Deck 9: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Cathy stopped eating meals over two months ago.Now,she eats very little,and only when under some family pressure.She has lost over 22 pounds,and is now about 15% below normal body weight for her height.She probably

A)has anorexia,restricting type.
B)has anorexia,binge-eating-purging type.
C)has bulimia nervosa.
D)is also abusing illicit drugs.

Answer 1

has anorexia,restricting type.

Question 2

Starting with the DSM-IV,eating disorders were listed as

A)disorders beginning in childhood or adolescence.
B)somatization disorders.
C)psychological factors affecting medical condition.
D)a separate diagnostic category.

Answer 2

a separate diagnostic category.

Question 3

As compared to anorexia nervosa,the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with

A)higher mortality rates.
B)lower mortality rates.
C)equal mortality rates.
D)None of the above;data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist

Answer 3

lower mortality rates.

Question 4

Regina visits her family physician.Her weight is 90 pounds although she believes she is overweight.She 'snacks' on laxatives,and restricts her eating to one small meal a day,after which she exercises for two hours.Her physical exam is likely to reveal that she has

A)lowered heart rate and blood pressure.
B)calcium deposits.
C)improved muscle tone.
D)fibroid tumors.

Question 5

The easiest way to distinguish between bulimia and anorexia nervosa is

A)bingeing.
B)a higher rate of psychological distress.
C)pronounced weight loss.
D)depression.

Question 6

As compared to those with the restricting type,people with anorexia nervosa binge-eating-purging type typically have

A)more severe overall psychopathology.
B)less severe overall psychopathology.
C)equally severe overall psychopathology.
D)None of the above;no data currently exists regarding differences between the two types of anorexia nervosa.

Question 7

Betsy is excessively concerned that she is becoming fat and restricts her eating to avoid such a consequence.She weighs approximately 20% less than normal body weight given her height.At times,she will sit down with her family and eat a full meal,but immediately afterwards takes several laxatives.Betsy most likely

A)has anorexia,restricting type.
B)has anorexia,binge-eating-purging type.
C)has bulimia nervosa.
D)has binge-eating disorder.

Question 8

A physiological effect of anorexia nervosa is

A)growing heavier,darker hair.
B)amenorrhea (loss or irregularity of menstrual period).
C)high blood pressure.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Binge eating disorder is characterized by binging

A)between periods of starvation.
B)despite guilt over weight gain.
C)with weight under 85% of normal.
D)without compensatory behaviors.

Question 10

What is the most likely prognosis for a woman with anorexia nervosa?

A)She will regain normal weight as she enters puberty.
B)She will develop bulimia nervosa.
C)She will enter treatment and maintain normal weight following treatment.
D)She will eventually recover,but continue to struggle with the disorder for many years.

Question 11

During binge episodes,many bulimics

A)feel a great sense of control.
B)experience a feeling of being out of control.
C)feel very satisfied.
D)None of the above choices are correct.

Question 12

Beatrice has lost control of her eating.She gorges on huge amounts of high fat fast foods,eating as much as 2000 calories in 30 minutes.She is gaining weight rapidly,and weighs over 170 pounds.Which disorder fits Beatrice's symptoms best?

A)binge eating disorder
B)anorexia nervosa
C)obesity
D)bulimia nervosa

Question 13

The DSM-IV-TR categorizes bulimia nervosa as

A)an organic mental disorder.
B)psychological factors affecting a medical condition.
C)a subtype of anorexia nervosa.
D)an eating disorder separate from anorexia nervosa.

Question 14

There is a close tie between anorexia nervosa and

A)depression.
B)stealing.
C)suicide.
D)hypertension.

Question 15

In bulimia nervosa,binge eating typically

A)involves sweets.
B)occurs while alone.
C)occurs after a negative social interaction.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 16

Prior to the onset of bulimia,sufferers often

A)have anorexia nervosa.
B)are overweight and dieting.
C)have attempted suicide.
D)have higher than normal levels of serotonin.

