Deck 24: Cold War America, 1945-1963

Question 1

For the following question,refer to the following excerpt. To ensure the peaceful development of nations,free from coercion,the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations.The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members.We shall not realize our objectives,however,unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes....
At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life.The choice is too often not a free one.
One way of life is based upon the will of the majority,and is distinguished by free institutions,representative government,free elections,guarantees of individual liberty,freedom of speech and religion,and freedom from political oppression.
The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority.It relies upon terror and oppression,a controlled press and radio,fixed elections,and the suppression of personal freedoms.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.
President Harry S.Truman,Address Before Joint Session of Congress,March 12,1947
The speech quoted above would be most useful to historians analyzing the

A) policies and methods designed to root out communists in the United States.
B) appropriate powers of the executive branch in conducting foreign policy.
C) attempts of the United States to defend a position of global leadership.
D) domestic opposition to the Korean and Vietnam wars.

Answer 1

attempts of the United States to defend a position of global leadership.

Question 2

The Truman Doctrine was implemented in response to communist threats in

A) Egypt and Israel.
B) Palestine and Jordan.
C) Greece and Turkey.
D) East Germany and Poland.

Answer 2

Greece and Turkey.

Question 3

What accounted for the decline of Britain's influence and power in the years immediately following World War II?

A) It had tremendous budget deficits and a collapsing domestic economy.
B) British society was seriously divided over the nation's international role.
C) The country expended too much effort on the containment of communism in Europe.
D) The United States no longer trusted British leadership in world affairs.

Answer 3

It had tremendous budget deficits and a collapsing domestic economy.

Question 4

Which of the following was a long-term consequence of the Korean War?

A) The war ended the American military-industrial complex.
B) It established a precedent of avoiding atomic weapons in future Cold War conflicts.
C) The war convinced Americans of the futility of fighting Asian wars.
D) It established the law that the president was the commander-in-chief.

Question 5

Which of the following describes the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)in 1949?

A) It was the first American peacetime military alliance since 1783.
B) The United States funded the militaries of all of the participating countries.
C) NATO explicitly and permanently excluded the Federal Republic of Germany.
D) The alliance was formed in order to impose a blockade on Berlin.

Question 6

Which of the following established the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe?

A) Eisenhower Doctrine
B) Casablanca Conference
C) Marshall Plan
D) Yalta Agreement

Question 7

The creator of containment,who enumerated his fears in the Long Telegram in 1946,was

A) George Kennan.
B) George Marshall.
C) Harry Truman.
D) James Byrnes.

Question 8

What was President Truman's response to the invasion of South Korea in 1950?

A) He asked the UN Security Council to authorize a "police action."
B) Truman asked Congress for a declaration of war and they complied.
C) He decided to pursue a policy of watchful waiting before committing troops.
D) Truman appealed to Congress to send aid to the anticommunist Koreans.

Question 9

Which of the following Axis nations did the United States help rebuild economically after World War II to make it a bulwark against communism during the Cold War?

A) Bulgaria
B) East Germany
C) Austria
D) Japan

Question 10

For the following question,refer to the following excerpt. To ensure the peaceful development of nations,free from coercion,the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations.The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members.We shall not realize our objectives,however,unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes....
At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life.The choice is too often not a free one.
One way of life is based upon the will of the majority,and is distinguished by free institutions,representative government,free elections,guarantees of individual liberty,freedom of speech and religion,and freedom from political oppression.
The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority.It relies upon terror and oppression,a controlled press and radio,fixed elections,and the suppression of personal freedoms.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.
President Harry S.Truman,Address Before Joint Session of Congress,March 12,1947
In its efforts to address the challenges indicated above by President Truman,the United States

A) developed a foreign policy based on collective security.
B) accelerated postwar decolonization.
C) refused to aid noncommunist regimes that did not commit themselves to democracy.
D) consistently avoided military confrontation in favor of détente.

Question 11

In the Munich analogy,Americans justified containment by applying the lessons learned from

A) the division of Germany.
B) the founding of the United Nations.
C) appeasing Hitler.
D) the Nazi-Soviet Pact.

Question 12

Which of the following occurred as a reaction to the massive wave of strikes that shook the United States in 1946?

