Deck 3: Diagnosis and Assessment

Question 1

In 1994,the DSM-IV was published by the

A)American Psychopathological and Statistical Association.
B)World Health Organization.
C)Congress of Mental Science.
D)American Psychiatric Association.

Answer 1

American Psychiatric Association.

Question 2

Britney was taking a test to measure levels of depression.All of the items covered typical symptoms of depression.This inventory would be said to have

A)high construct validity.
B)high content validity.
C)high criterion validity.
D)high statistical validity.

Answer 2

high content validity.

Question 3

Sheila was recently robbed and subsequently developed an acute stress disorder.She was blinded during the robbery and is now unable to find work because of her loss of sight.Using the DSM-IV-TR,how would Sheila's problems be diagnosed?

A)Axis I: no diagnosis;Axis II: Acute Stress Disorder;Axis III: blindness
B)Axis I: Acute Stress Disorder;Axis II: blindness
C)Axis I: Acute Stress Disorder;Axis II: blindness;Axis III: Psychosocial and Environment Problem: robbery
D)Axis I: Acute Stress Disorder;Axis III: blindness;Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problem: robbery

Answer 3

Axis I: Acute Stress Disorder;Axis III: blindness;Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problem: robbery

Question 4

In DSM-IV-TR,long-standing diagnoses such as personality disorders are identified on

A)only Axis I.
B)only Axis II.
C)only Axis III.
D)Axis II and III.

Question 5

The purpose of Axis IV is to

A)identify personality disorders.
B)determine acute disturbance.
C)evaluate environmental and psychosocial problems.
D)account for medical problems affecting mental disorders.

Question 6

Jackson appears to have social phobia.This diagnosis was made by looking at his scores on a particular measure of social fear.Scores like his in the past have been shown to be related to social phobia,as well as correlated with a variety of measures of social and occupational disability associated with social phobia.The measure Jackson took would be said to have

A)high construct validity.
B)high content validity.
C)high criterion validity.
D)high statistical validity.

Question 7

Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR considers all but which of the following?

A)social relationships
B)use of leisure time
C)occupational functioning
D)marital status

Question 8

Generally it is impossible for measures to be

A)reliable but not valid.
B)valid but not reliable.
C)neither reliable nor valid.
D)both reliable and valid.

Question 9

Axes I and II are separated

A)to distinguish mood disorders from psychotic disorders.
B)to allow distinctions between medical conditions and psychological conditions.
C)to distinguish longstanding disturbances from acute problems.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 10

Jose has major depression and has multiple sclerosis.He would be diagnosed on

A)Axis I: major depression and Axis III: multiple sclerosis.
B)Axis I: major depression;Axis II: multiple sclerosis.
C)Axis I: major depression and multiple sclerosis.
D)Axis II: major depression and Axis III: multiple sclerosis.

Question 11

In 2000,the DSM-IV-TR was published

A)to clarify issues surrounding prevalence rates,course,and etiology.
B)to describe diagnoses in objective terms.
C)to include response to treatment in the descriptions of diagnoses.
D)for use by laypersons as well as professionals.

Question 12

The multiaxial approach in DSM-IV-TR encourages clinicians to make assessment judgments

A)on the most appropriate axis.
B)based on ethnic and cultural considerations.
C)considering a wide range of information.
D)using a variety of assessment measures.

Question 13

Diagnostic systems allow clinicians and scientists to

A)conduct psychotherapy.
B)communicate accurately with one another about cases and research.
C)understand the role of cultural bias.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 14

Jim was given an intelligence test in March and re-administered the same test one year later.His score both times was the same.This indicates that the intelligence test has

A)high test-retest reliability.
B)high interrater agreement.
C)internal consistency.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 15

Axis V is included to

A)provide a current rating of functioning.
B)estimate probability of recovery.
C)assist in clarifying diagnoses made on Axis I or II.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 16

The DSM-IV-TR provides diagnoses along 5 areas.These areas are called

A)axes.
B)classifications.
C)multiple dimensions.
D)differential diagnoses.

Question 17

Major improvements since the DSM-III include all of the following EXCEPT

A)more specific diagnostic criteria.
B)more extensive descriptions of diagnosis on Axes I and II.
C)decrease in diagnostic categories.
D)more emphasis on laboratory findings and results from physical exams.

Question 18

Without Axis IV,which of the following would NOT be included in the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis?

A)a developmental disorder
B)alcoholism
C)diabetes
D)homelessness

Question 19

The letters in the abbreviation DSM refer to

A)Diseases and Symptoms of the Mind.
B)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
C)Diseases and Symptoms Manual.
D)Disorders and Symptoms Manual.

