Deck 29: Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Question 1

Which of the following precipitated a crisis in American-Iranian relations in 1979?

A) A communist revolution in Iran
B) President Carter's criticism of the Iranian secret police
C) American support for the deposed shah of Iran
D) Iranian terrorist activity in the United States

Answer 1

American support for the deposed shah of Iran

Question 2

After the 1980 election,which of the following parties gained control of the U.S.Senate for the first time since 1954?

A) The Democrats
B) The Republicans
C) The Reagan coalition
D) The Religious Right

Answer 2

The Republicans

Question 3

The Moral Majority was founded by which of the following evangelical Christians?

A) Pat Robertson
B) James Dobson
C) Jerry Falwell
D) Billy Graham

Answer 3

Jerry Falwell

Question 4

On which of the following issues would the conservative Cato Institute and Heritage Foundation have registered fierce opposition in the 1980s?

A) Increasing corporate regulation
B) Federal funding for stem cell research
C) Abortion restrictions
D) A gay marriage ban

Question 5

The person who contributed most directly to the rise of conservatism in American politics after World War II was

A) George H.W.Bush.
B) Barry Goldwater.
C) Nelson Rockefeller.
D) Gerald Ford.

Question 6

Iran released the American hostages and ended the long hostage crisis

A) when President Carter agreed to lift economic sanctions against Iran.
B) on the day Carter left office after the 1980 presidential election.
C) when President Carter threatened to send commandos to rescue the hostages.
D) when President-Elect Reagan publicly threatened military action against the Iranian regime.

Question 7

Which of the following factors made it possible for Barry Goldwater to capture the Republican Party nomination for president in 1964?

A) His publication of two books,widely read and praised by conservatives
B) Richard Nixon's temporary break from politics
C) His telegenic presence and public speaking charisma
D) Strong support from moderate Republicans in the Northeast

Question 8

Ronald Reagan's 1980 victory can be attributed to

A) Americans' frustrations over the nation's declining prosperity and power.
B) the ineptitude of his predecessor,Gerald Ford.
C) his adept handling of the hostage crisis during his first term.
D) Americans' frustrations over the Iran-Contra affair.

Question 9

The Moral Majority favored

A) the Equal Rights Amendment.
B) a ban on abortion.
C) welfare payments for single mothers.
D) court-mandated busing.

Question 10

Which of the following is an important conservative organizational think tank that gave institutional support to the New Right?

A) The American Enterprise Institute
B) The Center for American Progress
C) The Progressive Policy Institute
D) The Century Foundation

Question 11

Which of the following was true of Republicans in the 1980s?

A) They supported quotas to ensure equal employment opportunities.
B) They opposed government inaction in social welfare issues.
C) Their core was upper-middle-class white Protestants.
D) To save money,they wanted to cut defense spending.

Question 12

Conservative Protestants and Catholics joined together as part of the Religious Right and condemned

A) American poverty.
B) deregulation of transportation.
C) feminism.
D) welfare reform.

Question 13

How did the conservatives of the Cold War era differ from the American conservatives of the early twentieth century?

A) Cold War conservatives embraced big government.
B) Cold War conservatives favored corporate regulation.
C) Cold War conservatives reversed their earlier isolationism.
D) Cold War conservatives supported civil rights.

Question 14

Which of the following was the central theme of Carter's foreign policy throughout his administration?

A) Use of covert military action to overthrow communist regimes
B) Economic aid to noncommunist countries
C) A commitment to human rights
D) American control over the sources of imported petroleum

Question 15

Which of the following was one of the factors leading to Ronald Reagan's Republican victory in 1980?

A) His positive attitude and decisive demeanor
B) His ability to appeal to liberal Democrats
C) Reagan's commitment to transparent government
D) Regan's promise to increase spending on social welfare programs

Question 16

How did the conservative political operative Richard Viguerie contribute to the growth of the conservative movement that supported New Right Republicans like Goldwater and Reagan in the mid-1960s?

