Deck 11: Schizophrenia

Question 1

Which subtype of schizophrenia is characterized by unusual physical activity from not moving for hours to wild excitement and flailing about?

A)disorganized
B)paranoid
C)catatonic
D)undifferentiated

Answer 1

catatonic

Question 2

Most hallucinations experienced by those with schizophrenia are

A)visual.
B)tactile.
C)auditory.
D)olfactory.

Answer 2

auditory.

Question 3

Carla has schizophrenia.Which of her symptoms is most likely to be present outside of an acute episode of schizophrenia?

A)Hearing a voice telling her she is not good at her job.
B)Thinking that her thoughts are being broadcast so others can read them.
C)Not showering for days on end.
D)None of the above are correct.

Answer 3

Not showering for days on end.

Question 4

"My thoughts get all jumbled up.I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence,I find myself talking about something else instead." This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)delusions
B)loose associations
C)alogia
D)avolition

Question 5

Anhedonia as a symptom of schizophrenia refers to lack of

A)emotional expression.
B)interest or pleasure.
C)coherent speech.
D)speech.

Question 6

Roger has a vacant stare.He answers questions in an apathetic,monotone voice,and shows no emotion,even when discussing events such as his mother's death.Roger's affect would be described as

A)depressed.
B)inappropriate.
C)blasé.
D)flat.

Question 7

Mark's parents bring him to see a psychologist because they believe Mark is experiencing delusions.What piece of information would most indicate that Mark had schizophrenia and not some other diagnosis?

A)His delusions only come when his parents are around.
B)His delusions are highly implausible.
C)His delusions have persisted for more than 5 years.
D)His delusions involve other people.

Question 8

When an individual with schizophrenia shows flat affect,that individual

A)does not experience emotions.
B)does not express emotions.
C)does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 9

During an acute episode of schizophrenia,the most prominent symptom(s)is/are

A)disorientation.
B)positive symptoms.
C)difficulty concentrating.
D)inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

Question 10

The following are examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

A)social support,physical health
B)low activity level,lack of intense emotional responses
C)hallucinations and delusions
D)coping skills,which are different for different individuals and help them to manage their illness

Question 11

The symptom alogia refers to lack of

A)intelligence.
B)energy and interest.
C)emotional response.
D)meaningful talk.

Question 12

James is struggling with schizophrenia.He also finds it difficult to experience pleasure from activities that he enjoyed before his symptoms began.This is an example of

A)alogia.
B)anhedonia.
C)avolition.
D)asociality.

Question 13

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as

A)positive,neutral,and negative.
B)positive,negative,and disorganized.
C)organized,positive,and negative.
D)organized,disorganized,and negative.

Question 14

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)flat affect,lack of initiative
B)hallucinations and delusions
C)difficulty concentrating,low intelligence,poor memory
D)catatonic immobility,waxy flexibility

Question 15

Catatonia is characterized by a disturbance of

A)motor functions.
B)thought form.
C)attention and perception.
D)affect.

Question 16

James suffers from schizophrenia and flails his limbs wildly with excitement.This is most appropriately labeled as

A)catatonia.
B)mania.
C)hallucinations.
D)delusions.

Question 17

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following? "I was just walking and there are wolves.When it's colder than ice cream.But I'm not fat.I go to school in the mountains."

A)hallucinations
B)anhedonia
C)loose associations
D)inappropriate affect

Question 18

Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions,a large majority experience

A)delusions of persecution.
B)thought broadcast.
C)delusions of impulses imposed by others.
D)hallucinations with the delusions.

Question 19

Carlos has schizophrenia and is living with his parents.One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity,and once started,he is unable to finish.This is an example of

A)akathisia.
B)anhedonia.
C)avolition.
D)alogia.

Question 20

"When I am trying to relax and read a book,my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate." This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom?

A)affective
B)motor
C)positive
D)negative

Question 21

Indirect support for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia arose from

A)cases of amphetamine psychosis.
B)the finding of higher levels of homovanillic acid in the blood of schizophrenics.
C)the development of catatonia when psychotic episodes end.
D)blockage of dopamine reuptake by antipsychotic medications.