Question 20

Which of the following diagnostic categories was at one time included in the DSM and was then removed from the DSM?

A)homosexuality
B)bipolar disorder
C)panic disorder
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 21

Some critics of the DSM-IV-TR believe that

A)there are not enough different diagnoses.
B)the DSM-IV-TR has pathologized too many problems without good justification.
C)there is not enough comorbidity in diagnoses.
D)another diagnostic category should be added titled " Conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention in elderly populations."

Question 22

You are relying on a dimensional classification scheme and work with individuals who struggle with delusions.Your diagnoses are going to be based upon the _________ of delusions.

A)presence or absence
B)social consequences
C)underlying cause
D)severity

Question 23

Binge Eating Disorder,a DSM category meriting further study,differs from Bulimia in that

A)it involves compensatory behaviors.
B)it involves recurrent food binges.
C)it does not involve recurrent food binges.
D)it does not involve compensatory behaviors.

Question 24

The DSM-IV-TR includes approximately _____ different diagnostic categories.

A)300
B)500
C)100
D)50

Question 25

The fact that SSRI's often relieve symptoms of anxiety as well as depression suggests to some clinicians and researchers that

A)SSRI's are inadequate drugs for depression.
B)anxiety and depression should be part of the same diagnostic category.
C)anxiety should be treated with anxiolytics.
D)Axis I and II should be a dimensional diagnostic system.

Question 26

Reliability,as used in diagnosis,is the same as

A)agreement.
B)validity.
C)judgment.
D)utility.

Question 27

What is one reason categorical systems are popular?

A)Freud was a proponent of such a system.
B)They define a certain threshold for treatment.
C)They describe the degree to which an entity is present.
D)It is more helpful to know severity of a symptom rather than whether or not it is present.

Question 28

Comorbidity refers to

A)the likelihood that a given psychological disorder will result in death.
B)how long a person is expected to live with a given psychological disorder.
C)the presence of a second diagnosis.
D)the absence of an Axis I disorder.

Question 29

Culture bound syndromes

A)are coded on Axis II.
B)are listed in the appendix of the DSM.
C)are only found in cultures outside the United States.
D)are very,very rare.

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of something using a dimensional classification system?

A)gender
B)college major
C)telephone number
D)grade point average

Question 31

Dr.Kline classified her patients according to hair color.Some were classified as blonde,some brunette,some red haired.This classification is an example of a

A)continuous classification.
B)etiological classification.
C)categorical classification.
D)dimensional classification.

Question 32

In order to study the reliability of a diagnostic category,we would study whether

A)it acknowledges the uniqueness of each individual.
B)it has explicitly stated criteria.
C)patients with the label respond to treatment the same.
D)diagnosticians apply it consistently.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Culture can have a large influence on which symptoms of a given disorder are expressed.
B)For most diagnoses in the DSM-IV-TR,it is advised not to consider cultural context.
C)All symptoms of psychiatric disorders manifest themselves in similar ways across cultures.
D)The DSM-II was the first edition of the DSM to consider cultural and ethnic variations in psychopathology.

Question 34

When Dr.Smith diagnoses a patient with schizophrenia and Dr.Jones diagnoses that same patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder,we would say that Dr.Smith and Dr.Jones have

A)low validity.
B)low reliability.
C)low accuracy.
D)low criteria.

Question 35

Caleb went to see two different psychologists about his depressive symptoms.One told him that he suffered from major depressive disorder and the other told him that he had bipolar disorder.This is an example of a problem with ____________

A)interrater reliability.
B)content validity.
C)internal consistency.
D)construct validity.

Question 36

Which of the following categories meriting further study for the DSM is NOT mentioned in the text?

A)Binge Eating Disorder
B)Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
C)Depressive Personality Disorder
D)Internet Obsession Disorder

Question 37

Previous editions of the DSM were criticized for their

A)lack of attention to childhood disorders.
B)lack of attention to cultural and ethnic variations in psychopathology.
C)inability to accurately diagnose individuals with schizophrenia.
D)overemphasis on mood disorders.

Question 38

The DSM-IV-TR is an example of which approach to classification?

A)categorical
B)dimensional
C)quantitative
D)atheoretical

Question 39

If a diagnosis helps clinicians make good predictions and informs them of the likely course of the disorder,psychologists would say that the diagnosis has

A)interrater reliability.
B)construct validity.
C)test validity.
D)internal consistency.

Question 40

Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome listed in the DSM-IV-TR that involves a young man in Japan,Taiwan,or South Korea shutting themselves in their room for at least 6 months and refuses to socialize with anyone?