A) He created the first conservative morning radio talk show to stir up enthusiasm for the case.
B) He pioneered the use of the phone bank to raise money and recruit volunteers.
C) Viguerie made political donations totaling millions of dollars.
D) Viguerie applied emerging computer technology to political campaigning.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the New Right in 1980?

A) The New Right was controlled by religious leader Billy Graham.
B) The New Right never gained any support at the federal level.
C) Its leaders sought a strong government to ameliorate the problem of poverty.
D) Its leaders opposed big government and feared declining social morality.

Question 18

The well-known movie actor Ronald Reagan gained political experience after World War II in

A) the California Communist Party.
B) California's Un-American Activities Commission.
C) the Screen Actors Guild.
D) Young Americans for Freedom.

Question 19

Which of the following additions to the Republican platform reflected the influence of the Religious Right in 1980?

A) A mandatory death penalty for certain crimes
B) Making assault weapons more difficult to obtain
C) Support for the Equal Rights Amendment
D) Protection for the rights of all religions in public schools

Question 20

What was President Carter's major achievement for world peace in 1978?

A) Agreeing to return control of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama
B) Ending human rights abuses in the Philippines and Korea
C) Stopping apartheid in South Africa
D) Brokering a "framework for peace" for Egypt and Israel

Question 21

By increasing America's arms buildup in its defense against communism,President Reagan abandoned the diplomatic policy of

A) Harry Truman.
B) Dwight Eisenhower.
C) Lyndon Johnson.
D) Richard Nixon.

Question 22

The impact of the Supreme Court's decision in Webster v.Reproductive Health Services was that

A) prochoice Americans celebrated its protection for reproductive freedom.
B) states were required to implement a twenty-four-hour waiting period prior to an abortion.
C) states won the right to restrict the use of public funds and institutions for abortions.
D) women's access to safe and affordable abortions expanded significantly.

Question 23

For this question,refer to the following excerpts,the first from a book for school children about the future and the second from a screenplay for a popular science fiction movie. Imagine you are living in the future,and are doing a project on Halley's comet.It's quite some time since it last appeared in 1986,and you want to find out when it will again be seen from Earth.You also want to know the results of a space mission to the comet,and find out what the comet is made of.
In the days when the last comet appeared,you would have had to look up Halley's comet in an encyclopedia or a book on astronomy.If you didn't possess these books,you would have gone to the library to get the information....
People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby,but you get virtually all the information you need from the viewscreen of your home computer.The computer is linked to a library-not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in computer memory banks....
Computers will make the world of tomorrow a much safer place.They will do away with cash,so that you need no longer fear being attacked for your money.In addition,you need not worry that your home will be burgled or your car stolen.The computers in your home and car will guard them,allowing only yourself to enter or someone with your permission.
Neil Ardley,World of Tomorrow: School,Work,and Play,1981
Reese: There was a war.A few years from now.Nuclear war.The whole thing.All this- [His gesture includes the car,the city,the world.] -everything is gone.Just gone.There were survivors.Here.There.Nobody knew who started it.(pause)It was the machines.
Sarah: I don't understand ...
Reese: Defense network computer.New.Powerful.Hooked into everything.Trusted to run it all.They say it got smart ...a new order of intelligence.Then it saw all people as a threat,not just the ones on the other side.Decided our fate in a microsecond ...extermination.
Scene from screenplay by James Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd,Terminator,1984
The differences between the two excerpts can best be explained by

A) the challenges presented by twenty-first-century social and economic changes.
B) technology increasing access to information.
C) questions that were raised about the protections of civil liberties and human rights.
D) intensified debates during the period about national identity and behaviors.

Question 24

Which of the following was a lasting legacy of Ronald Reagan?

A) His conservative judicial appointments
B) The failed invasion of Cuba
C) His curtailment of defense spending
D) His expansion of federal welfare programs

Question 25

In 1975,Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded

A) Apple Corporation.
B) IBM.
C) Microsoft.
D) Hewlett-Packard.

