Deck 14: Personality Disorders

Question 1

Britta is easily "rattled," and she handles stress very poorly. Based on this information, Britta probably scores highly on measures of the five-factor dimension of _____.

A) neuroticism.
B) conscientiousness.
C) agreeableness.
D) openness.

Answer 1

neuroticism.

Question 2

Cluster ______ contains dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer 2

B

Question 3

"Extraversion may become maladaptive and cause an individual to value herself only when she is in a relationship." This statement brings ______ personality disorder MOST immediately to mind.

A) paranoid
B) narcissistic
C) dependent
D) schizoid

Answer 3

dependent

Question 4

______ personality disorder seems to increase in severity over the course of the lifespan.

A) Borderline
B) Schizoid
C) Antisocial
D) Avoidant

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true concerning personality disorders?

A) They tend to come and go.
B) They last a long time.
C) They are usually apparent in adolescence.
D) They impair an individual's life.

Question 6

Kelly is thinking about her life and considering the changes she'd like to make in the coming year. With respect to the aspects of a healthy self, Kelly's contemplation BEST reflects ______

A) empathy
B) intimacy
C) self-direction
D) identity

Question 7

Anhedonia and withdrawal are ______ versions of ______.

A) adaptive; extraversion
B) adaptive; introversion
C) maladaptive; extraversion
D) maladaptive; introversion

Question 8

Which of the following five-factor personality traits generally increases during the transition into adulthood?

A) agreeableness
B) neuroticism
C) extraversion
D) openness

Question 9

With respect to the five-factor model of personality, "antagonistic" and "cooperative" might be appropriate labels for opposite ends of the ______ dimension.

A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) openness

Question 10

Of the broad categories of personality disorders, Cluster ______ is the LEAST common.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 11

Chryssie has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. She is MOST likely to score highly on every facet of the five-factor trait of ______.

A) concientiousness
B) neuroticism
C) extraversion
D) openness

Question 12

Which figure is MOST likely a valid estimate of the prevalence of personality disorders in the United States?

A) 0.1%
B) 1%
C) 11%
D) 21%

Question 13

Cluster A personality disorders do NOT include ______ personality disorder.

A) paranoid
B) schizotypal
C) schizoid
D) borderline

Question 14

Chris describes herself as curious and imaginative. Chris is likely to score high on a measure of ______.

A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) openness

Question 15

A ______ disorder reflects an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture.

A) dissociative
B) psychotic
C) personality
D) anxiety

Question 16

Chloe feels that she is nothing without a partner to take care of her. She has been described as "needy" and "clingy." Based on this information, Chloe BEST illustrates ______ personality disorder.

A) dependent
B) narcissistic
C) histrionic
D) schizotypal

Question 17

Which trait is NOT a personality dimension in the five-factor model?

A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) sensation-seeking

Question 18

An individual who is diagnosed with a personality disorder is also fairly likely to be diagnosed with any of the following types of disorders EXCEPT ______.

A) schizophrenia
B) substance use disorders
C) mood disorders
D) anxiety disorders

Question 19

With respect to personality disorders, eccentric is to erratic as ______ is to ______.

A) dependent; paranoid
B) Cluster A; Cluster B
C) histrionic; schizotypal
D) Cluster B; Cluster C

Question 20

Michelle describes herself as undisciplined and disorganized. Michelle is likely to score low on a measure of ______.

A) neuroticism.
B) conscientiousness.
C) agreeableness.
D) openness.

Question 21

______ personality disorder is NOT characterized by coldness.

A) Dependent
B) Paranoid
C) Schizoid
D) Schizotypal

Question 22

What is a defining feature that distinguishes antisocial personality disorder from psychopathy?

A) The criteria for antisocial personality disorder emphasize breaking societal rules with a focus on observable behaviors, whereas psychopathy has more of a focus on internal personality and lack of remorse.
B) There are specific diagnostic tests for psychopathy, which do not exist for antisocial personality disorder.
C) To qualify for psychopathy, someone needs to have a history of conduct disorder in childhood.
D) People with antisocial personality disorder always feel remorse for their bad actions, whereas psychopaths do not.

Question 23

Characterized by odd beliefs and behaviors, individuals with ______ personality disorder have a tendency toward magical thinking.

A) narcissistic
B) borderline
C) paranoid
D) schizotypal

Question 24

The textbook suggests that the only personality disorder that is more nature than nurture is ______ personality disorder.

A) histrionic
B) borderline
C) avoidant
D) paranoid

Question 25

______ personality disorder is closely related to psychopathy.

A) Antisocial
B) Schizotypal
C) Obsessive-compulsive
D) Dependent

Question 26

A person appears at your practice for treatment. The person describes a long-standing history of believing in omens and telepathy; reports having few friends; and shows odd, inappropriate affect, such as laughing when saying something serious. What personality disorder does this patient most likely have?

A) schizotypal
B) schizoid
C) paranoid
D) histrionic

Question 27

What is the primary difference between schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorders ?

