Deck 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Question
Which of the following was an outcome of New England families' efforts to maintain the freeholder ideal in the late eighteenth century?

A) Churches consolidated their power and exercised greater control over young adults' behavior.
B) Thousands of New England families migrated to Canada,where more land was available.
C) Farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted livestock agriculture instead.
D) Colonial legislatures reformed inheritance laws and eliminated the "marriage portion."
Use Space or
up arrow
down arrow
to flip the card.
Question
Which of the following statements best describes inheritance patterns in colonial New England during the mid-1700s?

A) Typically,sons received their inheritance at age twenty-one.
B) Daughters-not sons-received a "marriage portion" when they married.
C) Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.
D) Every family's eldest son inherited its entire property.
Question
In New York during the first half of the eighteenth century,settlement of the Hudson River Valley showed which of the following patterns?

A) The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact,with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tenant families.
B) German and Scots-Irish immigrants,attracted by generous terms offered by Dutch families who did not want the land to be settled exclusively by migrating New Englanders,poured in.
C) Continuing troubles with the French and Indians to the north kept the valley sparsely populated until the eve of the American Revolution.
D) Migrants from overcrowded New England bid up the price of land so high that immigrant Germans and Scots-Irish could not afford to settle there.
Question
Which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in eighteenth-century rural New England?

A) Generally,no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors,but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.
B) As New England's exports increased,even isolated farming communities became accustomed to monetary transactions.
C) Because they owed increasingly heavy taxes to the British,who demanded payment in coin,farmers were forced to switch from a barter economy to a cash economy.
D) Land banks printed and distributed paper currency for farmers to use as cash in return for a percentage of a farm's yearly output.
Question
Which of the following was a result of the long-practiced policy of subdividing land in New England for inheritance by the mid-1700s?

A) The number of children conceived before marriage rose sharply.
B) Parents helped their children get established on their own prosperous farm.
C) The freehold system in the American colonies became unsustainable.
D) Speculators bought up small parcels of land,combined them,and sold them off at a large profit.
Question
Which of the following eighteenth-century Pennsylvania immigrant groups quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other Protestants?

A) Scots-Irish Presbyterians
B) English Quakers
C) French Huguenots
D) Swedish Lutherans
Question
Which of the following characterized the New England freehold society of the early eighteenth century?

A) A small gentry elite that owned most of the land,which was farmed by tenants and other workers
B) Many relatively equal landowning families whose livelihoods came from agriculture and trade
C) Maritime cities consisting of wealthy traders,skilled artisans,and propertyless workers
D) A relatively large elite whose economic and political power depended on manufacturing profits
Question
How did farmwives throughout the colonies in the eighteenth century contribute to their families?

A) The women worked within the farmhouse due to traditional notions that only men performed field work.
B) Mothers assembled manufactured goods in their homes while caring for children.
C) They exercised strict control over the family's finances and economic decisions.
D) Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.
Question
Which of the following statements characterizes the nature of colonial Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?

A) Despite the Quakers' ideals,rural colonial Pennsylvania was never a land of economic equality.
B) Because the Quakers insisted on social equality and justice,few economic inequalities developed until the 1790s.
C) The growing wheat trade in the mid-eighteenth century brought an influx of poor families,which increased social divisions.
D) German and Scots-Irish farmers soon became the richest ethnic groups in rural Pennsylvania.
Question
The political conflicts that wracked colonial Pennsylvania in the middle of the eighteenth century stemmed from which of the following sources?

A) Disagreements over the importance of economic opportunity
B) Rapid immigration and population growth
C) Tension between pious Quakers and those who embraced religious toleration
D) State funding for churches and public education
Question
Which of the following features characterized the Middle Atlantic colonies of New York,New Jersey,and Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

A) Religious orthodoxy
B) Cultural diversity
C) Amicable relations with Native Americans
D) A wheat-based economy
Question
Which of the following developments created a crisis for New England Puritan society in the eighteenth century?

A) Changes in women's status caused a declining birthrate.
B) British domination threatened the region's economy.
C) Puritan churches could no longer attract qualified ministers.
D) Population growth made freehold land scarce.
Question
What did the German immigrants known as redemptioners do on their arrival in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

A) Found jobs as wage laborers in order to save money to bring their relatives to America
B) Negotiated the terms for a period of servitude through which they would pay for their trip
C) Sold valuable products they brought from Germany in order to defray their travel expenses
D) Organized elaborate religious revivals intended to redeem the souls of fallen-away Christians
Question
The most numerous voluntary (nonslave)emigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century came from which of the following groups?

A) Scots-Irish
B) English
C) Germans
D) Dutch
Question
In eighteenth-century New England,the notion that parents would pay grown children for their past labors in exchange for the privilege of choosing the children's spouses was known as

A) common law.
B) the marriage portion.
C) primogeniture.
D) household production.
Question
Which of the following statements characterizes eighteenth-century religious practice in Pennsylvania?