Question 26

Which of the following was an outcome of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981?

A) A return to the gold standard
B) A higher tax rate for millionaires
C) Corporate income tax increases to offset cuts in personal income taxes
D) A $200 billion cut in the federal government's annual revenue

Question 27

Reaganomics increased the share of wealth held by

A) corporations and wealthy Americans.
B) the working poor and welfare recipients.
C) the Religious Right and the working poor.
D) the Religious Right and other religious groups.

Question 28

For this question,refer to the following figure,The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus),1940-2015: The graph above best reflects which of the following historical trends of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries?

A) A reduced public faith in the government's ability to solve problems
B) Significant victories enjoyed by conservatives related to taxation policy
C) Increased political participation by evangelical and fundamentalist Christian churches and organizations
D) The denunciation of "big government" by the Republican Party

Question 29

Between 1973 and 1992,the productivity of American workers

A) increased by 1 percent a year.
B) increased by 3 percent a year.
C) decreased by 5 percent a year.
D) plummeted by 10 percent a year.

Question 30

America's main economic competitors in the world market in the 1980s were

A) France and Australia.
B) West Germany and Japan.
C) Canada and England.
D) China and Mexico.

Question 31

Who did President Reagan christen as the "heroes for the eighties"?

A) Self-made entrepreneurs
B) The U.S.hockey team that defeated Russia in the Olympics
C) Actors who put on AIDS benefits
D) The U.S.military for defeating communism

Question 32

For this question,refer to the following excerpts,the first from a book for school children about the future and the second from a screenplay for a popular science fiction movie. Imagine you are living in the future,and are doing a project on Halley's comet.It's quite some time since it last appeared in 1986,and you want to find out when it will again be seen from Earth.You also want to know the results of a space mission to the comet,and find out what the comet is made of.
In the days when the last comet appeared,you would have had to look up Halley's comet in an encyclopedia or a book on astronomy.If you didn't possess these books,you would have gone to the library to get the information....
People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby,but you get virtually all the information you need from the viewscreen of your home computer.The computer is linked to a library-not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in computer memory banks....
Computers will make the world of tomorrow a much safer place.They will do away with cash,so that you need no longer fear being attacked for your money.In addition,you need not worry that your home will be burgled or your car stolen.The computers in your home and car will guard them,allowing only yourself to enter or someone with your permission.
Neil Ardley,World of Tomorrow: School,Work,and Play,1981
Reese: There was a war.A few years from now.Nuclear war.The whole thing.All this- [His gesture includes the car,the city,the world.] -everything is gone.Just gone.There were survivors.Here.There.Nobody knew who started it.(pause)It was the machines.
Sarah: I don't understand ...
Reese: Defense network computer.New.Powerful.Hooked into everything.Trusted to run it all.They say it got smart ...a new order of intelligence.Then it saw all people as a threat,not just the ones on the other side.Decided our fate in a microsecond ...extermination.
Scene from screenplay by James Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd,Terminator,1984
The ideas expressed in the excerpts above reflect which of the following continuities in U.S.history?

A) Debates over the benefits of technological change
B) Debates over the power of government
C) Conflicts over demographic growth and changes
D) Arguments over the size of defense spending

Question 33

For this question,refer to the following figure,The Annual Federal Budget Deficit (or Surplus),1940-2015: Which of the following was the most direct cause of the trends depicted on the graph above?

A) The deregulation of many industries
B) Moral and political debates that sharply divided the nation
C) The increase in economic inequality in the United States after 1980
D) The popularity and institutional strength of some government programs

Question 34

Which is true of the AIDS crisis of the 1980s and 1990s?

A) The federal government responded immediately to the AIDS crisis.
B) The disease affected only gay men and women.
C) More Americans died of AIDS than were killed in the Korean and Vietnam Wars combined.
D) Approximately 95 percent of people infected with HIV live in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 35

Why has it been so difficult for conservative politicians to shrink the size and scope of the federal government?

