Sclerenchyma cells
C)Collenchyma cells

Question 37

Cactus spines result from a modification of the same plant organ that produces

A) coconut trunks.
B) maple leaves.
C) strawberry runners.
D) potato tubers.
E) corn adventitious roots.

Question 38

Use the following to answer questions
Match one of the cell types from the list below with each description that follows.

-Cells that support growing organs

A)Parenchyma cells
B)Sclerenchyma cells
C)Collenchyma cells

Question 39

The vascular tissue system of plants has the same function as the _______ system in animals.

A) circulatory
B) digestive
C) excretory
D) reproductive
E) respiratory

Question 40

Aboveground epidermal cells secrete a layer of waxy cutin, called the _______, which helps retard water loss from stems and leaves.

A) lignin
B) suberin
C) cuticle
D) stomata
E) bark

Question 41

In a young root, xylem cells can be observed in the

A) root cap.
B) apical meristem.
C) zone of cell division.
D) zone of cell elongation.
E) zone of cell maturation.

Question 42

Unlike tracheids, vessel elements

A) function when dead.
B) are spindle-shaped.
C) are found primarily in gymnosperms.
D) lose part or all of their end walls.
E) evolved to be progressively longer.

Question 43

Pith occurs in

A) neither monocot roots nor eudicot stems.
B) both monocot and eudicot roots.
C) monocot stems and eudicot roots.
D) monocot roots and eudicot stems.
E) both monocot and eudicot stems and roots.

Question 44

The region of cell division in a primary root is located

A) in the root cap.
B) in the apical meristem.
C) in the region of elongation.
D) in the area containing differentiated tissues.
E) throughout the root.

Question 45

The advantage of the spongy arrangement of mesophyll cells in the lower leaf layer is that it allows for

A) maximum absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis.
B) maximum diffusion of CO₂ in the leaf.
C) maximum movement of water to leaf cells.
D) minimum water loss from the leaf.
E) minimum exchange of O₂ within the leaf.

Question 46

Root hairs are adaptations that

A) increase surface area.
B) defend the plant.
C) reduce water loss.
D) provide active growth.
E) support the plant.

Question 47

In the development of a root, the protoderm gives rise to the

A) cortex.
B) root hairs.
C) endodermis.
D) xylem.
E) pith.

Question 48

In a typical eudicot leaf, most of the chloroplasts are found in the

A) upper epidermal cells.
B) palisade mesophyll cells.
C) bundle sheath cells.
D) phloem cells.
E) guard cells.

Question 49

The meristem is

A) the tip of the stem.
B) the site on the stem where a bud forms.
C) supporting tissue.
D) composed of undifferentiated cells.
E) the base of the leaves.

Question 50

Growth in the diameter of the stems and roots, which is produced by vascular and cork cambia, is called _______ growth.

A) modular
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
E) lateral

Question 51

The _______ is the centermost tissue in a nonwoody eudicot stem.

A) pith
B) xylem
C) phloem
D) pericycle
E) endodermis

Question 52

Unlike primary growth, secondary growth

A) involves growth in plant diameter.
B) involves growth in plant height.
C) is produced by meristems.
D) involves growth by cell elongation.
E) occurs in all eudicots.

Question 53

The xylem tissue of advanced angiosperms typically is distinguished by its

A) elongate tracheids.
B) short, stacked vessel elements.
C) sieve tube elements.
D) companion cells.
E) thick-walled fiber cells.

Question 54

Lateral roots arise from the

A) epidermis.
B) pericycle.
C) endodermis.
D) cortex.
E) pith.

Question 55

The pull of gravity is detected by a root's

A) apical meristem.
B) cap.
C) endodermis.
D) pericycle.
E) region of elongation.

Question 56

Conducting cells called _______ elements are the part of xylem in which water and minerals are transported.

A) tracheary
B) sieve tube
C) sclerenchyma
D) xylem
E) phloem

Question 57

Unlike vessel elements, sieve tube elements

A) are dead at maturity.
B) are stacked end to end.
C) transport substances through the plant.
D) often have companion cells.
E) occur in all plant organs.

Question 58

Which of the following represents the developmental sequence of an individual root cell?

A) Elongation, division, differentiation
B) Differentiation, elongation, division
C) Division, differentiation, elongation
D) Elongation, differentiation, division
E) Division, elongation, differentiation

Question 59

One function of the root's pericycle is to

A) give rise to lateral roots.
B) control the access of water to the vascular tissue.
C) store nutrients.
D) elongate the root.
E) interact with mycorrhizal fungi.