A) Congress abolished the Office of Price Administration.
B) Truman passed the Employment Act of 1946.
C) Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Truman's veto.
D) The U.S.government abandoned its Keynesian economic policies.

Question 13

From the U.S.perspective,the Cold War was precipitated by

A) Stalin's refusal to allow self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe.
B) the Soviet Union's explosion of an atomic bomb and later a hydrogen bomb.
C) the Soviet Union's participation in the creation of the Warsaw Pact.
D) Stalin's refusal to allow Eastern European countries to participate in the Marshall Plan.

Question 14

Which of the following occurred at the Potsdam Conference in 1945?

A) Stalin demanded that the United States share the secrets of the atomic bomb.
B) The Allies failed to reach agreement over the postwar occupation of Germany.
C) Inexperienced in world affairs,Truman used "tough" methods with the Soviets.
D) Truman conceded the Soviet Union's right to impose a procommunist government on Poland.

Question 15

Which of the following occurred after the Chinese Communists defeated the Nationalists in 1949?

A) The United States recognized the new government of China.
B) Truman and his aides supported China's admission to the UN.
C) Conservative critics accused the State Department of losing China.
D) Americans refused to recognize the exiled Nationalist government established in Taiwan.

Question 16

The National Security Council's report known as NSC-68 proposed that

A) the United States must significantly increase its defense spending.
B) good relations with the Soviet Union were imperative.
C) critics had exaggerated the strength of the Soviet military.
D) a dangerous arms race would follow the development of the hydrogen bomb.

Question 17

During the late 1940s and early 1950s,the United States and the USSR came closest to war over

A) the Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
B) Soviet arm shipments to North Korea during the Korean War.
C) Soviet refusal to allow Eastern European countries to participate in the Marshall Plan.
D) Soviet aid to communist movements in Greece and Turkey.

Question 18

Harry Truman's historical reputation is based on his work as a(n)

A) New Dealer.
B) Cold Warrior.
C) challenger of the labor movement.
D) opponent of the civil rights agenda.

Question 19

President Truman relieved General MacArthur of his Korean command because MacArthur

A) refused to launch a surprise amphibious invasion behind North Korean lines.
B) ordered his troops to cross the 38th parallel and proceed to the Chinese border.
C) publicly called the conflict "the wrong war,at the wrong place ...with the wrong enemy."
D) sent American bombers on an unauthorized raid on mainland China.

Question 20

When the United Nations first convened on April 25,1945,it consisted of

A) a single assembly.
B) a small board of delegates from the United States and the Soviet Union.
C) separate assemblies for Eastern and Western Europe.
D) the General Assembly and Security Council.

Question 21

In 1947,the Truman administration reacted to the growing anticommunist fervor in the country by

A) denouncing it as a Republican-inspired witch hunt against liberals and New Dealers.
B) ordering the FBI to conduct major investigations of all congressional Republicans.
C) issuing an executive order to investigate all federal employees' loyalty.
D) doing nothing,trusting that the issue was a Republican ploy that would soon go away.

Question 22

Who was the leader of the liberal wing of the Republican Party in the 1950s?

A) Dwight Eisenhower
B) Robert Taft
C) Barry Goldwater
D) Nelson Rockefeller

Question 23

Which of the following statements characterizes the events surrounding the Suez crisis?

A) Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal and later built the Aswan Dam with Soviet assistance.
B) The United States supported the attack on Egypt carried out by Israel,Great Britain,and France after the Egyptian government nationalized the Suez Canal.
C) Soviet influence in the Third World declined because it became apparent that the Soviet Union could not defend its allies.
D) With the West's attention focused on the Suez Canal,the Soviet Union took advantage of the situation to seize control of Afghanistan.

Question 24

In the late 1940s and early 1950s,the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A) investigated Joseph McCarthy and other extreme anticommunists' abuses of power.
B) stood in contrast to McCarthy due to its careful investigations of alleged subversive activities.
C) targeted the film industry as part of its larger anticommunist agenda.
D) confined itself to investigating anti-American propaganda and sentiment abroad.

Question 25

What factor served as the basis for the United States' determination of whether it would support or oppose a country and its government during the 1950s?

