Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

If the United States deported most of the unauthorized immigrants,

A) the government would need to hire hundreds of thousands of additional immigration officers.
B) new prisons would need to be built.
C) expenditures would increase by billions of dollars per year.
D) other government programs would need to be cut to fund the initiative.
E) All of the above are true.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In 1896, the United States Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson

A) ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.
B) tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.
C) stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.
D) agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.
E) ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Today, there are approximately __________ unauthorized immigrants living in the United States.

A) 11 million
B) 111 million
C) 200 million
D) 1 million
E) 35 million

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Fifteenth Amendment

A) outlawed slavery.
B) provided equal protection under the law.
C) gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.
D) states that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.
E) gave women the right to vote.

Question 5

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

A) abolished slavery.
B) forced states to alter their constitutions to end slavery by making the children of slave free while allowing slavery for existing slaves.
C) mandated that all persons "will be treated as total equals from this date forward."
D) allowed slavery to continue for twenty years at which time it would be ended.
E) allowed slavery but banned the importation of slaves immediately.

Question 6

After the Civil War, civil rights legislation was passed by Congress

A) but much of it was very ineffective and parts were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B) and it played a major role in creating equality for African Americans.
C) and was accepted by the American public.
D) that prevented African Americans from being extended equal public accommodations.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 7

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the U.S. Supreme Court held that

A) ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government.
B) public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C) the national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards.
D) separation of races for a reason such as education is not a violation of the Constitution.
E) African Americans could not be denied the right to a college education.

Question 8

The American Indian population declined mostly due to

A) infectious diseases from the Old World.
B) the French and Indian War.
C) intertribal warfare and murder.
D) westward territorial expansion by the Native Americans throughout the nineteenth century.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 9

The Civil Rights Acts passed by Congress between 1865 and1875

A) were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
B) implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.
C) made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.
D) declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 10

The tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting were called

A) poll tests.
B) constitutional exams.
C) literacy tests.
D) primary tests.
E) registration tests.

Question 11

Which of the following regarding immigration is true?

A) Today, most immigrants to the United States come from Europe.
B) Major issues include debate about whether illegal immigrants should be given amnesty and be allowed to become U.S. citizens.
C) The number of multiracial persons has been declining in recent years.
D) All Hispanics are from Mexico.
E) Options C and D are true.

Question 12

The term civil rights refers to

A) the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment.
B) civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech or assembly.
C) what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.
D) limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.
E) Options A and C are true.

Question 13

Today there are __________ Native Americans living in the United States.

A) 30 million
B) 13 million
C) 800 thousand
D) 3.2 million
E) 300 million

Question 14

The Thirteenth Amendment

A) ended slavery but not involuntary servitude.
B) provides that all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States.
C) does not apply to illegal immigrants.
D) provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the United States.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 15

The Fifteenth Amendment provides that

A) citizens will not be denied the right to vote based on skin color.
B) children born in the United States will be granted U.S. citizenship.
C) slavery and involuntary servitude would end.
D) the right to vote will not be denied on the basis of religion or gender.
E) the right to vote shall be determined by state laws.

Question 16

The impact of illegal immigrant labor on the economy is

A) positive because the number of the jobs in the economy are not fixed.
B) positive because immigrants spend money on goods and services.
C) negative because immigrants require services paid for by taxpayers.
D) positive because immigrants pay state taxes.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 17

A poll tax was used to

A) prevent northern immigrants from moving to the South and voting in local elections.
B) determine who was intelligent enough to vote.
C) dissuade African Americans and poor whites from voting.
D) force individuals to buy property in order to be eligible to vote.
E) raise funds for voter registration among the minority community.

Question 18

Civil rights

A) include women's rights.
B) resulted in legislation that secured basic rights for all Americans.
C) have not always been accorded to certain groups such as Native Americans, African Americans, women, and older Americans.
D) are concerned with protecting groups from discrimination.
E) All the above are true.

Question 19

In the 1944 case of Smith v. Allwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled the _________ to be a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment.