A) Schizophrenia is less severe than schizotypal personality disorder.
B) Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder have a better grasp on reality than do those with schizophrenia.
C) Positive symptoms are more pronounced in schizotypal personality disorder.
D) Negative symptoms are more pronounced in schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 28

Thirteen-year-old David meets the criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Because he is under 15, David is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ______.

A) personality disorder not otherwise specified
B) conduct disorder
C) developmental disorder
D) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 29

______ does NOT appear to be a risk factor for the development of personality disorders.

A) Emotional abuse
B) Sexual abuse
C) Permissive parenting
D) Neglect

Question 30

People with narcissistic, histrionic, borderline, or antisocial personality disorder may be described as ______.

A) antagonistic or contentious.
B) anxious or fearful.
C) odd or erratic.
D) dramatic or emotional.

Question 31

Which of the following is characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?

A) superficial charm
B) impulsivity
C) social anxiety
D) clinginess

Question 32

______ personality disorder is classed as a dramatic emotional personality disorder.

A) Avoidant
B) Narcissistic
C) Obsessive-compulsive
D) Paranoid

Question 33

Antisocial personality disorder is to psychopathy as ______ is to ______.

A) internal; severe
B) chronic; acute
C) external; internal
D) acute; chronic

Question 34

Tim appears aloof and displays little emotion. He reports than he doesn't have any friendships because he does not enjoy being with other people. Based on this information, Tim might be diagnosed with ______ personality disorder.

A) schizotypal
B) paranoid
C) schizoid
D) avoidant

Question 35

The five-factor model uses a ______ approach to describe personality. Personality disorders are described using a ______.

A) categorical; categorical approach, too
B) categorical; dimensional approach
C) dimensional; categorical approach
D) dimensional; dimensional approach, too

Question 36

With respect to the brain, both schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder show a(n) ______ in ______ matter.

A) decrease; gray
B) decrease; white
C) increase; gray
D) increase; white

Question 37

The interpersonal style of individuals with ______ personality disorder is often quarrelsome, stubborn, and rigid in their own beliefs.

A) borderline
B) narcissistic
C) paranoid
D) defiant

Question 38

Which choice is MOST likely a valid heritability estimate for a given personality disorder?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 39

Schizotypal PD was introduced to the DSM relatively recently. When was schizotypal PD introduced as a distinct disorder?

A) 1960
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 2000

Question 40

Michael reports concerns that other people are "out to get him." His coworkers describe him as contentious, obstinate, and inflexible in his beliefs. Based on this information, Michael may be diagnosed with ______ personality disorder.

A) schizotypal
B) paranoid
C) schizoid
D) avoidant

Question 41

Kyle reports dramatic fluctuations in his mood and an underlying sense of emptiness. He also describes unstable interpersonal relationships and chronic fears of abandonment. Based on this information, the MOST appropriate diagnosis for Kyle is ______ personality disorder.

A) histrionic
B) narcissistic
C) borderline
D) dependent

Question 42

Fearlessness is one aspect of ______.

A) borderline personality disorder
B) psychopathy
C) schizotypy
D) dependent personality disorder

Question 43

______ personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.

A) Narcissistic
B) Histrionic
C) Borderline
D) Schizoid

Question 44

Although antisocial personality disorder is relatively rare in the general population, it is seen in as many as ______% of those in a correctional setting.

A) 3-6
B) 20-45
C) 50-80
D) 80-100

Question 45

Of those with borderline personality disorder, approximately _____ engage in self-injurious behavior?

A) one quarter
B) one half
C) two thirds
D) three quarters

Question 46

Approximately ______% of individuals with borderline personality disorder will show a reduction in their symptoms over a 10-year period.

A) 5
B) 25
C) 50
D) 85

Question 47

______ personality disorder is marked by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and oversensitivity to negative evaluation.

A) avoidant
B) narcissistic
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) dependent

Question 48

Fearless is to fearful preoccupation as ______ personality disorder is to ______ personality disorder.

A) narcissistic; histrionic
B) narcissistic; borderline
C) antisocial; borderline
D) antisocial; histrionic

Question 49

______ personality disorder is named after the Greek figure who fell in love with his own reflection.

A) Narcissistic
B) Schizoid
C) Histrionic
D) Hebephrenic

Question 50

Attention-seeking and exaggerated emotionality are the essence of ______ personality disorder.

A) narcissistic
B) histrionic
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal

Question 51

Fearfulness and avoidance define the behavior of people with personality disorders in Cluster ______.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 52

People with ______ personality disorder tend to form intense relationships with another individual. When the relationship doesn't work out, they lash out in anger and may injure themselves to get attention from their person of interest.

A) borderline
B) depressive
C) paranoid
D) narcissistic

Question 53

Among people with borderline personality disorder, Eisenberger and colleagues (2003) found that activity in the ______ was positively related to self-reported distress during the Cyberball game, whereas activity in the ______ was negatively related to self-reported distress.