A) The government is entrenched in the social,economic,and defense welfare of Americans.
B) Conservative politicians are not good at appealing to their base.
C) Congressional Democrats block all conservative attempts at shrinking the government's size.
D) There has been no support for such a move from presidential candidates.

Question 36

Which of the following issues did the New Right reject during the 1980 presidential election?

A) Banning abortion
B) Permitting voluntary school prayer
C) Opposing the Equal Rights Amendment
D) Increasing federal spending on social welfare programs

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the Reagan presidency?

A) The gap between rich and poor narrowed.
B) The national debt tripled.
C) Reagan's policies reduced homelessness.
D) Federal aid to poor families increased.

Question 38

How did Lee Iacocca turn Chrysler Corporation around in 1978?

A) With scientific management
B) By defeating the United Auto Workers union
C) With a $1.5 billion loan from the federal government
D) By pushing through deregulation

Question 39

Supply-side economics,as practiced by the Reagan administration,rested on

A) balancing the federal budget as the highest priority.
B) using tax cuts to stimulate investment,which would eventually result in higher tax revenues.
C) stimulating the national economy by increasing federal spending.
D) increasing the money supply with lower interest rates,which would improve the economy.

Question 40

Which of the following was true of the United States in the mid-1980s?

A) The majority of college students were enlightened social activists.
B) The United States was the world's leading exporter of agricultural goods.
C) American manufacturing sales abroad were unsurpassed.
D) The United States registered a negative balance of international payments.

Question 41

Answer the following questions :
family values

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 42

During the Cold War,the world was divided between the rival communist and capitalist blocs but,by 1990,it was clear that the post-Cold War world would be

A) dominated by the United States.
B) unified and peaceful.
C) focused around multiple centers of power.
D) divided between Christians and Muslims.

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding the 1991 Persian Gulf War?

A) Women comprised about 10 percent of American troops but were not sent to combat zones.
B) It was hindered by the continuing influence of the Vietnam syndrome.
C) The United States acted with the approval of the UN Security Council.
D) President Bush's popularity plummeted as a result of the war.

Question 44

During the Reagan administration,the CIA funded an anticommunist movement in

A) Cuba.
B) Eastern Europe.
C) Central America.
D) Southeast Asia.

Question 45

In 1985,over two hundred American marines were killed in an explosion in

A) Jordan.
B) Israel.
C) Pakistan.
D) Lebanon.

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
Moral Majority

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 47

Why did the Russian economy fall further behind that of capitalist societies in the postwar years?

A) U.S.trade embargoes hurt the Soviet economy severely.
B) The Soviet Union spent most of its revenue on aiding developing nations.
C) Soviet support for North Vietnam had bankrupted the communist nation.
D) Soviet businesses lacked market incentives to improve and innovate.

Question 48

In 1988,President George H.W.Bush selected which of the following individuals to be his vice presidential candidate?

A) Dan Quayle
B) Willie Horton
C) Sandra Day O'Connor
D) David Souter

Question 49

Answer the following questions :
perestroika

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 50

Answer the following questions :
National Review

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 51

Answer the following questions :
national debt

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 52

The profits from the secret sale of arms to Iran in the 1980s were used to

A) finance President Reagan's reelection campaign.
B) aid the Contras,an opposition group in Nicaragua.
C) free all hostages held by pro-Iranian forces in Lebanon.
D) bolster Kuwait's defenses against Iraq.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
supply-side economics (Reaganomics)

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 54

Answer the following questions :
Reagan coalition

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 55

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika resulted in

A) the sudden introduction of capitalism and democracy to the Soviet Union.
B) the strengthening of the Soviet Union's domination of Eastern Europe.
C) a new willingness to tolerate significant changes in Soviet society.
D) the Soviet Union's withdrawal from the nuclear arms race.