A) literacy test
B) poll tax
C) grandfather clause
D) white primary
E) black primary

Question 20

The white primary in southern states allowed

A) all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.
B) whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.
C) voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.
D) African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.
E) whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

Question 21

The use of __________ was (were) instrumental in bringing about the integration of lunch counters, buses, and trains.

A) sit-ins
B) roadblocks at night in rural areas
C) court injunctions that prohibited interstate travel in areas threatened by violence
D) the threat of armed force
E) public demonstrations featuring violence against whites

Question 22

Which of the following is true about women's rights?

A) The struggle for women's rights first began in earnest at a convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
B) Women's voting rights are found in the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
C) Women's suffrage is the right to equal pay for equal work.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 23

Which of the following about the civil rights movement is true?

A) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated nonviolent civil disobedience as a means to rational justice.
B) African Americans were alone in the nonviolent demonstrations for civil rights.
C) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led the black power movement.
D) Advocates of the black power movement only advocated peaceful racial assimilation.
E) The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom celebrated the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 24

A major consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was

A) the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests.
B) the establishment of federal voter registrars.
C) the establishment of federally administered voter registration procedures.
D) limitations on the abilities of counties in the South to change voter registration procedures without federal approval.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 25

The civil rights movement

A) only benefited African Americans.
B) has eliminated the economic disparities between whites and minority groups.
C) has eliminated poverty in most minority groups.
D) has benefited many different minority groups.
E) All the above are true.

Question 26

In the 1960s and 1970s, women's groups became divided over issues including

A) the Equal Rights Amendment.
B) pornography.
C) abortion rights.
D) Options A and C are true.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 27

One method employed by the federal courts to address segregation was

A) busing students from black neighborhoods in to white neighborhoods.
B) busing students from white neighborhoods to black neighborhoods.
C) integrating the police force.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 28

De facto segregation

A) occurred in northern school districts.
B) occurred in northern residential neighborhoods.
C) confined African Americans to mixed neighborhoods determined by the courts.
D) confined African Americans to all-black districts.
E) Options A, B, and D are true.

Question 29

All of the following are true of the 1964 and 1968 Civil Rights Acts except

A) the right to equality of opportunity in employment was included.
B) discrimination in public accommodations was banned.
C) it allowed state governments to control school integration.
D) discrimination in housing was banned.
E) it provided penalties for those attempting to interfere with civil rights workers.

Question 30

African Americans make up about _________ of the U.S. population.

A) 3 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 13 percent
D) 23 percent
E) 33 percent

Question 31

The Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), held that

A) school integration was to take place immediately.
B) school integration was to occur with all deliberate speed.
C) school integration was to take place using the school transportation system.
D) school integration was to take place within two years.
E) Options A and B are true.

Question 32

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) contains a due process clause.
B) contains language that is similar to that found in the Fifth Amendment.
C) contains language that is similar to that found in the First Amendment.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 33

The civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was based on the philosophy of

A) nonviolent civil disobedience.
B) divide and conquer.
C) "equality for all, through strong force when necessary."
D) equality of practice that did not have to exclude racial segregation.
E) equality "by any means necessary."

Question 34

De facto segregation means

A) segregation because of residential racial patterns and concentration of populations, not because of laws.
B) segregation based on different native languages.
C) racial segregation based on law.
D) segregation of southern European immigrants.
E) segregation to a minor degree.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about women's rights is true?

A) The Supreme Court has ruled that certain jobs cannot establish arbitrary rules on weight and height requirements that would keep women out of the professions.
B) Title IX guaranteed women's participation in high schools and collegiate athletics.
C) Women have been allowed to serve as combat pilots.
D) State-financed military academies cannot exclude women students.
E) All the above are true.

Question 36

Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender

A) is sexual harassment.
B) is gender discrimination.
C) violates Title IV.
D) violates the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
E) is considered illegal if engaged in by a private corporation but acceptable if engaged in by the government.

Question 37

African American leader Malcolm X

A) supported the group known as the Underground Railroad.
B) agreed with King's philosophy of nonviolence.
C) believed in "black power" and racial separation.
D) believed in the philosophy of "turn the other cheek."
E) was one of King's closest colleagues.