A) anterior cingulate cortex; ventral prefrontal cortex
B) ventral prefrontal cortex; anterior cingulate cortex
C) anterior insula; orbitofrontal cortex
D) orbitofrontal cortex; anterior insula

Question 54

Which figure offers the BEST ballpark estimate of the prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder?

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 55

Ariana dresses provocatively and is always flirtatious. She likes to be the center of attention and considers everyone her closest friend. She is highly emotional; some find her shallow. Ariana displays some of the characteristics of ______ personality disorder.

A) narcissistic
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) schizotypal

Question 56

One "Cluster C" personality disorder is ______ personality disorder.

A) schizotypal
B) narcissistic
C) avoidant
D) histrionic

Question 57

The computer game "Cyberball" is designed to induce feelings of ______.

A) rejection
B) happiness
C) guilt
D) grief

Question 58

The phrase "fearful preoccupation" is sometimes used to describe people with ______ personality disorder.

A) schizoid
B) borderline
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) histrionic

Question 59

______ many other psychological disorders, psychopathy is associated with a ______ amygdala.

A) Like; larger
B) Like; smaller
C) Unlike; larger
D) Unlike; smaller

Question 60

Approximately 65% of those without a mental disorder are securely attached. The corresponding proportion among those with borderline personality disorder is ______%.

A) 5 to 10
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 30
D) 35 to 40

Question 61

Loosely, obsessive-compulsive disorder is to obessesive-compulsive personality disorder as ______ is to ______.

A) external; internal
B) compulsion; obsession
C) obsession; compulsion
D) internal; external

Question 62

Kerri is a "cutter." She has thin scars running lengthwise from the tips of several fingers on her left hand down almost to first knuckle. She has been diagnosed recently with borderline personality disorder. Based on this information, ______ may be an especially appropriate form of treatment for Kerri.

A) dialectical behavioral therapy
B) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
C) transference-focused psychotherapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 63

Empirically supported treatments for borderline personality disorder do NOT include ______.

A) dialectical behavioral therapy.
B) transference-focused psychotherapy.
C) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy.
D) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy.

Question 64

Cluster C contains one of the most common of any of the personality disorders. This disorder is ______ personality disorder.

A) avoidant
B) dependent
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) schizotypal

Question 65

Dialectical behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for ______ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) borderline
D) dependent

Question 66

Professionals working in the criminal justice system are often responsible for the initial treatment of people with ______ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) schizoid
C) paranoid
D) narcissistic

Question 67

Impulsivity is probably LEAST often seen among people with ______ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) borderline
D) histrionic

Question 68

With respect to the treatment of borderline personality disorder, Zen practice is an element of ______.

A) dialectical behavioral therapy
B) transference-focused psychotherapy
C) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
D) treatment alliance therapy

Question 69

Avoidant personality disorder is found in approximately ______% of the population.

A) 0.5 to 1
B) 1 to 2
C) 2 to 5
D) 5 to 8

Question 70

With respect to the treatment of personality disorders, medication is MOST often used for ______ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) borderline
D) dependent

Question 71

______ is an especially appropriate therapy for instances of borderline personality disorder with comorbid substance use disorder.

A) Dialectical behavioral therapy
B) Transference-focused psychotherapy
C) Dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
D) Treatment alliance therapy

Question 72

Of the treatments for borderline personality disorder, ______ is targeted MOST directly at the treatment of self-injurious behavior.

A) dialectical behavioral therapy
B) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) transference-focused psychotherapy

Question 73

"I draw on insight from contemporary neuroscience to help people with borderline personality disorder build stronger self-systems," explains a therapist. This therapist MOST likely practices ______.

A) transference-focused psychotherapy.
B) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy.
C) treatment alliance therapy.
D) dialectical behavioral therapy.

Question 74

Helplessness, a need to be cared for, and "clinginess" are typical of ______ personality disorder.

A) avoidant
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) borderline
D) dependent

Question 75

"I help people with borderline accept and be okay with whatever emotions they're feeling at the moment," explains a therapist. This therapist MOST likely practices ______.

A) transference-focused psychotherapy
B) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
C) treatment alliance therapy
D) dialectical behavioral therapy

Question 76

A healthy, productive relationship between a client and the therapist is often called the treatment ______.

A) contract
B) compact
C) alliance
D) liaison

Question 77

Deb has been diagnosed not only with borderline personality disorder but also alcohol use disorder. Deb might benefit MOST from a treatment called ______.

A) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
B) transference-focused psychotherapy
C) treatment alliance therapy
D) dialectical behavioral therapy

Question 78

Dialectical behavioral therapy was developed by ______.

A) Melanie Klein
B) Hans Strupp
C) Otto Kernberg
D) Marsha Linehan

Question 79

Individuals with Cluster _____ personality disorders are MOST likely to push the boundaries and test the limits of the therapeutic relationship.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 80

In the treatment of borderline personality disorder, ______ is rooted in object-relations theory.

A) dialectical behavioral therapy
B) transference-focused psychotherapy
C) dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy
D) client-centered therapy