A) The country's stance on communism
B) Its geographic location
C) Its level of democratic participation
D) A country's adherence to UN human rights standards

Question 26

What was the distinguishing characteristic of President Eisenhower's "New Look" in foreign policy in the 1950s?

A) A conventional army three times the size of the Soviet army
B) Increased hydrogen bomb production and long-range bombing strength
C) The dismantling of Truman's containment policies
D) A commitment to raise arms against all nations unfriendly to Western capitalism

Question 27

Which of the following policies would the Dixiecrats have opposed?

A) Desegregating the armed forces
B) Government efforts to spur economic growth
C) Deficit spending to aid education
D) A federally mandated increase in the minimum wage

Question 28

Why did the United States refuse to support Ho Chi Minh,the leader of North Vietnam,during the late 1950s?

A) He treated the North Vietnamese cruelly.
B) He sympathized with the Japanese occupiers.
C) He was a communist.
D) He had taken control by force.

Question 29

During the Eisenhower administration,the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)helped overthrow the government of

A) Cuba.
B) Indonesia.
C) Albania.
D) Iran.

Question 30

Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigation committee lost all credibility when it attacked

A) the U.S.Army.
B) the State Department.
C) Hollywood.
D) the FBI.

Question 31

Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential election of 1948?

A) Truman owed his victory to the large African American voter turnout in the South.
B) The left and right wings of the Democratic Party split off and nominated separate candidates.
C) Thomas Dewey's defeat stemmed from the nomination of Strom Thurmond as his running mate.
D) The Republican Congress effectively tarnished Truman's reputation,leading to his defeat.

Question 32

Which of the following issues was directly associated with McCarthyism?

A) Campaign finance reform
B) Allegations of communism
C) The Fair Deal
D) Modern Republicanism

Question 33

Which provision of the Geneva Accords was never realized?

A) Free elections for a united Vietnam in 1956
B) French withdrawal of troops from the north in Vietnam
C) Partitioning of Vietnam
D) Establishment of a demarcation line at the seventeenth parallel

Question 34

Which of the following statements describes modern Republicanism?

A) President Eisenhower rejected it as the repudiation of Abraham Lincoln's legacy.
B) George Kennan called it a critical aspect of containment policy.
C) It called for a drastic reduction in the size and activities of the federal government.
D) The philosophy emphasized moderating rather than dismantling the New Deal state.

Question 35

Which of the following describes life in the United States during the Cold War?

A) Fearful of powerful government,the public insisted on decreasing the power of the president.
B) Tension over communism abroad fostered a period of domestic repression and fear at home.
C) Intent on protecting itself from communism,the United States banned covert operations abroad.
D) Fearing creeping socialism,Congress cut back on Social Security and unemployment insurance.

Question 36

Truman's domestic program during his second term in office was known as the

A) New Deal.
B) New Frontier.
C) Square Deal.
D) Fair Deal.

Question 37

Why did the American Medical Association oppose Truman's proposal for national health insurance in 1949?

A) They considered it a corporate sellout.
B) They denounced it as socialized medicine.
C) The organization claimed it was insufficient.
D) The group feared for the future of Medicare.

Question 38

What event led southern Democrats to bolt from the Democratic Party in 1948?

A) Truman tried to extend labor unions into the southern textile industry.
B) Hubert Humphrey put a strong civil rights agenda on the party's platform.
C) They followed former vice president Henry Wallace into his new Progressive Party.
D) Republican Thomas Dewey offered a platform they found much more attractive.

Question 39

President Eisenhower authorized CIA agents to undermine Mohammad Mossadegh's political power to

A) protect Western oil interests.
B) apply the domino theory to the Middle East.
C) inhibit the growth of radical Islam.
D) hinder an alliance between Iranian and Vietnamese communists.

Question 40

Which of the following parts of Truman's domestic agenda actually earned congressional approval in 1949?

A) National health insurance
B) An extension of the Social Security program
C) Agricultural reforms
D) Guaranteed employment for all Americans

Question 41

Answer the following questions :
Truman Doctrine

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 42

Answer the following questions :
Potsdam Conference

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 43

The Eisenhower Doctrine was issued in response to difficulties in

A) Southeast Asia.
B) Hungary.
C) the Middle East.
D) Czechoslovakia.

Question 44

Answer the following questions :
NSC-68

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 45

Answer the following questions :
Bay of Pigs

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 46

Answer the following questions :
Warsaw Pact

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 47

The opponents of Diem's regime in South Vietnam created a new revolutionary movement in 1961 that was known as the

A) Ho Chi Minh Brigade.
B) Vietcong.
C) Vietminh.
D) Revolutionary Communist Party.

Question 48

Buddhists in Vietnam expressed their discontent with the Diem authoritarian regime in May 1963 by

A) writing letters to President Kennedy appealing for U.S.intervention.
B) petitioning the Diem regime directly with grievances.
C) staging dramatic demonstrations,including self-immolations.
D) publishing newspapers and fliers critical of the regime.

Question 49

Answer the following questions :
Eisenhower Doctrine

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 50

Which 1962 event prompted a slight thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations?

A) The Cuban missile crisis
B) The construction of the Berlin Wall
C) Kennedy's inauguration of the Peace Corps
D) A successful democratic revolution in Hungary

Question 51

Early opposition to Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam came in part from

A) South Vietnamese Catholics.
B) South Vietnamese Buddhists.
C) President Eisenhower.
D) President Johnson.

Question 52

In 1962,John F.Kennedy secured funding for a nonmilitary initiative to advance the Cold War agenda known as

A) the United Nations Children's Fund.
B) Students for a Democratic Society.
C) the Marshall Plan.
D) the Peace Corps.

Question 53

Answer the following questions :
Peace Corps

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 54

John F.Kennedy's policy toward South Vietnam included

A) increasing the number of American troops on the ground to 16,000 by 1963.
B) secretly bombing the jungle trails of the Vietminh in Cambodia and Laos.
C) encouraging the South Vietnamese government to adopt the "strategic hamlet" strategy.
D) supporting a coup to oust Ngo Dinh Diem and install a pro-American government.

Question 55

Which of the following statements describes the presidential election of 1960?

A) Kennedy won a decisive victory over Richard Nixon.
B) The New Deal Democratic coalition failed because southern whites voted Republican.
C) Kennedy won by a very slim margin of just a few thousand votes.
D) Richard Nixon's popularity was due to his impressive performance on television.

Question 56

Which of the following events was a major foreign policy blunder during the Kennedy administration?

A) Cuban missile crisis
B) Building of the Berlin Wall
C) Bay of Pigs
D) Alliance for Progress

Question 57

Answer the following questions :
containment

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 58

Answer the following questions :
Cuban missile crisis

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 59

Which of the following occurred during the Cuban missile crisis?

A) President Kennedy worked quietly through diplomatic channels to resolve the problem.
B) Khrushchev used television to alert the world to the crisis.
C) The United States and the Soviet Union came closer to nuclear war than at any other time.
D) Khrushchev ordered a quarantine of American shipments headed for Cuba.

Question 60

Answer the following questions :
United Nations

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 61

Was a Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union inevitable? Explain your answer.

Question 62

How were the ideas of George F.Kennan reflected in Truman's Cold War policies?

Question 63

How does the knowledge of espionage in American government affect how we evaluate McCarthyism?

Question 64

Answer the following questions :
"New Look"

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 65

How were President Truman's and Eisenhower's foreign policies similar? How did they differ?

Question 66

Answer the following questions :
domino theory

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 67

Answer the following questions :
Taft-Hartley Act

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 68

Answer the following questions :
Cold War liberalism

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 69

Why did the United States support right-wing dictatorships?

Question 70

How did America's deepening involvement in the Third World in the 1950s present the nation with a dilemma?

Question 71

Answer the following questions :
Marshall Plan

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 72

What were the components of Cold War liberalism?

Question 73

What were the results of President Kennedy's foreign policy?

Question 74

How would you assess overall responsibility for the origins of the Cold War?

Question 75

Answer the following questions :
Fair Deal

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 76

Answer the following questions :
Loyalty-Security Program

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 77

Answer the following questions :
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 78

Answer the following questions :
Yalta Conference

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

Question 79

How did the Fair Deal differ from the New Deal?

Question 80

Answer the following questions :
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A)A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B)An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C)The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D)The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E)President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F)Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G)Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H)A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I)Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J)A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K)Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L)The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M)A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N)Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O)The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P)President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q)President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R)A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S)The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T)Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.