Question 60

Guard cells

A) protect the plant from herbivores.
B) secrete a waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation.
C) contain chemicals that poison insects.
D) control gas exchange.
E) inhibit germination of fungal spores.

Question 61

Moving from the center of a tree trunk outward, which of the following represents the correct order of vascular tissues?

A) Primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem
B) Secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium, primary phloem, secondary phloem
C) Primary xylem, primary phloem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium
D) Primary xylem, primary phloem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, secondary xylem
E) Secondary xylem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, primary xylem, primary phloem

Question 62

Clusters of undifferentiated cells that will form all of the plant's organs are called _______.

Question 63

Lenticels are spongy regions on the surface of some woody stems, which function in

A) water uptake.
B) water conservation.
C) gas exchange.
D) protection of growing layers.
E) support of the plant.

Question 64

A root or stem increases in diameter when

A) primary xylem cells divide.
B) phloem cells divide.
C) primary xylem cells elongate.
D) vascular cambium cells divide.
E) phloem cells elongate.

Question 65

The vascular cambium is located between the _______ and _______.

A) phloem; cork cambium
B) xylem; cork cambium
C) phloem; bark
D) xylem; phloem
E) phloem; ground tissue

Question 66

An important discovery of plant genetics is that

A) in a given species, small genetic differences can lead to large differences in plant form.
B) complexity of structure corresponds to complexity of basic plant components.
C) within plant species there is little variation in form because there is little genetic variation.
D) in a given species , large genetic differences are necessary for large differences in form.
E) large differences in the forms of different species of plants are always caused by large genetic differences.

Question 67

The periderm of a tree functions primarily to

A) transport sugars.
B) form branches.
C) absorb water.
D) protect the inner tissues.
E) support the leaves.

Question 68

The collective term for phelloderm, cork cambium, and cork is

A) pericycle.
B) periderm.
C) phloem.
D) procambium.
E) protoderm.

Question 69

Potatoes are a portion of the _______ of the plant, and their eyes contain lateral _______.

Question 70

In an upright woody stem, vascular rays are composed of _______ cells and conduct materials in a _______ direction.

A) fiber; horizontal
B) tracheids; horizontal
C) secondary xylem; horizontal
D) fiber; vertical
E) parenchyma; vertical

Question 71

The veins of a leaf consist of

A) mesophyll cells.
B) guard cells.
C) stomata.
D) vascular cells.
E) epidermal cells.

Question 72

The widening of a tree trunk is mostly due to the activity of its

A) apical meristem.
B) secondary phloem.
C) phelloderm.
D) vascular cambium.
E) primary xylem.

Question 73

Which of the following is typical of cork cells?

A) Location interior to cork cambium
B) Waxy suberin
C) Water storage
D) Active cell division
E) Abundance in monocots

Question 74

The most common type of differentiated cells in plant bodies are _______ cells.

Question 75

Which of the following is not a function of cork cambium?

A) Protection from microorganisms
B) Minimization of water loss
C) Secondary growth of stems and roots
D) Mineral uptake
E) Breaking off and allowing expansion of tree trunks

Question 76

Annual rings are seen in temperate-zone trees because

A) heartwood cells alternate with sapwood cells.
B) resin is deposited in rings in the stem.
C) cork is deposited in rings in the stem.
D) phelloderm cell size varies with season.
E) xylem cell size varies with season.

Question 77

In which of the following states would you be least likely to find annual rings in eudicot tree trunks?

A) Maine
B) Washington
C) Kansas
D) Arizona
E) Hawaii

Question 78

Summer wood is often darker than spring wood because

A) it has a greater number of knots.
B) less water is available to the tree, resulting in smaller, thicker cells.
C) it is closer to the outer bark.
D) it is a younger wood.
E) the higher temperatures slow the tree's growth.

Question 79

There are many examples of useful domesticated plants in which

A) many crops have been derived from a single species.
B) it is possible to determine how they were domesticated over time.
C) the difference between the crop plant and the wild plant is controlled by a single gene.
D) it is necessary to preserve their seeds to maintain genetic diversity.
E) All of the above

Question 80

In a woody stem, gas exchange occurs through

A) stomata.
B) the waxy cuticle.
C) lenticels.
D) the cork cambium.
E) bundle sheath cells.