A)ghost sickness
B)dhat
C)Hikikomori
D)koro

Question 41

A valid classification system is one that

A)has clear criteria for making diagnoses.
B)ensures that two or more people will agree on a classification.
C)leads to accurate predictions and statements.
D)has a clear purpose.

Question 42

Unlike most conversations with a friend,a clinical interview would focus on

A)structure.
B)how the person responds.
C)objectivity.
D)humor.

Question 43

You have developed a new personality inventory that will be used to match roommates in order to minimize conflict.You are almost ready to market the test,but first must administer it to several hundred individuals to establish normatic information.This phase of test development is referred to as

A)branching.
B)psychometrics.
C)validation.
D)standardization.

Question 44

One must experience significant distress or impairment to receive a DSM diagnosis.Which of the following are two of the most common areas of distress and impairment for people receiving a DSM diagnosis?

A)finance and leisure time
B)marriage and finance
C)missed days at work and leisure time
D)marriage and missed days at work

Question 45

The Assessment of Daily Experiences (ADE)measure is most helpful in addressing which of the following issues?

A)retrospective reports
B)prospective reports
C)internal consistency
D)clinical interviews

Question 46

Why has the Social Readjustment Scale been criticized?

A)It is a self-report measure.
B)It contains items that are both triggers and outcomes of stress.
C)It contains items that most people have never experienced.
D)It relies on prospective methods.

Question 47

An advantage of the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS)over other life stress assessments is that

A)it is a very structured interview.
B)it takes a shorter time to complete.
C)it allows for the evaluation of life events in the context of a person's unique life circumstances.
D)it relies less on determining when an event actually occurred.

Question 48

The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS)has led researchers to conclude that

A)life events are robust predictors of several psychological and medical symptoms.
B)stress is mediated by one's childhood experiences.
C)a given life event has the same impact across individuals.
D)the correlation between life events and stress is low.

Question 49

Ava creates a scale that assesses stress during the first year of college.She plans to administer this scale to graduating seniors.What is a likely criticism of her methods?

A)She will have low interrater reliability.
B)She will be collecting retrospective reports which are subject to considerable distortion.
C)Most graduating seniors will not have the time to complete such a scale.
D)She should use a validated scale like the MMPI.

Question 50

Which of the following guides a clinical interview?

A)time of day
B)location of interview
C)paradigm used by interviewer
D)structured instrument used by interviewer

Question 51

The MMPI is an example of a(n)

A)projective test.
B)personality inventory.
C)intelligence test.
D)structured clinical interview.

Question 52

You decide that you wish to use the MMPI to form a scale within the instrument to distinguish potential professional wrestlers from those without the potential to be wrestlers.Using the same method as that used to develop the MMPI,you would

A)identify items that were about wrestling.
B)identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.
C)find all the items that wrestlers answered as true regarding themselves.
D)look for consistency among items endorsed by wrestlers as true.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a measure of psychological stress?

A)Social Readjustment Rating Scale
B)Assessment of Daily Experience
C)Life Events and Difficulties Schedule
D)Thematic Apperception Test

Question 54

Clinical interviewers typically

A)focus on observable behavior.
B)highlight the importance of rapport.
C)are psychodynamic in orientation.
D)focus on medical conditions.

Question 55

Which of the following was not a change made in the revised version of the MMPI?

A)Increase representation from different racial groups in the norm sample.
B)Alter the format for answering questions.
C)Alter the norm sample to reflect the composition of the US.
D)Altering items to make the content more current.

Question 56

Which of the following is a problem with using unstructured clinical interviews in diagnosis?

A)Assesses feel less comfortable opening up as opposed to structured interviews.
B)They require less clinical expertise that structured interviews.
C)Assessors tend to miss comorbid diagnoses.
D)They can only be conducted by psychiatrists.

Question 57

In clinical interviews,most clinicians pay particular attention to

A)manner of responding.
B)truthfulness.
C)childhood.
D)current social functioning.

Question 58

One reason for revising the MMPI was to

A)make scoring easier and more reliable.
B)accommodate changes in DSM criteria.
C)improve acceptability.
D)reduce possibilities for cheating.

Question 59

Which of the following situations is most similar to the concept of reliability in making psychiatric diagnoses?

A)You see identical twins that have identical mannerisms.
B)After watching a new TV show,you and a friend independently decide that it was lousy.
C)You're not sure what time a baseball game is on and guess it is at 1:00pm.You look in the T.V.guide and it is,in fact,at 1:00pm.
D)You meet someone new at a party and decide she/he is a shy person.Sure enough,she/he hardly speaks to anyone at the party.

Question 60

Which of the following is a structured interview?