Question 38

In an attempt to achieve integration,

A) students were sent to the school that was near to where they lived.
B) busing students across neighborhoods was ordered by the courts.
C) methods were determined by local committees of parents.
D) busing was peacefully accomplished in many big cities.
E) All the above are true.

Question 39

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique

A) provided the credo for the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.
B) described the unequal status of women in the United States.
C) argued that women should not work outside the home.
D) advocated socialism as a solution to women's problems.
E) presented the position that birth control should not be readily available because it would encourage women to engage in marital infidelity and premarital sex.

Question 40

Feminism is

A) a movement supported by women but not men in the United States.
B) the movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women.
C) supported by all women in the United States.
D) a movement that began with the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966.
E) Options B and D are true.

Question 41

In the 2003 decision of Lawrence v. Texas, the United States Supreme Court

A) upheld a Texas law that made homosexual conduct a crime.
B) overturned laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private to be unconstitutional.
C) invalidated anti-discrimination laws that protect homosexuals.
D) upheld the Court's previous decision in Bowers v. Hardwick.
E) indicated that states could declare homosexuality a crime.

Question 42

"Don't ask, don't tell", the policy of requiring gay men and lesbians in the U.S. Military to hide their sexual orientation

A) is still the policy of the U.S. Department of Defense.
B) was first implemented during the Clinton Administration.
C) required that enlistees be questioned about their sexual orientation.
D) did not end expulsion of gay and lesbian military personnel.
E) Options B and D are true.

Question 43

All of the following are true of women in the work place today except

A) the glass ceiling refers to the fact that only a small percentage of the top corporate officer positions are held by women.
B) for every dollar earned by men, women earn about 59 cents.
C) jobs that are traditionally held by women pay more than those traditionally held by men.
D) pay discrimination is still an issue in the workplace for women.
E) the Equal Pay Act states that there should be equal pay for equal work.

Question 44

The Supreme Court case, In re Gault provided that

A) eighteen year olds be given the right to vote.
B) children have a Constitutional right to counsel.
C) children have a right to divorce their parents.
D) children have a right to marry at age seventeen.
E) children are the property of their parents.

Question 45

In 2003, the United States Supreme Court considered two different admissions policies adopted at the University of Michigan Law School and

A) for the first time, ruled that an affirmative action was unconstitutional.
B) ruled that "diversity" could not be a compelling government interest.
C) approved affirmative action plans that took race into consideration as part of a complete examination of the applicant's background.
D) approved a plan that automatically awarded points toward admission to minority applicants.
E) ruled that the time had come for all affirmative action programs to end, since government could do nothing more to alleviate the effects of past discrimination.

Question 46

The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 was passed in response to

A) a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court that might have allowed same-sex couples to marry.
B) the passage of Vermont's civil union law.
C) the legalization of same-sex marriages in Massachusetts.
D) the Supreme Court's striking down of anti-sodomy laws in Lawrence v. Texas.
E) the establishment of civil unions in Minnesota.

Question 47

The policy in admissions or hiring that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination is known as

A) affirmative action.
B) legislative mandate.
C) civil liberties.
D) civil rights.
E) the Lincoln dilemma.

Question 48

On the issue of sexual harassment, the Supreme Court has ruled that

A) employers are not responsible for harassment undertaken by their employees.
B) individuals cannot be sexually harassed by members of their own gender.
C) it is considered sexual harassment when words or actions of a sexual nature interfere with the employee's work or create a "hostile environment."
D) it is not illegal to condition promotions on sexual favors.
E) laws against sexual harassment violate the First Amendment's protection of free speech.

Question 49

The law has given children certain defenses against criminal prosecution because

A) parents punish children more effectively than the criminal justice system.
B) of their presumed inability to have criminal intent.
C) the Constitution does not provide for criminal prosecution of juveniles.
D) juveniles are too costly to incarcerate.
E) constitutional protections regarding education shield a number of juvenile behaviors.