Question 22

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed,she giggled quietly.This is an example of

A)flat affect.
B)inappropriate affect.
C)anhedonia.
D)incoherence.

Question 23

The genetic data for schizophrenia is still not completely conclusive because

A)the role of the environment has not been completely accounted for.
B)the distinction between genotype and phenotype has not been elucidated.
C)stressors during birth have not been investigated.
D)most adoptive parents know the child had a schizophrenic relative.

Question 24

The concordance rate of schizophrenia for fraternal twins is about

A)12%.
B)45%.
C)75%.
D)95%.

Question 25

Which of the following findings led to the conclusion that schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine activity?

A)Parkinson's disease is known to be caused by excess levels of dopamine.
B)People with Parkinson's disease are more likely to develop schizophrenia.
C)Drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side-effects similar to Parkinson's disease.
D)All of the above are correct findings.

Question 26

Studies of children whose mothers had schizophrenia but were raised by adopted parents indicate

A)that there is not a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
B)that there is a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
C)that children who were adopted into homes with low EE were more likely to develop schizophrenia.
D)These studies have been inconclusive.

Question 27

Which of the following is a limitation of both family studies and twin studies of schizophrenia?

A)Both methods employ self-report measures only.
B)Both methods use too broad a definition of schizophrenia.
C)Neither method accounts for the role of shared-environment.
D)Neither method distinguishes between subtypes of schizophrenia.

Question 28

In regards to studies identifying chromosomal locations of genes involved in schizophrenia,

A)there are a few locations that researchers are certain to be involved in the disorder.
B)the results of these studies are simply too varied to justify any firm conclusions.
C)chromosomes 1,2,5,and 6 have been implicated in all of the studies to date.
D)we now know that schizophrenia is a purely genetic disorder.

Question 29

Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife.He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him,telling him to kill himself.Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife's spirit.Howard recovered from this episode after one week.What DSM-IV-TR diagnosis would fit Howard's case?

A)schizophreniform disorder
B)brief psychotic disorder
C)reactive schizophrenia
D)process schizophrenia

Question 30

The dopamine theory of schizophrenia appears incomplete because anti-psychotic drugs

A)affect many non-dopamine tracts in the brain.
B)take effect before they have reduced dopamine.
C)must reduce dopamine below normal to be effective.
D)are ineffective with a significant minority of patients.

Question 31

Mr.Hart spends long hours sitting in a chair with his arms behind his back and his left leg tucked under.No matter what is going on around him,he remains in this position.This is an example of which symptom of schizophrenia?

A)somatic passivity
B)waxy flexibility
C)catatonic immobility
D)inappropriate affect

Question 32

Sam believes the Queen of England is in love with him.He does not have any other symptoms.His most likely diagnosis would be

A)schizophreniform disorder.
B)schizoaffective disorder.
C)delusional disorder.
D)bipolar disorder with delusions.

Question 33

Of schizophrenic symptoms,the ones with the higher genetic component are

A)negative symptoms.
B)delusions.
C)positive symptoms.
D)persecution delusions.

Question 34

Which of the following suggests that dopamine receptors are mainly related to positive (not negative)symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)Antipsychotic drugs reduce only positive symptoms.
B)Administering dopamine produces little increase in positive symptoms.
C)MRIs of schizophrenics with positive symptoms show more receptors.
D)Parkinson's Disease involves similar symptoms.

Question 35

Family studies of the genetic basis for schizophrenia look at

A)the rate of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
B)concordance for schizophrenia in cultures where incest is relatively common.
C)the likelihood that a patient with schizophrenia will have children.
D)the effects of being raised by a patient with schizophrenia.

Question 36

Two promising gene candidates in studies of schizophrenia mentioned in the text are

A)DTNB1 and NGR1
B)DTNB1 and 5-HTT
C)NGR1 and SCHZ
D)SCHZ and 5-HTT

Question 37

The text concludes that research has shown that genetic factors in schizophrenia are

A)not yet distinguished from environmental factors.
B)primarily linked to positive symptoms.
C)only weak contributors at best.
D)clearly important.

Question 38

Which is a problem with the subtypes of schizophrenia in the DSM?

A)They are not clearly defined.
B)They each have different responses to treatment.
C)Each one describes a broad range of behaviors.
D)The symptoms overlap.

Question 39

Which of the following findings presents a serious challenge to the theory of schizophrenia that proposes an excess amount of dopamine to be at the core of this disorder?

A)Antipsychotic drugs relieve the symptoms of both drug psychoses and the psychosis of schizophrenia.
B)Homovanillic acid,the major metabolite of dopamine,is not present in greater amounts in schizophrenics.
C)Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are reduced by antipsychotic drugs more than negative symptoms.
D)None of the above represents a challenge to the dopamine activity theory.

Question 40

Which is required as part of the DSM-IV-TR definition of schizophrenia?

A)acute onset of symptoms
B)symptoms for at least six months
C)family history of schizophrenia
D)dopamine imbalance

Question 41

If a pregnant woman contracts influenza while pregnant,the risk of schizophrenia to the unborn child is greatest if she gets sick

A)during the first trimester.
B)during the first month.
C)during the second trimester.
D)at any time during pregnancy.

Question 42

Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the

A)schizophrenogenic mother theory.
B)triangulation theory.
C)expressed emotion theory.
D)dopamine theory.

Question 43

Michael suffers from schizophrenia and was recently released from the hospital.Which of his behaviors are most likely to elicit critical comments from his family when he returns home?

A)Believing that NASA has planted a tracking device in his head.
B)Sitting on the couch for most of the day and refusing to go for walks with his mother,an activity he greatly enjoyed before his hospitalization.
C)Hearing a voice telling him to kill himself.
D)Wearing a winter coat,galoshes,and a ski mask while inside the house.

Question 44

Before their first psychotic break,pre-schizophrenic children in one early study were found to:

A)have lower IQ's than their peers.
B)be more disagreeable.
C)have poor motor skills.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the current view on communication deviance?

A)When severe,communication deviance within a family alone is sufficient to produce schizophrenia in a normal child.
B)Communication deviance within a family plays little role in the development of schizophrenia.
C)Deviant communication within a family has been found to predict pathology,but this relationship is not specific to schizophrenia.
D)Communication deviance is a significant risk factor for schizophrenia and lowers the threshold of the stressor necessary to product a first psychotic break.

Question 46

According to the family theory of schizophrenia,a schizophrenogenic mother would be described as

A)emotionally cold and domineering.
B)overly warm and subtly seductive.
C)also having schizophrenia.
D)carrying a recessive gene for schizophrenia.

Question 47

A consistent brain abnormality found among people with schizophrenia is

A)frontal lobe enlargement.
B)parietal lobe enlargement.
C)enlarged ventricles.
D)interrupted tracts in the reticular formation.

Question 48

Studies of socioeconomic class (SES)and schizophrenia find that the rate of schizophrenia

A)is about equal in all SESs.
B)has increased in lower SESs in the last decade.
C)is sharply higher in the lowest SES.
D)goes up as SES goes down.

Question 49

Mr.Bradley was diagnosed with schizophrenia seven years ago.Prior to the onset of his illness,he was attending medical school and planning to be a pediatrician.However,his delusions and hallucinations made it impossible for him to finish school,and after attempting a series of lower-level jobs,Mr.Bradley gave up on being able to keep a job or earn a living.He now lives in a run-down hotel on skid row.Mr.Bradley's story fits the ___________________ theory of social class and schizophrenia.

A)schizophrenogenic
B)high-risk
C)sociogenic
D)social-selection

Question 50

In people with schizophrenia,the amount of gray matter in the temporal and frontal cortexes is

A)more than normal.
B)normal.
C)full of holes and lesions.
D)less than normal.

Question 51

Congenital factors in schizophrenia are suggested by data showing increased risk of schizophrenia in children whose mothers __________ while pregnant.

A)were highly stressed
B)were exposed to the flu
C)drank excessively
D)had a protein-deficient diet

Question 52

Research suggests the brain abnormalities found in those with schizophrenia may be due to

A)long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.
B)pregnancy and birth complications.
C)chronic confused cognitive patterns.
D)childhood malnutrition.

Question 53

A puzzling finding from research on medication for schizophrenia is that

A)a therapeutic effect is only produced when dopamine levels drop below normal.
B)medications that influence other neurotransmitter systems have no effect.
C)there is no association between degree of brain abnormality and medication effect.
D)medications do not appear to affect schizophrenia attributed primarily to the environment.

Question 54

The social-selection theory proposes that

A)poverty causes schizophrenia.
B)schizophrenia causes poverty.
C)social discrimination causes both schizophrenia and poverty.
D)poverty and schizophrenia are not related.

Question 55

In which parts of the brain of those with schizophrenia are abnormalities most commonly found?

A)parietal and temporal lobes
B)prefrontal cortex and ventricles
C)corpus callosum and amygdala
D)limbic system and parietal lobe

Question 56

Mr.Cook grew up in severely impoverished circumstances.His mother was unmarried and homeless,and Mr.Cook and his six siblings lived on the streets or in shelters for most of their childhood.They had little formal education or opportunity to make progress in the world.After 17 years of this life,Mr.Cook had his first psychotic episode while digging through a trash can looking for food for his mother;he heard voices telling him to take off his clothes and eat them.Shortly thereafter,Mr.Cook was picked up by police,taken to a psychiatric hospital,and diagnosed as schizophrenic.Mr.Cook's story fits the _______________ theory of social class and schizophrenia.

A)schizophrenogenic
B)high-risk
C)sociogenic
D)social-selection

Question 57

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between EE (expressed emotion)and unusual thoughts in a person with schizophrenia?

A)Critical comments made by family members lead a person with schizophrenia to have more unusual thoughts
B)Unusual thoughts by the patient lead the family of a person with schizophrenia to be more critical
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b

Question 58

Which of the following have been proposed as likely contributors to the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia?

A)stress reactivity and a disrupted amygdala
B)anxiety and brain damage
C)anxiety and limbic over-arousal
D)stress reactivity and a disrupted HPA axis

Question 59

Data on expressed emotion (EE)indicates that those with schizophrenia are more likely to relapse (that is,return to the hospital)if their families

A)are cool,calm,unemotional and aloof.
B)are uninvolved.
C)are critical and over-involved with them.
D)provide excessive emotional support and encouragement.

Question 60

Research examining childhood predictors of schizophrenia would employ which of the following research methods?

A)case study
B)epidemiological
C)correlational
D)high-risk

Question 61

Data from high-risk studies suggests that patients with predominantly positive symptoms had childhoods characterized by

A)pregnancy and birth complications.
B)schizophrenogenic mothers.
C)family instability.
D)antisocial behavior.

Question 62

A possible side effect of antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia is akathisia,

A)the inability to remain still.
B)constant aching of muscles.
C)severe confusion.
D)severe vertigo.

Question 63

In terms of treating schizophrenia,Freud believed

A)hypnosis could cure all of the neuroses associated with the disorder.
B)talk therapy could work,but only after many years of frequent sessions.
C)catharsis was the mechanism of change that allowed patients to release their inner demons.
D)those with the disorder were incapable of establishing the close interpersonal relationship essential for psychoanalysis.

Question 64

The text points out that the appropriateness of a given treatment for schizophrenia depends on

A)how many medications the patient can tolerate.
B)the ratio of positive to negative symptoms the patient experiences.
C)the stage of illness that the patient is in.
D)how biologically-based the patient's disorder is.

Question 65

Patients whose schizophrenia is characterized primarily by negative symptoms

A)had more expressive behavioral problems in youth.
B)had more complications during pregnancy.
C)were more likely to have academic difficulties.
D)were treated for severe anemia as children.

Question 66

Sam is being treated with medication for schizophrenia.He involuntarily smacks his lips and seems unable to control his motor movements.Sam most probably is suffering from

A)extrapyramidal side effects.
B)tardive dyskinesia.
C)dystonia.
D)neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 67

Family therapy with families of individuals with schizophrenia commonly emphasizes

A)discouraging inappropriate behavior.
B)education about schizophrenia.
C)minimizing use of drugs.
D)genetic counseling.