A) Quaker congregations lacked the power to punish individuals who broke the moral code.
B) Quakers increasingly married outside their faith.
C) Each religious sect enforced moral behavior among its members.
D) Most members of religious congregations faithfully observed the Sabbath.
Question
Why was the print revolution that occurred in the colonies during the early eighteenth century significant?

A) The print revolution made the American Reformation possible.
B) It solidified distinctions between slaves and free people.
C) Printing allowed for the broad transmission of new ideas.
D) The revolution advanced the burgeoning cause of public education.
Question
Which of the following statements describes rural life in the New England colonies during the eighteenth century?

A) As the colonial elite consolidated its power,yeomen farmers tended to sink to the level of impoverished European peasants.
B) Colonists' sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life.
C) Farmers' grown children clung to their ancestral towns,fearful of moving westward where they might encounter harsh living conditions.
D) Long-settled areas frequently lost much of their population as farmers continued to migrate westward.
Question
Which of the following statements describes the relationship of typical New England women to the church in the eighteenth century?

A) Women flocked to New England churches because they were regarded as equals there.
B) Women and men joined churches in equal numbers,but men dominated the leadership.
C) Church attendance was obligatory for everyone,but only men could obtain church membership.
D) Churches were filled primarily with women but led exclusively by men.
Question
Which of the following statements best describes women's property rights in the English colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) A widow gained control over her late husband's estate and retained it even if she remarried.
B) When they married,women passed legal ownership of all personal property to their husbands.
C) Upon marriage,sons and daughters usually received equal shares of the family property.
D) Any land a woman owned before her marriage reverted to her ownership at her husband's death.
Question
For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet. <strong>For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet.   Movements similar to those depicted in the painting above most directly led to</strong> A) growth of a religious faith that led colonials to see themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty. B) difficulties in trade and finance within the North American colonies,leading to British attempts to integrate the colonies into a hierarchical imperial structure. C) debates and controversies over the morality of slavery,and increased British efforts to limit the practice in the colonies. D) debates about the proper role of women in society. <div style=padding-top: 35px> Movements similar to those depicted in the painting above most directly led to

A) growth of a religious faith that led colonials to see themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty.
B) difficulties in trade and finance within the North American colonies,leading to British attempts to integrate the colonies into a hierarchical imperial structure.
C) debates and controversies over the morality of slavery,and increased British efforts to limit the practice in the colonies.
D) debates about the proper role of women in society.
Question
The English philosopher John Locke believed which of the following ideas?

A) People had natural rights such as life,liberty,and property.
B) Education corrupted humans' natural purposes and instincts.
C) Most people were not qualified to exercise any influence over politics.
D) Human nature was fundamentally acquisitive and competitive.
Question
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
The ideas expressed in the excerpt above most clearly show the influence of which of the following?

A) Enlightenment ideas
B) The growth of ideas about race
C) The continued presence of multiple European powers in North America
D) European desires for new sources of wealth,and converts to Christianity
Question
Puritan minister Cotton Mather's response to which of the following eighteenth-century crises demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas had begun to influence him?

A) The Salem witch trials
B) The Boston smallpox epidemic
C) Harvard University's decision to reject Puritanism
D) Andover's resolution to exempt churches from taxation
Question
Which of the following eighteenth-century movements posed a significant challenge to traditional assumptions about race,gender,and class in American society?

A) The Enlightenment
B) The Regulator movement
C) The Glorious Revolution
D) The Great Awakening
Question
How did the British government respond to hostilities in America in 1754?

A) William Pitt and Lord Halifax persuaded Prime Minister Pelham to start a war in America against the French.
B) Prime Minister Henry Pelham called for a massive troop buildup to conquer French Canada.
C) Parliament voted to adopt a Plan of Union for the colonies.
D) Parliament shifted responsibility for military defense to a colonial assembly to be convened at Albany.
Question
Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?

A) The Old Lights in Massachusetts and Connecticut called for a resurgence of emotion-based religious practices.
B) The Old Lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission.
C) The New Lights condemned the Old Light practice of allowing women to speak in churches.
D) The New Lights condemned "crying out,fainting,and convulsions" as a medieval practice akin to superstition.
Question
Which of these individuals would have most likely preferred Pietism to Deism in the eighteenth century?

A) A Virginia planter
B) A Scots-Irish migrant
C) An urban artisan
D) A wealthy New York merchant
Question
Why did the Virginia gentry fear the rise of the Baptists in the mid-eighteenth century?