Question 56

Answer the following questions :
Religious Right

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 57

American foreign policy changed dramatically as a result of President Reagan's rapport with

A) Ayatollah Khomeini.
B) Mikhail Gorbachev.
C) Saddam Hussein.
D) Margaret Thatcher.

Question 58

In the 1988 presidential election,George H.W.Bush defeated

A) Walter Mondale.
B) Michael Dukakis.
C) Lloyd Bentsen.
D) Al Gore.

Question 59

Answer the following questions :
hostage crisis

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
Persian Gulf War

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 61

What were the key elements of Reagan's domestic policy?

Question 62

Answer the following questions :
service industries

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 63

Answer the following questions :
Sandinistas

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 64

What key groups of the new Republican coalition elected Ronald Reagan in 1980? Were their goals complementary or contradictory?

Question 65

What were the distinguishing features of Ronald Reagan's foreign policy?

Question 66

How did the composition and decisions of the Supreme Court change as a result of the Reagan presidency?

Question 67

What new challenges did the end of the Cold War bring to American foreign policy?

Question 68

Answer the following questions :
deregulation

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 69

Answer the following questions :
Iran-Contra affair

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 70

Answer the following questions :
glasnost

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
HIV/AIDS

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 72

What were the sources of the American economic recovery of the 1980s and 1990s? Who were its heroes,and what were its shortcomings?

Question 73

What distinguished Carter's conduct of foreign policy during his presidency?

Question 74

Answer the following questions :
The Conscience of a Conservative

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Contras

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
Reagan Democrats

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.

Question 77

Why did the United States intervene in the conflicts between Iraq and Iran,and Iraq and Kuwait? What were the American goals in each case?

Question 78

What comparisons can be made between the Iran-Contra scandal of Ronald Reagan's administration and the Watergate scandal of Richard Nixon's presidency?

Question 79

What factors led to Ronald Reagan's election in 1980?

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA)

A)A 1960 book that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement in support of its author,Barry Goldwater.
B)A conservative magazine founded in 1955 by editor William F.Buckley,who used it to criticize liberal policy.
C)Politically active religious conservatives,especially Catholics and evangelical Christians,who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism,abortion,and homosexuality and who promoted "family values."
D)Crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian revolution.Iranians broke into the U.S.embassy in Teheran and took sixty-six Americans hostage.The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to President Carter's reelection defeat.
E)A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters,middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states,blue-collar Catholics,and a large contingent of southern whites,an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.
F)A political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president.
G)Blue-collar Catholics from industrialized midwestern states such as Michigan,Ohio,and Illinois who were dissatisfied with the direction of liberalism in the 1970s and left the Democratic Party for the Republicans.
H)Economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply)and stimulate consumption (demand)because individuals can keep more of their earnings.In reality,this economic theory created a massive federal budget deficit.
I)Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history.
J)The cumulative total of all budget deficits.
K)The limiting of regulation by federal agencies.Prices in the trucking,airline,and railroad industries faced fewer regulations under President Carter in the late 1970s,and Reagan expanded this relaxation of regulations to include cutting back on government protections of consumers,workers,and the environment.
L)A deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980s.
M)Term that includes food,beverage,and tourist industries,financial and medical service industries,and computer technology industries,which were the leading sectors of U.S.growth in the second half of the 1980s.This pattern represented a shift from reliance on the heavy industries of steel,autos,and chemicals.
N)The democratically elected group in Nicaragua that President Reagan accused of threatening U.S.business interests.Reagan attempted to overthrow them by ordering the CIA to assist an armed opposition group called the Contras.
O)An opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist.While Congress banned the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to this group,a lieutenant colonel in the U.S.Marines,Oliver North,used the profits from the Iranian arms deal to assist the them,resulting in the Iran-Contra affair.
P)Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection-illegal because banned by American law-of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Q)The policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openness and freedom of expression and that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
R)The economic restructuring policy introduced by Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1980s that contributed,unintentionally,to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union.
S)Values promoted by the Religious Right,including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion.
T)The 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.A forty-day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory.