Deck 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice

Question 1

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?

A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.

Answer 1

The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.

Question 2

What is the significance of a diagnostic test with a large positive likelihood ratio?

A) It provides only limited predictive value for disease.
B) It provides a high degree of certainty that the patient has the suspected disorder.
C) It mandates other supportive diagnostic tests.
D) It provides little assistance in clinical decision making.

Answer 2

It provides a high degree of certainty that the patient has the suspected disorder.

Question 3

Which type of research findings are considered the strongest available evidence?

A) Meta-analysis
B) Descriptive
C) Case study
D) Narrative

Answer 3

Meta-analysis

Question 4

The statistic a nurse researcher should choose to use in a meta-analysis is what?

A) Survival curve
B) Odds ratio
C) Measure of central tendency
D) Measure of dispersion

Question 5

Applying study results to individual patients or to a specific patient population and communicating findings to patients in a meaningful way is the hallmark of what?

A) Scientific perspectives
B) Clinical practice
C) Meta-analysis
D) EBP

Question 6

What order would be most appropriate for these statements involving development of a focused clinical question, progressing from lowest level to highest level?
A-What is the population of interest?
B-To what will this intervention be compared?
C-What is the intervention of interest?
D-How will the intervention make things better or worse?

A) A, B, C, D
B) D, C, B, A
C) D, B, C, A
D) A, C, B, D

Question 7

Skills needed to consult the literature and answer a clinical question are known as what?

A) Informatics
B) Database searching
C) Information literacy
D) Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Question 8

What type of study would be most appropriate if a nurse researcher wants to answer a question about a patient's likely course in a disease trajectory?

A) Experimental
B) Longitudinal
C) Cross-sectional
D) Methodological
E) Quasi-experimental

Question 9

In reviewing product materials, which reported precision confidence interval (CI) would make the nurse researcher interested in purchasing the product?

A) CI of 2-100 mm
B) CI of 15-75 mm
C) CI of 25-75 mm
D) CI of 2-5 mm

Question 10

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret an odds ratio less than 1.0?

A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than in the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than in the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.

Question 11

Which database is most likely to yield the highest-level evidence for a nurse researcher?

A) Psychological abstracts
B) Google.com
C) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
D) Cochrane Review

Question 12

What term is used for the ability of a test or technique to detect a disease when present?

A) Specificity
B) Confidence interval
C) Survival curve
D) Sensitivity

Question 13

A nurse researcher reviewing an experimental study notices that one group received the "gold standard" treatment. This should be most accurately interpreted as what?

A) Experimental treatment
B) No treatment
C) Nonconventional treatment
D) Current standard of treatment

Question 14

In an experiment, when a value is obtained that shows no difference between the treatment and control group, the value is considered to be what?

A) Causal
B) Sensitivity
C) Null
D) Positively predictive

Question 15

A nurse researcher critiquing a research study notes that a confidence interval (CI) is too large for a new therapy to be clinically meaningful. What likely contributed to this statistical outcome?

A) Strong power level
B) Quantitative experimental design
C) Statistical analysis
D) Too small a sample

Question 16

What type of study would be most appropriate if the nurse researcher is seeking to answer a question about the effectiveness of a particular treatment?

A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Exploratory
D) Quasi-experimental
E) Qualitative

Question 17

To assess the efficacy of a specific intervention, which type of clinical category should the student investigate in appraising study results?

A) Therapy
B) Sensitivity and specificity
C) Prognosis
D) Harm

Question 18

The vertical line in a graphic of a systematic review represents what?

A) An odds ratio of 1
B) The 95% CI
C) The findings from an individual study
D) The amount of information in an individual study

Question 19

What type of study would be most appropriate if a nurse researcher wants to determine if historical exposure to a specific water source is associated with later development of inflammatory bowel disease?

A) Ex post facto design
B) Experimental design
C) Qualitative design
D) Therapeutic design

Question 20

Which term is used to describe the reduction of risk because of an experimental treatment?

A) Relative risk reduction
B) Number needed to treat
C) Control event rate
D) Absolute risk reduction

Question 21

Which questions determine a researcher's selection of a relevant, credible article? (Select all that apply.)

A) Who or what paid for the research?
B) Is the setting of the study similar to my study?
C) Is the sample of the study similar to mine?
D) Was the article peer reviewed?

Question 22

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret a relative risk that is less than 1.0?

A) There is no difference between the experimental and control group outcomes.
B) The risk of the event is reduced in EER compared with CER.
C) The risk of an event is greater in EER compared with CER.
D) Difference in risk of outcome between patients who have had the event and those who have not.

Question 23

From top to bottom, what are the study designs associated with the strongest level of evidence base? (Select all that apply.)

A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Correlational
D) Descriptive study
E) Phenomenal

Question 24

Which information regarding a new algorithm for pressure support surface selection should be interpreted as favorable for adoption of the algorithm? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is solely clinically focused.
B) It was recently published.
C) It is endorsed by two prominent wound care organizations.
D) It is based on two systematic reviews from Cochrane Library.

Question 25

A nurse researcher is seeking studies whose outcomes are described with a measure of precision about the studies' results. The statistical descriptions the researcher will seek include what? (Select all that apply.)

A) The t test
B) Correlation
C) Standard deviation
D) CI
E) Mean

Question 26

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret a relative risk that is equal to 1.0?

A) There is no difference between the experimental and control group outcomes.
B) The risk of the event is reduced in EER compared with CER.
C) The risk of an event is greater in EER compared with CER.
D) Difference in risk of outcome between patients who have had the event and those who have not.

Question 27

Types of EBP clinical categories include what? (Select all that apply.)

A) Therapy
B) Diagnosis
C) Prognosis
D) Harm
E) Hazard

Question 28

Therapy-type articles are associated with outcome variables that are categorized as what? (Select all that apply.)

A) Continuous
B) Isolated
C) Rich text
D) Dichotomous

Question 29

Absolute risk reduction is most accurately calculated as what?

A) EER + CER
B) EER - CER/CER
C) EER - CER
D) EER/CER

Question 30

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret an odds ratio equal to 1.0?

A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than in the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than in the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.

Question 31

Relative risk reduction is most accurately calculated as what?

A) EER + CER
B) EER - CER/CER
C) EER - CER
D) EER/CER

Question 32

A nurse is investigating the literature on a clinical topic and is particularly interested in studies that are experimental. What other terms may the nurse encounter in a literature search? (Select all that apply.)

A) Randomized controlled trials
B) Intervention studies
C) Individual studies
D) Prognostic studies

Question 33

How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret a relative risk that is greater than 1.0?

A) There is no difference between the experimental and control group outcomes.
B) The risk of the event is reduced in experimental event rate (EER) compared with control event rate (CER).
C) The risk of an event is greater in EER compared with CER.
D) It is the difference in risk of outcome between patients who have had the event and those who have not.