A) The Baptists were notorious for indulging in activities such as horse racing,gambling,and cockfighting.
B) They threatened to undermine the gentry's position and privilege.
C) Baptist ministers argued that they occupied a higher social and moral plane than Anglicans and Presbyterians.
D) The radical Protestants insisted that any slaves who converted to Christianity should be immediately freed by their masters.
Question
Influenced by Enlightenment science,which of the following religious movements believed that God had created the world but allowed it to operate in accordance with the laws of nature?

A) Methodism
B) Presbyterianism
C) Regulatorism
D) Deism
Question
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the point of view of the excerpt?

A) The British government
B) French-Indian fur traders
C) Indentured servants
D) Puritans
Question
For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet. <strong>For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet.   The painting above best serves as evidence of</strong> A) the British government's indifference to colonial governance. B) the political thought of the Enlightenment. C) the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican self-government. D) colonial religious fervor and diversity. <div style=padding-top: 35px> The painting above best serves as evidence of

A) the British government's indifference to colonial governance.
B) the political thought of the Enlightenment.
C) the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican self-government.
D) colonial religious fervor and diversity.
Question
What made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in New England in the 1740s?

A) A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance
B) Puritans' vicious denunciation of his methods
C) His claims of faith-healing abilities
D) His 1737 book,A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God
Question
The French and Indian War started as a result of disputed land claims regarding

A) the Ohio River Valley.
B) the Mississippi River.
C) western New York.
D) Quebec.
Question
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
The belief expressed in the excerpt above has the most in common with which of the following?

A) Republican motherhood
B) The Second Great Awakening
C) Manifest Destiny
D) The Dred Scott decision
Question
Hostilities between French troops and Virginians led by Colonel George Washington began in 1754 at which of the following locations?

A) Fort Duquesne
B) Williamsburg
C) Quebec
D) Valley Forge
Question
Which of the following consequences of the eighteenth-century Great Awakening made it historically significant?

A) The declining importance of higher education in the American colonies
B) An increasing level of admiration for the growing business community
C) Americans' new freedom to challenge authority within and outside the church
D) The consolidation of American religious fervor into a smaller number of denominations
Question
Which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-eighteenth-century southern colonies?

A) Presbyterians
B) Methodists
C) Baptists
D) Anglicans
Question
How did the Pietism movement of the eighteenth century differ from Puritanism?

A) The movement emphasized the use of reason and logic to understand the world.
B) It appealed strongly to well-educated urban populations.
C) Pietism stressed an individual's relationship with God.
D) It differed in its rejection of the notion that humans were sinful.
Question
What made the British authorities wary of declaring war against the French in North America in 1754?

A) Native American tribes were sure to side with the French over the British.
B) The colonists protested against the deployment of British troops in North America.
C) They believed the American colonists were incapable of cooperating in their own defense.
D) The king insisted that the colonies were not generating enough income to support a war.
Question
Which of the following statements describes the early Industrial Revolution and its impact on the American colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) Due to the rising anti-British sentiment,colonists boycotted British goods,so the Industrial Revolution had little impact on America.
B) Britain's new ability to produce more and cheaper goods than ever before transformed American markets and raised most colonists' standard of living.
C) The Industrial Revolution had little effect on the American colonies because they were largely self-sufficient in producing commodities for internal markets.
D) Agricultural equipment from new factories increased British farmers' harvests,glutted the international grain market,and decreased American farmers' ability to sell their crops.
Question
Answer the following questions :
Regulators

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
redemptioner

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
The group that came to be known as the Cajuns after the Great War for Empire were

A) Native Americans who were among the closest allies of the French.
B) British troops sent to North America after Braddock's defeat in 1755.
C) French settlers expelled by the British from Nova Scotia and deported to Louisiana.
D) Scots-Irish colonists who settled in Nova Scotia after the British expelled the French.
Question
Answer the following questions :
tenancy

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Which of the following was a provision of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A) England acquired all French territory in continental North America.
B) Spain acquired Louisiana and all of France's territory in Canada.
C) England received both of the French sugar islands in the West Indies.
D) France lost all of her North American territory east of the Mississippi River.
Question
Which of the following was part of William Pitt's strategy to mobilize the American colonists for the Great War for Empire in 1756?

A) Threatening that a French victory would require the colonists to become Roman Catholics
B) Promising that the colonists could gain access to land in the Ohio Valley if they won the war
C) Committing to provide a fleet of British ships and 30,000 soldiers to North America
D) Agreeing that Britain would pay the full cost of all the troops raised by the colonies
Question
Answer the following questions :
New Lights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
What specific purpose did the colonies of New York,Pennsylvania,Maryland,and Virginia serve for the British Empire in the eighteenth century?

