Deck 13: Schizophrenia

Question 1

With respect to the etiology of schizophrenia, the prodromal phase ______ the premorbid phase and _____ the psychotic phase.

A) follows; follows
B) follows; precedes
C) precedes; follows
D) precedes; precedes

Answer 1

follows; precedes

Question 2

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ______.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Answer 2

hallucinations

Question 3

Schizophrenia is an example of a(n) _____ disorder.

A) anxiety
B) psychotic
C) personality
D) mood

Answer 3

psychotic

Question 4

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations. What type of symptoms are these?

A) atypical
B) positive
C) negative
D) primary

Question 5

Which pair consists of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) alogia and flat affect
B) anhedonia and disorganized speech
C) avolition and hallucinations
D) delusions and hallucinations

Question 6

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are BEST described as symptoms that ______.

A) are clearly identifiable
B) reflect a decrease in normal functioning
C) reflect an excess or distortion in behavior
D) confer an advantage to the patient

Question 7

People with schizophrenia MOST often report hallucinations in the ______ sense.

A) visual
B) tactile
C) gustatory
D) auditory

Question 8

Schizophrenia affects about 1 person in ______.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 150
D) 200

Question 9

Which alternative correctly arranges schizophrenia-spectrum disorders with respect to symptom duration, from the briefest to the longest?

A) schizophrenia $\rightarrow$ brief psychotic disorder $\rightarrow$ schizophrenia
B) brief psychotic disorder $\rightarrow$ schizophrenia $\rightarrow$ schizophreniform disorder
C) brief psychotic disorder $\rightarrow$ schizophreniform disorder $\rightarrow$ schizophrenia
D) schizophreniform disorder $\rightarrow$ brief psychotic disorder $\rightarrow$ schizophrenia

Question 10

Repeating movements is to repeating words as ______ is to ______.

A) alogia; apraxia
B) apraxia; alogia
C) echolalia; echopraxia
D) echopraxia; echolalia

Question 11

Anna is a patient in a psychiatric hospital. She sits immobile for hours each day in an odd position in the visitor's chair in her room. Anna BEST exemplifies ______ schizophrenia.

A) undifferentiated
B) catatonic
C) residual
D) paranoid

Question 12

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ______.

A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) dissociative disorder
D) antisocial disorder

Question 13

In ______, a person with schizophrenia shows little interest in talking with others.

A) avolition
B) apraxia
C) anhedonia
D) alogia

Question 14

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) ______.

A) phobia
B) delusion
C) alogia
D) hallucination

Question 15

Some researchers believe that ______ schizophrenia should be considered a separate disorder because it responds only to a(n) ______ medication rather than to an antipsychotic.

A) catatonic; antianxiety
B) catatonic; antidepressant
C) paranoid; antianxiety
D) paranoid; antidepressant

Question 16

The television talks to Heidi. It tells her the police are out to get her. Because Heidi has schizophrenia, she is MOST likely experiencing a(n) ______.

A) delusion
B) compulsion
C) illusion
D) hallucination

Question 17

Shereen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen's belief exemplifies a delusion of ______.

A) persecution
B) grandeur
C) reference
D) control

Question 18

Beliefs without support for their occurrence and which are at odds with the individual's current environment are called ______.

A) illusions
B) hallucinations
C) delusions
D) obsessions

Question 19

Delusions of ______ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way.

A) persecution
B) grandeur
C) invulnerability
D) control

Question 20

In the multilevel diagnostic process for schizophrenia, the first level is that of ______, whereas the final level is that of ______.

A) symptoms; functioning
B) functioning; duration
C) symptoms; duration
D) duration; symptoms

Question 21

The ______ were a "banner decade"in the history of schizophrenia.

A) 1820s
B) 1850s
C) 1870s
D) 1920s

Question 22

Schizophrenia is associated with ______ connections in the brain and ______ gray matter thickness.

A) fewer; increased
B) fewer; reduced
C) more; increased
D) more; reduced

Question 23

Jorge and Julio are identical twins. Jorge has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Research cited in the text suggests that Julio's risk of developing schizophrenia may be as high as ______% percent.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 80
D) 100

Question 24

All else being equal, which individual is MOST likely to experience the onset of schizophrenia in the coming year?

A) Rae, who is 5
B) June, who is 8
C) Nina, who is 18
D) Margie, who is 39

Question 25

Which of Bleuler's 4 "A's" is BEST reflected in the social withdrawal of schizophrenia?

A) autism
B) affect
C) associations
D) ambivalence

Question 26

_____ introduced the term schizophrenia.

A) Paul Kraepelin
B) Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum
C) Hippocrates
D) Eugene Bleuler

Question 27

EEG research indicates that among people with schizophrenia, the normal hemispheric specialization for language seems to be ______.

A) absent
B) reduced
C) the same
D) heightened

Question 28

Hebephrenic schizophrenia is the same thing as ______ schizophrenia.

A) catatonic
B) disorganized
C) paranoid
D) residual

Question 29

The terms paranoid and catatonic were first used by ______.

A) Eugene Bleuler
B) Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum
C) Paul Kraepelin
D) Hippocrates

Question 30

Nora is an extremely gifted, award-winning writer. She has a reputation for eccentricity, making odd associations in her speech during interviews and occasionally claiming that she sees things that others do not. Although Nora has never been diagnosed with a mental disorder, she seems to have several ______ traits.