Question 50

The Americans with Disabilities Act does NOT apply to

A) blindness.
B) AIDS.
C) alcoholism.
D) cancer.
E) carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 51

The Supreme Court's decision in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña ruled that an affirmative action program

A) must not use preferences or quotas for unqualified persons.
B) may use racial or ethnic classifications in limited circumstances.
C) must be changed or dropped once the program has succeeded.
D) must meet strict scrutiny by the courts.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 52

Hispanics

A) may be of any race according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
B) have fewer rights than other minority groups because they are not citizens.
C) are a diverse population, originating from primarily Spanish-speaking countries.
D) are the second largest minority group in the United States behind African Americans.
E) Options A and C are true.

Question 53

The charge that some affirmative action programs discriminate against non-minorities is called

A) racial profiling.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) quota-busting.
D) anti-bias civil rights.
E) adverse minority preference.

Question 54

The Supreme Court ruled in the Bakke case that

A) affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools but not to be utilized in medical schools.
B) race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.
C) all affirmative action programs were ruled unconstitutional.
D) race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.
E) quota systems are constitutional.

Question 55

In the 1996 decision of Romer v. Evans, the Supreme Court

A) overturned a Georgia law that declared homosexual conduct a crime.
B) discouraged states from repealing sodomy laws.
C) invalidated Colorado anti-discrimination laws that protect homosexuals.
D) invalidated a Colorado law that denied homosexuals the right to seek specific protection of the law.
E) ruled that the federal government could not refuse to hire gay men or lesbians.

Question 56

When reaching the age of majority

A) a person is entitled to handle one's own affairs without parental interference.
B) an individual is not legally liable for contracts signed.
C) a person may be subject to more serious penalties for crimes committed.
D) an immigrant is eligible to become an American citizen.
E) Options A and C are true.

Question 57

The repeal of "don't ask, don't tell" came,

A) into full enforcement in 2011.
B) as a result of a U.S. District Court ruling.
C) due to quick action by Congress after the 2008 elections.
D) because of a change in public opinion on the issue.
E) Options A and D are true.

Question 58

Women have risen to power due to

A) their place in monarchies based on heredity.
B) their place as the spouse or daughter of a recently deceased elected official.
C) through winning elections without succeeding male relatives.
D) Options, A, B, and C are true.
E) through constitutional requirements to balance the sexes in office.

Question 59

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

A) requires employers to provide equal pay for substantially equal work.
B) requires employers to re-grade the pay scales for the comparable but different jobs held by women and men to make them more equitable.
C) requires that employers promote more women into managerial positions.
D) allows for men to be paid more than women with the same job responsibilities if they have families.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 60

The riot at Stonewall Inn that began the modern movement for equality for Gay Males and Lesbians was sparked by

A) a raid by police on a bar popular with gay men and lesbians.
B) a feeling in the gay and lesbian community that the police were targeting them for harassment.
C) anti-gay protestors who showed up at the bar.
D) an attempt by a gay couple to hold a marriage ceremony at the bar.
E) Options A and B are true.

Question 61

Explain the significance of the constitutional amendments enacted in the five years following the end of the Civil War.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the struggle for women's rights with the struggle for civil rights.

Question 63

Describe the barriers to voting faced by African Americans after the Civil War.

Question 64

Explain the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education and the impact it had on education and the new problems it created.

Question 65

Describe the significance of the Dred Scott Case and the legal status of slaves in the United States prior to the Civil War.

Question 66

Describe the consequences of civil rights legislation in terms of political participation of African Americans and other minorities.

Question 67

Contrast the approaches of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X.

Question 68

Explain the Americans with Disabilities Act and what impact it has had.

Question 69

Explain the consequences of a policy that required the deportation of all unauthorized immigrants.

Question 70

Explain the difference between de jure and de facto segregation. Provide examples of each in practice,

Question 71

Describe the issue of disparity in incarceration rates for African Americans as compared to whites. Is the justice system fair or discriminatory in its application of the law?

Question 72

Explain the arguments both for and against affirmative action.

Question 73

How have courts and legislative bodies at both the federal and state level attempted to address issues concerning the rights and status of homosexuals?