A) These colonies produced most of the empire's wool and linens.
B) Their wheat crops made them the breadbasket of the Atlantic world.
C) They produced preserved meats to supply the massive British Navy.
D) Their large populations supplied the majority of soldiers for North American defense.
Question
In the mid-1700s,which industrializing nation was the dominant commercial power in the Atlantic Ocean?

A) Holland
B) England
C) France
D) Germany
Question
Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?

A) The South Carolina Regulator movement
B) The Paxton Boys Rebellion
C) The Royal Proclamation of 1763
D) The tenant revolt in New York
Question
The 1754 Albany Congress was a significant event because it demonstrated that

A) the colonies were ready to unite for defense under England's authority.
B) neither the colonists nor the British found the other's plan acceptable.
C) Washington was prepared to surrender the Ohio Valley to the French.
D) throughout the colonies,there was a desire to adopt Ben Franklin's plan for union.
Question
Answer the following questions :
competency

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
natural rights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
coverture

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
household mode of production

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
Pietism

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
squatters

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Which of the following developments was an outcome of the eighteenth-century consumer revolution?

A) Transatlantic trade decreased.
B) Americans became more self-sufficient.
C) Unable to compete with the British,colonial manufacturers closed down.
D) The colonies became more dependent on overseas credits and markets.
Question
Which of the following problems troubled both eastern migrants and western settlers in the American colonies in the mid-1700s?

A) Competition for land
B) Rampant inflation
C) A lack of markets for their products
D) Shortages of English consumer goods
Question
Answer the following questions :
consumer revolution

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
How did white women's roles in colonial America change between 1700 and 1776?
Question
What was the significance of the Enlightenment in America?
Question
How was Great Britain,with a depleted treasury,able to defeat the French in the Great War for Empire after having failed to achieve success against them in previous colonial wars?
Question
In what ways were the lives of women and men in New England similar? How were they different?
Question
What was the Albany Congress? Who organized it? Who participated? What were its outcomes?
Question
Answer the following questions :
deism

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
How did the Baptist insurgency in Virginia challenge conventional assumptions about race,gender,and class in the colony?
Question
How did Quakers maintain their economic and political primacy when Europeans from other cultures and traditions flooded into Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?
Question
What were the major consequences of the Great War for Empire on the imperial balance of power,British-colonial relations,Indian peoples,and Anglo-American settlers?
Question
Answer the following questions :
Old Lights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Answer the following questions :
revival

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
Compare and contrast the ethnic complexity of the Middle colonies with the racial (and,in the backcountry,the ethnic)diversity of the southern colonies.What conflicts did this diversity cause?
Answer Key
Question
How did the three mainland regions in British North America-New England,the Middle colonies,and (as discussed in Chapter 3)the South-become more like one another between 1720 and 1750? In what ways did they become increasingly different? From these comparisons,what conclusions can you draw about the character of American society in the mid-eighteenth century?
Question
What impact did the Industrial Revolution in England have on the American colonies?
Question
In what ways did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening prompt Americans to challenge traditional sources of authority?
Question
What issues divided the various ethnic and religious groups of the Middle colonies?
Question
Answer the following questions :
Enlightenment

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Question
By midcentury,the traditional strategies that New England's farming families had relied on to provide marriage portions for children and security in old age for parents had become problematic.Why? How did farming households respond?
Question
What were the causes of unrest in the American backcountry in the mid-eighteenth century?
Unlock Deck
Sign up to unlock the cards in this deck!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/80
auto play flashcards
Play
simple tutorial
Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Deck 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763
1
Which of the following was an outcome of New England families' efforts to maintain the freeholder ideal in the late eighteenth century?

A) Churches consolidated their power and exercised greater control over young adults' behavior.
B) Thousands of New England families migrated to Canada,where more land was available.
C) Farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted livestock agriculture instead.
D) Colonial legislatures reformed inheritance laws and eliminated the "marriage portion."
Farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted livestock agriculture instead.
2
Which of the following statements best describes inheritance patterns in colonial New England during the mid-1700s?

A) Typically,sons received their inheritance at age twenty-one.
B) Daughters-not sons-received a "marriage portion" when they married.
C) Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.
D) Every family's eldest son inherited its entire property.
Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.
3
In New York during the first half of the eighteenth century,settlement of the Hudson River Valley showed which of the following patterns?

A) The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact,with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tenant families.
B) German and Scots-Irish immigrants,attracted by generous terms offered by Dutch families who did not want the land to be settled exclusively by migrating New Englanders,poured in.
C) Continuing troubles with the French and Indians to the north kept the valley sparsely populated until the eve of the American Revolution.
D) Migrants from overcrowded New England bid up the price of land so high that immigrant Germans and Scots-Irish could not afford to settle there.
The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact,with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tenant families.
4
Which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in eighteenth-century rural New England?