A)SRRS
B)SCID
C)ADE
D)Rorschach

Question 61

The MMPI detects individuals attempting to fake the test by

A)including special scales to detect lying.
B)inferring the lying behavior from answers left blank.
C)re-administering the test.
D)examining highly unusual responses.

Question 62

Which of the following is a limitation of computer generated scoring of the MMPI?

A)Interpretation of the scores still relies on the competency of the psychologist.
B)Difficulty in using the program.
C)Ability of the computer to handle respondents who 'fake-bad.'
D)Usefulness of computer-generated report in developing comprehensive reports

Question 63

Intelligence tests are based on the assumption that a detailed sample of a person's current intellectual functioning can predict

A)brain dysfunction.
B)innate aspects of IQ.
C)cognitive effectiveness.
D)academic potential.

Question 64

Under what circumstances are respondents more likely to report engaging in illegal behaviors?

A)When the exam is a face-to-face interview.
B)When the exam is computer administered.
C)When the exam is a paper-and-pencil self-report.
D)When the respondent is in the presence of other examinees.

Question 65

Brian is taking a test inquiring about high-risk sex behaviors.Under which circumstance will Brian be more likely to give answers endorsing more high-risk sex behaviors?

A)in a paper-and-pencil format.
B)when the test is given as an interview.
C)when the test is computer-administered.
D)in a one-to-one self-report setting.

Question 66

Two children are administered the same IQ test.Assuming all factors to be equal except racial differences between the children,what factor has been found to explain any difference in scores between these children?

A)stereotype threat
B)role stereotype
C)attention difficulties
D)None of these.There should not be any difference.

Question 67

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a(n)

A)intelligence test.
B)diagnostic inventory.
C)neuropsychological test.
D)projective test.

Question 68

You are being tested by an examiner who is showing you pictures about which you are asked to tell complete stories.You are probably taking

A)the Rorschach.
B)the MMPI-2.
C)the Thematic Apperception Test.
D)The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III.

Question 69

The Rorschach may have validity in identifying

A)depression,anxiety,and schizophrenia.
B)schizophrenia,borderline personality disorder,and dependent personality traits.
C)dependent personality traits,depression,and anxiety.
D)schizophrenia,dependent personality traits,and anxiety.

Question 70

The projective hypothesis is derived from which paradigm?

A)neuroscience
B)cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)diathesis-stress

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of an item that might be included in the MMPI lie scale?

A)"Sometimes I feel nauseous for no apparent reason."
B)"I enjoy reading detective novels."
C)"I have never used a foul word."
D)"I often walk after dinner."

Question 72

The stimulus materials in the Thematic Apperception Test are ambiguous

A)to increase the likelihood that the individual is not giving responses that are consciously mediated.
B)for greater precision.
C)to increase rapport.
D)to create discomfort in the client and thereby encourage a closer relationship with the therapist.

Question 73

Awareness of stereotypes tends to develop

A)in infancy.
B)between ages 6-10.
C)in early adolescence.
D)between ages 4-6.

Question 74

Intelligence tests were originally developed for the purpose of

A)determining which psychiatric patients could benefit from "talk" therapy.
B)predicting which children have special academic needs.
C)determining the age at which a child should enter school.
D)segregating people of low intelligence so they would not have children.

Question 75

A group of 8^th grade boys and a group of 8^th grade girls are administered the same math test.According to the ________________ phenomenon,the girls might perform more poorly than the boys.

A)stereotype threat.
B)standardization.
C)gender awareness.
D)self-monitoring.

Question 76

Compared to traditional personality assessment,behavioral assessment

A)does not use self-report data because of its lack of reliability.
B)relies more heavily on self-report data.
C)focuses on situational determinants rather than traits.
D)focuses on what a person says,rather than how it is said.

Question 77

Average intelligence is associated with a score of approximately

A)130.
B)70.
C)100.
D)Average intelligence cannot be determined.

Question 78

The construct validity of intelligence tests is limited by

A)how psychologists define intelligence.
B)the nature of the population tested with the instruments.
C)their generally low reliability.
D)None of the above choices are correct.

Question 79

Dr.Gallagher was interpreting the results of a Rorschach test,and reported that the client was probably fixated at the anal stage because he saw bathroom items in many of the cards.This is an example of

A)the projective hypothesis.
B)the unreliability of the Rorschach.
C)the Exner scoring system.
D)a standardized interpretation.

Question 80

The projective hypothesis assumes

A)responses to highly structured tasks reveal hidden attitudes and motivations.
B)unstructured stimuli reveal conscious motives.
C)unstructured stimuli provoke anxiety.
D)responses to ambiguous stimuli are influenced by unconscious factors.