Question 17

The feature common to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

A)refusal to maintain normal body weight.
B)fear of gaining weight.
C)purging to prevent weight gain.
D)None of the above is correct

Question 18

A new diagnosis among eating disorders in the DSM-IV-TR,requiring additional study,is

A)bulimarexia.
B)binge eating disorder.
C)dysmorphia disorder.
D)None of the above choices are correct

Question 19

Individuals with binge eating disorder are

A)relatively confident with their body image.
B)more likely to be white than black.
C)often obese.
D)less likely to have a history of dieting than people with anorexia nervosa.

Question 20

People with anorexia nervosa

A)stop eating because of an abnormal increase in blood sugar,which alters their perceptions of hunger.
B)fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating.
C)have lost their appetite,leading them to stop eating.
D)stop eating but do not lose weight.

Question 21

In 2006,____ of men and women in the US were obese.

A)10%
B)25%
C)33%
D)66%

Question 22

Bingeing in a person with anorexia nervosa is most likely to happen

A)after family conflict.
B)after a lapse in a strict diet.
C)after struggling with the disorder for at least one year.
D)None of the above;bingeing appears to happen randomly in anorexia.

Question 23

Paula scored higher on a measure of dietary restraint than did Roberta.Based on this information,recent research suggests that

A)Roberta would be more likely to have bulimia nervosa.
B)Paula probably has anorexia nervosa.
C)Roberta will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
D)Paula will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.

Question 24

Recent research has begun to focus on the role of ________ in eating behavior.

A)norepinephrine
B)the hypothalamus
C)dopamine
D)serotonin

Question 25

Which of the following is most prevalent?

A)binge eating disorder
B)anorexia nervosa,binge-eating-purging type
C)anorexia nervosa,restricting type
D)bulimia nervosa

Question 26

Studies of perfectionism in anorexia nervosa indicate that which of the following statements would be most typical of an anorexic?

A)"I must complete all my work before I can enjoy a night out."
B)"I can't stand it when my boyfriend lets me down by not buying me flowers on special occasions.
C)"I've got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship."
D)"I can't possibly be expected to meet the unrealistically high standards that my parents have set for me."

Question 27

The role of serotonin

A)is well understood in anorexia.
B)is well understood in bulimia.
C)is well understood in both anorexia and bulimia.
D)is better understood in bulimia than anorexia.

Question 28

Although the hypothalamus has been considered a part of the biological etiology of anorexia,a limitation of this account is

A)it fails to account for purging episodes.
B)there is no accounting for the obsession with food.
C)it lacks an adaptive feature.
D)the lack of attention paid to neurotransmitter systems known to be dysfunctional in anorexia.

Question 29

Genetic influences on eating disorders are

A)a substantial factor.
B)a minor factor.
C)more important for anorexia nervosa.
D)more important for bulimia nervosa.

Question 30

If your sister has anorexia nervosa and you are female,

A)you are over ten times more likely than average to have the disorder yourself.
B)your mother is likely alcoholic.
C)you are three times more likely than average to have anorexia nervosa.
D)there is no greater risk to you for developing an eating disorder.

Question 31

Eating disorders are usually caused by

A)genetic disposition.
B)neurochemical imbalance.
C)sociocultural pressures.
D)a combination of factors.

Question 32

Which of the following brain mechanisms have been implicated in anorexia?

A)Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high which reinforces not eating.
B)With puberty,female hormones increase dramatically and damage centers which control eating in the thalamus and pituitary.
C)Excessive exercise depletes the brain of neurotransmitters utilized by areas that regulate hunger or satiation.
D)Stress-released hormones reduce the sensitivity of receptors that detect blood-sugar levels and release hormones that induce hunger.

Question 33

In eating disorders,endogenous opioids

A)are at low levels,leading to a euphoric state.
B)are likely reinforcing.
C)are released by purging,leading to euphoria.
D)are decreased by bingeing,leading to euphoria.

Question 34

Leslie's parents raised her with little attention to her needs.Her mother fed her when it was convenient for her schedule,disregarding whether Leslie was hungry or not.Some years later,Leslie developed anorexia.This illustrates which theoretical point of view?

A)psychodynamic
B)interpersonal
C)cognitive-behavioral
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 35

Twin studies of eating disorders have shown

A)environmental factors to be of greater influence than genetic factors.
B)higher concordance amongst monozygotic (MZ)twins compared to dizygotic (DZ)twins.
C)that genes do not affect personality characteristics associated with eating disorders.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 36

In the cognitive-behavioral view,the non-eating of anorexics is reinforced by

A)reducing anxiety about being fat.
B)reducing sexual demands from males.
C)attention of overly concerned family members.
D)increased time and energy for studies.

Question 37

Which of the following is defined,in part,by the absence of purging?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)binge eating disorder
D)Purging occurs in all of these conditions

Question 38

The neurotransmitter most closely associated with eating disorders is

A)epinephrine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)opioid.
D)serotonin.

Question 39

The cognitive-behavioral view of bulimia suggests that binges result from

A)breaking self-rules about dieting.
B)ambivalence over social pressure to be thin.
C)excessive desire for peer approval.
D)not accepting responsibility for actions.

Question 40

Research regarding the role of the hypothalamus in anorexia nervosa indicates that

A)the hypothalamus is damaged in most individuals with anorexia.
B)hypothalamus dysfunction is the most likely explanation for the fact that people with anorexia do not experience hunger.
C)the hypothalamus appears to be overactive in people with anorexia,leading to binge eating.
D)dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.

Question 41

After looking through a fashion magazine,Daisy feels fat and is ashamed of her body.She doubts that she will ever be as thin as the models she sees in the magazine.Which theory explains Daisy's reactions to the magazine?

A)biosocial theory
B)expectancy theory
C)objectification theory
D)self-deprecating theory

Question 42

The difference in the incidence of eating disorders between whites and African Americans has been largely attributed to

A)genetic factors.
B)family environment factors.
C)socioeconomic status rather than race.
D)errors in diagnosis.

Question 43

Which is NOT a disadvantage of medication in the treatment of bulimia?

A)relapses when medication is stopped.
B)it controls only binging,not purging.
C)unpleasant side effects.
D)high dropout rates.

Question 44

Regarding family influences on eating disorders,most anorexics and bulimics report

A)high levels of familial support.
B)low family conflict but high support as well.
C)low levels of familial support.
D)high levels of familial conflict.

Question 45

Recent studies on cognitive-behavioral factors involved in bulimia nervosa have shown that bingeing and purging may function as means of

A)relieving stress and negative affect.
B)increasing energy and thus mood.
C)feeling in control of the situation.
D)distracting oneself from inner pain.

Question 46

Adelaide,who has bulimia,is being treated solely with Prozac.If she stops taking the drug,she will most likely

A)relapse.
B)become obese.
C)develop anorexia nervosa.
D)maintain normal eating patterns over the long term.

Question 47

The text asserts that psychologists need to consider what when evaluating the personalities of people with anorexia and bulimia?

A)How Axis I disorders affect presentation of Axis II
B)Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
C)Personality shouldn't be important when trying to understand an Axis I disorder
D)Psychosocial stressors are more important to assess than personality

Question 48

A weakness of many of the family studies of eating disorders is

A)most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
B)an inadequate level of attention paid to third variable causes.
C)limited generalizability given the laboratory nature of the research.
D)an overreliance upon a single theoretical paradigm.

Question 49

Polivy and others conducted a series of studies in which participants were tasting ice cream.These studies looked at the participants' tendency to

A)refuse food.
B)binge.
C)purge.
D)feel guilty.

Question 50

Margaret,a Canadian,and Rosemary,a Nigerian,are asked to rate the attractiveness of a drawing of an obese woman.Which of the following is most likely to occur?

A)They will similarly rate the woman as highly unattractive.
B)Margaret will rate the woman as more attractive compared to Rosemary's rating of the woman.
C)Rosemary will rate the woman as more attractive compared to Margaret's rating of the woman.
D)None of the above is likely to occur.

Question 51

The Body Mass Index (BMI)of Playboy and Playgirl centerfolds has

A)decreased over time in both.
B)increased over time in both.
C)decreased and increased,respectively,over time.
D)increased and decreased,respectively,over time.

Question 52

Drug treatment of bulimia nervosa is most significantly limited by

A)the lack of demonstrated effectiveness of the drugs.
B)addiction.
C)dropping out of treatment.
D)the resulting obesity.

Question 53

Evelyn is Hispanic and reports higher levels of acculturative stress than Katherine who is African-American.Which of these women is more likely to have greater body dissatisfaction?

A)Evelyn
B)Katherine
C)They are both equally likely to have body dissatisfaction due to their culture.
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 54

Lydia is a white,upper-class woman with anorexia.Which of the following is most likely to also be true of Lydia?

A)She has dieted before.
B)She also has bulimia.
C)She also has bipolar disorder.
D)She reads many women's magazines.

Question 55

A group of college students reads a case study about a woman who is 5'6",weighs 105 pounds and is experiencing amenorrhea.Recent research suggests that these students are more likely to believe her symptoms are a result of an eating disorder

A)if her race is presented as Native American.
B)if her race is presented as Hispanic.
C)if her socioeconomic status is presented as middle class.
D)if her race is presented as Caucasian.

Question 56

Eating disorders are more common in women who are

A)single.
B)white.
C)urban.
D)less educated.

Question 57

Studies have shown drug treatment to be

A)effective for bulimia only.
B)effective for anorexia only.
C)effective for both bulimia and anorexia.
D)ineffective for both bulimia and anorexia.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in eating disorders?

A)Women are more likely to have bulimia,while men are more likely to have anorexia.
B)Men are more likely to have bulimia,while women are more likely to have anorexia.
C)Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than are men.
D)Adequate prevalence data on eating disorders has not been collected for men,because men are reluctant to disclose disordered eating patterns.

Question 59

A recent area of research in eating disorders has been upon

A)actual eating habits.
B)associated fears such as phobias or other anxiety disorders.
C)concerns with self-focused attention.
D)child abuse and the link to eating disorders.

Question 60

A recent review of many studies concludes that ___________,no matter how it is measured,is higher among girls with anorexia than girls without anorexia,and that it remains high even after successful treatment for anorexia.

A)neuroticism
B)introversion
C)constraint
D)perfectionism

Question 61

Describe the contributions of genetic and biological theory to our understanding of eating disorders.

Question 62

Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

Question 63

Which of the following has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain in treating anorexia?

A)cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)family therapy
C)psychodynamic therapy
D)None of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain

Question 64

Discuss the role of culture in our understanding of eating disorders.Specifically,address the influence of industrialized western culture on prevalence,etiology,and maintenance of eating disorders.

Question 65

Discuss the means of diagnosing eating disorders,such as distinguishing features,subtypes,and physical effects.

Question 66

Cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa is effective

A)half the time or less.
B)if combined with drug treatment.
C)but with high relapse rates.
D)if family and friends are supportive.

Question 67

Successful treatment of bulimia nervosa often results in

A)modest weight gain.
B)reduced psychological problems.
C)improved family and social relations.
D)academic gains.

Question 68

In treating bulimia nervosa,the overall goal is to teach the individual to

A)accept their natural shape.
B)monitor caloric intake.
C)develop normal eating patterns.
D)have other social outlets.

Question 69

The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is

A)medication to reduce anxiety about eating.
B)education on the importance of a well-balanced diet.
C)hospitalization to promote and monitor eating.
D)assessment to identify causes and plan individualized treatment.

Question 70

Compare the psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating eating disorders.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of preventive intervention for eating disorders?

A)psychoeducational approaches
B)de-emphasizing sociocultural influences
C)banning junk foods from elementary schools
D)risk factor approach

Question 72

The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is

A)reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors.
B)providing a safe inpatient environment.
C)social skills training.
D)family therapy.

Question 73

Combined hospital treatment and cognitive behavior therapy of anorexia nervosa has been effective in

A)encouraging compliance with medication treatment.
B)maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year.
C)short term weight gain only.
D)building skills to resist social pressures.

Question 74

Efforts to treat bulimia nervosa using antidepressant drugs have been complicated by

A)low federal funding for such studies.
B)frequent side effects.
C)treatment refusal.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the combined use of CBT and medications for bulimia?

A)Adding drug treatment to CBT sometimes enhances the effectiveness of CBT for alleviating rhe co-occurring depression.
B)Medication alone is more effective than CBT.
C)Interpersonal therapy works more quickly and more effectively than CBT.
D)Over 75% of bulimic patients recover after receiving CBT

Question 76

After successful cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia,patients sometimes also

A)become obese.
B)have reduced depression.
C)develop anorexia nervosa.
D)witness marital conflict in their parents.