A) Generally,no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors,but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.
B) As New England's exports increased,even isolated farming communities became accustomed to monetary transactions.
C) Because they owed increasingly heavy taxes to the British,who demanded payment in coin,farmers were forced to switch from a barter economy to a cash economy.
D) Land banks printed and distributed paper currency for farmers to use as cash in return for a percentage of a farm's yearly output.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
Which of the following was a result of the long-practiced policy of subdividing land in New England for inheritance by the mid-1700s?

A) The number of children conceived before marriage rose sharply.
B) Parents helped their children get established on their own prosperous farm.
C) The freehold system in the American colonies became unsustainable.
D) Speculators bought up small parcels of land,combined them,and sold them off at a large profit.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
Which of the following eighteenth-century Pennsylvania immigrant groups quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other Protestants?

A) Scots-Irish Presbyterians
B) English Quakers
C) French Huguenots
D) Swedish Lutherans
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Which of the following characterized the New England freehold society of the early eighteenth century?

A) A small gentry elite that owned most of the land,which was farmed by tenants and other workers
B) Many relatively equal landowning families whose livelihoods came from agriculture and trade
C) Maritime cities consisting of wealthy traders,skilled artisans,and propertyless workers
D) A relatively large elite whose economic and political power depended on manufacturing profits
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
How did farmwives throughout the colonies in the eighteenth century contribute to their families?

A) The women worked within the farmhouse due to traditional notions that only men performed field work.
B) Mothers assembled manufactured goods in their homes while caring for children.
C) They exercised strict control over the family's finances and economic decisions.
D) Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Which of the following statements characterizes the nature of colonial Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?

A) Despite the Quakers' ideals,rural colonial Pennsylvania was never a land of economic equality.
B) Because the Quakers insisted on social equality and justice,few economic inequalities developed until the 1790s.
C) The growing wheat trade in the mid-eighteenth century brought an influx of poor families,which increased social divisions.
D) German and Scots-Irish farmers soon became the richest ethnic groups in rural Pennsylvania.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
The political conflicts that wracked colonial Pennsylvania in the middle of the eighteenth century stemmed from which of the following sources?

A) Disagreements over the importance of economic opportunity
B) Rapid immigration and population growth
C) Tension between pious Quakers and those who embraced religious toleration
D) State funding for churches and public education
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which of the following features characterized the Middle Atlantic colonies of New York,New Jersey,and Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

A) Religious orthodoxy
B) Cultural diversity
C) Amicable relations with Native Americans
D) A wheat-based economy
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
Which of the following developments created a crisis for New England Puritan society in the eighteenth century?

A) Changes in women's status caused a declining birthrate.
B) British domination threatened the region's economy.
C) Puritan churches could no longer attract qualified ministers.
D) Population growth made freehold land scarce.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
What did the German immigrants known as redemptioners do on their arrival in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

A) Found jobs as wage laborers in order to save money to bring their relatives to America
B) Negotiated the terms for a period of servitude through which they would pay for their trip
C) Sold valuable products they brought from Germany in order to defray their travel expenses
D) Organized elaborate religious revivals intended to redeem the souls of fallen-away Christians
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
The most numerous voluntary (nonslave)emigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century came from which of the following groups?

A) Scots-Irish
B) English
C) Germans
D) Dutch
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
In eighteenth-century New England,the notion that parents would pay grown children for their past labors in exchange for the privilege of choosing the children's spouses was known as

A) common law.
B) the marriage portion.
C) primogeniture.
D) household production.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Which of the following statements characterizes eighteenth-century religious practice in Pennsylvania?

A) Quaker congregations lacked the power to punish individuals who broke the moral code.
B) Quakers increasingly married outside their faith.
C) Each religious sect enforced moral behavior among its members.
D) Most members of religious congregations faithfully observed the Sabbath.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
Why was the print revolution that occurred in the colonies during the early eighteenth century significant?

A) The print revolution made the American Reformation possible.
B) It solidified distinctions between slaves and free people.
C) Printing allowed for the broad transmission of new ideas.
D) The revolution advanced the burgeoning cause of public education.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Which of the following statements describes rural life in the New England colonies during the eighteenth century?

A) As the colonial elite consolidated its power,yeomen farmers tended to sink to the level of impoverished European peasants.
B) Colonists' sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life.
C) Farmers' grown children clung to their ancestral towns,fearful of moving westward where they might encounter harsh living conditions.
D) Long-settled areas frequently lost much of their population as farmers continued to migrate westward.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Which of the following statements describes the relationship of typical New England women to the church in the eighteenth century?

A) Women flocked to New England churches because they were regarded as equals there.
B) Women and men joined churches in equal numbers,but men dominated the leadership.
C) Church attendance was obligatory for everyone,but only men could obtain church membership.
D) Churches were filled primarily with women but led exclusively by men.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Which of the following statements best describes women's property rights in the English colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) A widow gained control over her late husband's estate and retained it even if she remarried.
B) When they married,women passed legal ownership of all personal property to their husbands.
C) Upon marriage,sons and daughters usually received equal shares of the family property.
D) Any land a woman owned before her marriage reverted to her ownership at her husband's death.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet. <strong>For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet.   Movements similar to those depicted in the painting above most directly led to</strong> A) growth of a religious faith that led colonials to see themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty. B) difficulties in trade and finance within the North American colonies,leading to British attempts to integrate the colonies into a hierarchical imperial structure. C) debates and controversies over the morality of slavery,and increased British efforts to limit the practice in the colonies. D) debates about the proper role of women in society. Movements similar to those depicted in the painting above most directly led to

A) growth of a religious faith that led colonials to see themselves as a chosen people blessed with liberty.
B) difficulties in trade and finance within the North American colonies,leading to British attempts to integrate the colonies into a hierarchical imperial structure.
C) debates and controversies over the morality of slavery,and increased British efforts to limit the practice in the colonies.
D) debates about the proper role of women in society.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
The English philosopher John Locke believed which of the following ideas?

A) People had natural rights such as life,liberty,and property.
B) Education corrupted humans' natural purposes and instincts.
C) Most people were not qualified to exercise any influence over politics.
D) Human nature was fundamentally acquisitive and competitive.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
The ideas expressed in the excerpt above most clearly show the influence of which of the following?

A) Enlightenment ideas
B) The growth of ideas about race
C) The continued presence of multiple European powers in North America
D) European desires for new sources of wealth,and converts to Christianity
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Puritan minister Cotton Mather's response to which of the following eighteenth-century crises demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas had begun to influence him?

A) The Salem witch trials
B) The Boston smallpox epidemic
C) Harvard University's decision to reject Puritanism
D) Andover's resolution to exempt churches from taxation
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Which of the following eighteenth-century movements posed a significant challenge to traditional assumptions about race,gender,and class in American society?

A) The Enlightenment
B) The Regulator movement
C) The Glorious Revolution
D) The Great Awakening
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
How did the British government respond to hostilities in America in 1754?

A) William Pitt and Lord Halifax persuaded Prime Minister Pelham to start a war in America against the French.
B) Prime Minister Henry Pelham called for a massive troop buildup to conquer French Canada.
C) Parliament voted to adopt a Plan of Union for the colonies.
D) Parliament shifted responsibility for military defense to a colonial assembly to be convened at Albany.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?

A) The Old Lights in Massachusetts and Connecticut called for a resurgence of emotion-based religious practices.
B) The Old Lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission.
C) The New Lights condemned the Old Light practice of allowing women to speak in churches.
D) The New Lights condemned "crying out,fainting,and convulsions" as a medieval practice akin to superstition.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
Which of these individuals would have most likely preferred Pietism to Deism in the eighteenth century?

A) A Virginia planter
B) A Scots-Irish migrant
C) An urban artisan
D) A wealthy New York merchant
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Why did the Virginia gentry fear the rise of the Baptists in the mid-eighteenth century?

A) The Baptists were notorious for indulging in activities such as horse racing,gambling,and cockfighting.
B) They threatened to undermine the gentry's position and privilege.
C) Baptist ministers argued that they occupied a higher social and moral plane than Anglicans and Presbyterians.
D) The radical Protestants insisted that any slaves who converted to Christianity should be immediately freed by their masters.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Influenced by Enlightenment science,which of the following religious movements believed that God had created the world but allowed it to operate in accordance with the laws of nature?

A) Methodism
B) Presbyterianism
C) Regulatorism
D) Deism
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the point of view of the excerpt?

A) The British government
B) French-Indian fur traders
C) Indentured servants
D) Puritans
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet. <strong>For this question,refer to the following painting,George Whitefield Preaching,by John Collet.   The painting above best serves as evidence of</strong> A) the British government's indifference to colonial governance. B) the political thought of the Enlightenment. C) the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican self-government. D) colonial religious fervor and diversity. The painting above best serves as evidence of

A) the British government's indifference to colonial governance.
B) the political thought of the Enlightenment.
C) the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican self-government.
D) colonial religious fervor and diversity.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
What made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in New England in the 1740s?

A) A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance
B) Puritans' vicious denunciation of his methods
C) His claims of faith-healing abilities
D) His 1737 book,A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
The French and Indian War started as a result of disputed land claims regarding

A) the Ohio River Valley.
B) the Mississippi River.
C) western New York.
D) Quebec.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
For this question,refer to the following quotation. "I Shall disclose several Principles of Natural Knowledge;plainly discovering the Law of Nature;or the true sentiments of Natural Reason,with Respect to Mans Being and Government....I shall consider Man in a state of Natural Being,as a Free-Born Subject under the Crown of Heaven,and owing Homage to none but God himself.It is certain Civil Government in General,is ...an Incomparable Benefit to Mankind,yet ...needs be acknowledged to be the Effect of Humane Free-Compacts and not of Divine Institution;it is the Produce of Mans Reason,of Humane and Rational Combinations,and not from any direct Orders of Infinite Wisdom....
The Prime Immunity in Mans State,is that he is most properly the Subject of the Law of Nature.He is the Favourite Animal on Earth;in that this Part of Gods Image,viz.Reason is Congenate with his Nature,wherein by a Law Immutable,Instampt upon his Frame,God has provided a Rule for Men in all their Actions;obliging each one to the performance of that which is Right,not only as to Justice,but likewise as to all other Moral Vertues,which is nothing but the Dictate of Right Reason founded in the Soul of Man....
The Second Great Immunity of Man is an Original Liberty Instampt upon his Rational Nature.He that intrudes upon this Liberty,Violates the Law of Nature....
The Third Capital Immunity belonging to Mans Nature,is an equality amongst Men;Which is not to be denyed by the Law of Nature,till Man has Resigned himself with all his Rights for the sake of a Civil State;and then his Personal Liberty and Equality is to be cherished,and preserved to the highest degree."
John Wise,A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches,1717
The belief expressed in the excerpt above has the most in common with which of the following?

A) Republican motherhood
B) The Second Great Awakening
C) Manifest Destiny
D) The Dred Scott decision
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Hostilities between French troops and Virginians led by Colonel George Washington began in 1754 at which of the following locations?

A) Fort Duquesne
B) Williamsburg
C) Quebec
D) Valley Forge
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
Which of the following consequences of the eighteenth-century Great Awakening made it historically significant?

A) The declining importance of higher education in the American colonies
B) An increasing level of admiration for the growing business community
C) Americans' new freedom to challenge authority within and outside the church
D) The consolidation of American religious fervor into a smaller number of denominations
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-eighteenth-century southern colonies?

A) Presbyterians
B) Methodists
C) Baptists
D) Anglicans
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
How did the Pietism movement of the eighteenth century differ from Puritanism?

A) The movement emphasized the use of reason and logic to understand the world.
B) It appealed strongly to well-educated urban populations.
C) Pietism stressed an individual's relationship with God.
D) It differed in its rejection of the notion that humans were sinful.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
What made the British authorities wary of declaring war against the French in North America in 1754?

A) Native American tribes were sure to side with the French over the British.
B) The colonists protested against the deployment of British troops in North America.
C) They believed the American colonists were incapable of cooperating in their own defense.
D) The king insisted that the colonies were not generating enough income to support a war.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
Which of the following statements describes the early Industrial Revolution and its impact on the American colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) Due to the rising anti-British sentiment,colonists boycotted British goods,so the Industrial Revolution had little impact on America.
B) Britain's new ability to produce more and cheaper goods than ever before transformed American markets and raised most colonists' standard of living.
C) The Industrial Revolution had little effect on the American colonies because they were largely self-sufficient in producing commodities for internal markets.
D) Agricultural equipment from new factories increased British farmers' harvests,glutted the international grain market,and decreased American farmers' ability to sell their crops.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
Answer the following questions :
Regulators

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
Answer the following questions :
redemptioner

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
The group that came to be known as the Cajuns after the Great War for Empire were

A) Native Americans who were among the closest allies of the French.
B) British troops sent to North America after Braddock's defeat in 1755.
C) French settlers expelled by the British from Nova Scotia and deported to Louisiana.
D) Scots-Irish colonists who settled in Nova Scotia after the British expelled the French.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
Answer the following questions :
tenancy

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
Which of the following was a provision of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A) England acquired all French territory in continental North America.
B) Spain acquired Louisiana and all of France's territory in Canada.
C) England received both of the French sugar islands in the West Indies.
D) France lost all of her North American territory east of the Mississippi River.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
Which of the following was part of William Pitt's strategy to mobilize the American colonists for the Great War for Empire in 1756?

A) Threatening that a French victory would require the colonists to become Roman Catholics
B) Promising that the colonists could gain access to land in the Ohio Valley if they won the war
C) Committing to provide a fleet of British ships and 30,000 soldiers to North America
D) Agreeing that Britain would pay the full cost of all the troops raised by the colonies
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
Answer the following questions :
New Lights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
What specific purpose did the colonies of New York,Pennsylvania,Maryland,and Virginia serve for the British Empire in the eighteenth century?

A) These colonies produced most of the empire's wool and linens.
B) Their wheat crops made them the breadbasket of the Atlantic world.
C) They produced preserved meats to supply the massive British Navy.
D) Their large populations supplied the majority of soldiers for North American defense.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
In the mid-1700s,which industrializing nation was the dominant commercial power in the Atlantic Ocean?

A) Holland
B) England
C) France
D) Germany
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?

A) The South Carolina Regulator movement
B) The Paxton Boys Rebellion
C) The Royal Proclamation of 1763
D) The tenant revolt in New York
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
The 1754 Albany Congress was a significant event because it demonstrated that

A) the colonies were ready to unite for defense under England's authority.
B) neither the colonists nor the British found the other's plan acceptable.
C) Washington was prepared to surrender the Ohio Valley to the French.
D) throughout the colonies,there was a desire to adopt Ben Franklin's plan for union.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
Answer the following questions :
competency

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
Answer the following questions :
natural rights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
Answer the following questions :
coverture

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
Answer the following questions :
household mode of production

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Answer the following questions :
Pietism

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
Answer the following questions :
squatters

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
59
Which of the following developments was an outcome of the eighteenth-century consumer revolution?

A) Transatlantic trade decreased.
B) Americans became more self-sufficient.
C) Unable to compete with the British,colonial manufacturers closed down.
D) The colonies became more dependent on overseas credits and markets.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
60
Which of the following problems troubled both eastern migrants and western settlers in the American colonies in the mid-1700s?

A) Competition for land
B) Rampant inflation
C) A lack of markets for their products
D) Shortages of English consumer goods
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
61
Answer the following questions :
consumer revolution

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
62
How did white women's roles in colonial America change between 1700 and 1776?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
63
What was the significance of the Enlightenment in America?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
How was Great Britain,with a depleted treasury,able to defeat the French in the Great War for Empire after having failed to achieve success against them in previous colonial wars?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
65
In what ways were the lives of women and men in New England similar? How were they different?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
66
What was the Albany Congress? Who organized it? Who participated? What were its outcomes?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Answer the following questions :
deism

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
68
How did the Baptist insurgency in Virginia challenge conventional assumptions about race,gender,and class in the colony?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
69
How did Quakers maintain their economic and political primacy when Europeans from other cultures and traditions flooded into Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
70
What were the major consequences of the Great War for Empire on the imperial balance of power,British-colonial relations,Indian peoples,and Anglo-American settlers?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
71
Answer the following questions :
Old Lights

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
72
Answer the following questions :
revival

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
73
Compare and contrast the ethnic complexity of the Middle colonies with the racial (and,in the backcountry,the ethnic)diversity of the southern colonies.What conflicts did this diversity cause?
Answer Key
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
74
How did the three mainland regions in British North America-New England,the Middle colonies,and (as discussed in Chapter 3)the South-become more like one another between 1720 and 1750? In what ways did they become increasingly different? From these comparisons,what conclusions can you draw about the character of American society in the mid-eighteenth century?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
75
What impact did the Industrial Revolution in England have on the American colonies?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
76
In what ways did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening prompt Americans to challenge traditional sources of authority?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
77
What issues divided the various ethnic and religious groups of the Middle colonies?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
78
Answer the following questions :
Enlightenment

A)The rental of property.To attract renters in New York's Hudson River Valley,Dutch and English manorial lords granted long leases,with the right to sell improvements - houses and barns,for example - to the next renter.
B)The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
C)A principle in English law that placed wives under the protection and authority of their husbands,so that they did not have independent legal standing.
D)The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped eighteenth-century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
E)Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent.Many eighteenth-century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale,requesting the first right to purchase the land when sales began.
F)A common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the eighteenth century.Unlike other indentured servants,these workers did not sign a contract before leaving Europe.Instead,they found employers after arriving in America.
G)An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world.
H)A Christian revival moment characterized by Bible study,the conversion experience,and the individual's personal relationship with God.It began as an effort to reform the German Lutheran Church in the mid-seventeenth century and became widely influential in Britain and its colonies in the eighteenth century.
I)The rights to life,liberty,and property.According to the English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1690),political authority was not given by God to monarchs.Instead,it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve these rights.
J)The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws.
K)A renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation.In the eighteenth century,these spiritual renewals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth.
L)Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers;they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
M)Evangelical preachers,many of them influenced by John Wesley,the founder of English Methodism,and George Whitefield,the charismatic itinerant preacher who brought his message to Britain's American colonies.They decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
N)An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution.Although this movement raised living standards,it landed many consumers - and the colonies as a whole - in debt.
O)Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760s and 1770s to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts,fairer taxation,and greater representation in the assembly.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
79
By midcentury,the traditional strategies that New England's farming families had relied on to provide marriage portions for children and security in old age for parents had become problematic.Why? How did farming households respond?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
80
What were the causes of unrest in the American backcountry in the mid-eighteenth century?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 80 flashcards in this deck.