Question 68

A recent review of 37 longitudinal studies of people after their first episode of schizophrenia found that

A)psychosocial treatments predicted no benefit above and beyond medication.
B)medication was useless in treating the disorder long periods of time.
C)the combination of medication and psychosocial treatment predicted the best outcome.
D)medication alone predicted the best outcome.

Question 69

In schizophrenia research,prodrome refers to

A)neurobehavioral functioning in the disorder.
B)positive symptomatology in the disorder.
C)intellectual functioning in the disorder.
D)the period before a person meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but nonetheless shows some symptoms.

Question 70

Clozapine,a newer medication for schizophrenia,has which dangerous potential side effect that requires close monitoring during administration?

A)a sudden decrease in liver functioning.
B)deterioration of spinal fluid integrity.
C)loss of white blood cells.
D)decreased insulin production.

Question 71

Commonly reported side effects of the antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia include

A)sedation,dizziness,and sexual dysfunction.
B)depression,anxiety,and confusion.
C)hallucinations,delusions,and disorganized speech.
D)None of the above;antipsychotics were created to eliminate side effects present in previous medications.

Question 72

Connie is receiving psychological therapy for schizophrenia.A major focus has been practicing more effective methods for dealing with others,as well as basic life skills such as ordering in restaurants,filling out applications for employment,and reading train schedules.She is likely receiving

A)ego-analysis.
B)psychoeducation.
C)social skills training.
D)token economy.

Question 73

A problem with any kind of treatment for schizophrenia is that

A)some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all
B)the disorder is biologically based,so only medications can help.
C)all therapies are upsetting to patients.
D)they rarely help.

Question 74

What is a goal of recent therapy efforts with the families of individuals with schizophrenia?

A)To provide insight into family patterns that produced the schizophrenia.
B)To relieve guilt and help family shield the schizophrenic from social disgrace.
C)To encourage the family to support more independence for the person with schizophrenia.
D)To teach constructive ways of expressing feelings and resolving conflicts.

Question 75

Families with a member with schizophrenia are now encouraged to

A)begin preventive efforts,since other family members are likely to develop schizophrenia themselves without early intervention.
B)place their mentally ill family member in long-term,out-of-home care.
C)join support groups and organizations for the mentally ill,to help reduce stigma and isolation.
D)All of the above are encouraged.

Question 76

What is the term for research studies that follow the development of children born to mothers with schizophrenia?

A)schizophrenogenic mother studies
B)maternal matrix studies
C)family studies
D)high-risk studies

Question 77

The traditional drugs for treating schizophrenia

A)enable schizophrenics to adjust to hospital life.
B)commonly produce depressive side-effects.
C)generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
D)are effective with less than half of schizophrenics.

Question 78

A recent comprehensive randomized controlled clinical trial of medication for schizophrenia compared four second generation drugs and one first generation drug against one another.Which of the following was NOT a finding of this study?

A)The second generation drugs were not more effective than the older,first generation drug
B)The second generation drugs were much more effective than the older,first generation drug
C)The second generation drugs did not produce fewer unpleasant side effects.
D)Nearly three-quarters of the people stopped taking the medications before the 18 months of the study design had ended

Question 79

What is MATRICS?

A)The set of chromosomes in which researchers believe the schizophrenia genes are located.
B)A collaborative project aimed at developing new medications for schizophrenia.
C)A new type of antipsychotic medication.
D)A set of neurological tests for examining the cognitive functioning of people with schizophrenia.

Question 80

Research has shown that people being treated with some of the newer antipsychotic medications are less likely to drop out of treatment.Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact?

A)The newer medications are far more effective than the older medications which encourage people to continue to take their medication.
B)The newer medications increase insight.That is,people taking the medications realize that they are sick and need the drugs.
C)Compared to the older antipsychotics,the newer drugs can be discontinued after achieving the desired therapeutic gain.
D)Compared to the older antipsychotics,the newer drugs have less extreme and intrusive side effects.