A) schizoform
B) schizotypal
C) schizoaffective
D) schizoidal

Question 31

Archeological evidence suggests that in prehistoric societies, individuals with schizophrenia-like symptoms may have been ______.

A) killed in adolescence.
B) banished from the community.
C) valued in their communities.
D) revered as mystical beings.

Question 32

Research in the 1990s suggested that the concordance rate for schizophrenia between identical twins was about ______%. More recent work has ______ this estimate.

A) 50; decreased
B) 50; increased
C) 80; decreased
D) 80; increased

Question 33

The subtypes of schizophrenia described in the textbook MOST directly reflect the intellectual legacy of ______.

A) Eugene Bleuler
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Ewald Hecker

Question 34

Among the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia, endophenotypic abnormalities are ______.

A) no more prevalent than they are among those with no schizophrenic relatives
B) more prevalent than they are among those with no schizophrenic relatives
C) just as prevalent as they are among their relative(s) with schizophrenia
D) more prevalent than they are among their relative(s) with schizophrenia

Question 35

If schizophrenia were recategorized in an upcoming edition of the DSM, it would MOST likely be classed as a(n) ______ disorder.

A) neurodevelopmental
B) anxiety
C) dissociative
D) personality

Question 36

In recent editions of the DSM, the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia have ______, making the DSM category of schizophrenia ______ similar to that in the ICD.

A) broadened; less
B) broadened; more
C) narrowed; less
D) narrowed; more

Question 37

Environmental risk factors for the development of schizophrenia do NOT include ______

A) parenting style
B) an urban environment
C) cannabis use
D) early life adversity

Question 38

The text states that the environmental factors associated with schizophrenia affect the development of the social brain. These influences are MOST likely to occur during ______.

A) prenatal development
B) infancy
C) early childhood
D) adolescence

Question 39

Recent research suggests that the concordance rate for schizophrenia between identical twins may be as high as ______%.

A) 39
B) 48
C) 67
D) 82

Question 40

A psychology instructor tells his or her class that schizophenia may be a byproduct of the development of the brain's ability to process language. This statement is MOST consistent with a(n) ______ theory of schizophrenia suggested by ______.

A) evolutionary; Jonathon Burns
B) evolutionary; Tim Crow
C) psychodynamic; Jonathon Burns
D) psychodynamic; Tim Crow

Question 41

According to the dopamine imbalance hypothesis, schizophrenia may reflect dopamine overactivity in the brain's ______ and underactivity in its ______.

A) midbrain; limbic system
B) midbrain; higher cortices
C) limbic system; higher cortices
D) higher cortices; midbrain

Question 42

As compared to the likelihood that an individual without schizophrenia will die, the probability that an individual with schizophrenia will die in any given year is ______

A) lower
B) the same
C) slightly higher
D) twice as high

Question 43

Among people with schizophrenia, reductions in the brain's gray matter are probably LEAST pronounced in the ______ lobe.

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Question 44

As an example of a ______ abnormality, people with schizophrenia show a different pattern of eye movements than do people without the disorder when they are asked to follow a moving object with their eyes.

A) simple physical
B) physiologic
C) neuropsychological
D) neuromotor

Question 45

Curt's performance on the WCST indicates that he has difficulty adjusting his strategies when task demands change. Curt's example BEST illustrates a ______ endotype associated with schizophrenia.

A) simple physical
B) physiologic
C) neuropsychological
D) neuromotor

Question 46

A reduction in the number of connections between the ______ and the ______ lobes may be partly responsible for the hallucinations that people with schizophrenia experience.

A) frontal; parietal
B) frontal; temporal
C) parietal; temporal
D) parietal; occipital

Question 47

When they perform cognitive tasks, individuals with schizophrenia fail to ______ the brain's ______ network.

A) engage; central executive
B) engage; default
C) suppress; central executive
D) suppress; default

Question 48

Recent reviews suggest a link between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the symptoms of ______ schizophrenia.

A) catatonic
B) disorganized
C) paranoid
D) residual

Question 49

Among adolescents who develop schizophrenia, synaptic pruning is ______.

A) completely absent
B) less pronounced than that in adolescents who do not develop schizophrenia
C) similar to that seen in adolescents who do not develop schizophrenia
D) more pronounced than that in adolescents who do not develop schizophrenia

Question 50

With respect to schizophrenia, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is to the medial prefrontal cortex as ______ is to ______.

A) negative symptoms; positive symptoms
B) catatonic schizophrenia; paranoid schizophrenia
C) positive symptoms; negative symptoms
D) paranoid schizophrenia; catatonic schizophrenia

Question 51

Sal is being treated by a psychiatrist. He has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobes. Sal has MOST likely been diagnosed with ______.

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) agoraphobia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) dissociative amnesia.

Question 52

The findings concerning gray- and white-matter differences between individuals with schizophrenia and those without the disorder are BEST described as ______.

A) confounded
B) unreplicated
C) robust
D) controversial

Question 53

The text suggests that ______ deficits, such as impaired working memory, are perhaps the most damaging symptoms of schizophrenia with respect to their impact on an individual's quality of life.

A) perceptual
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) social

Question 54

Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to abuse substances than are individuals without schizophrenia. A psychopathologist is MOST likely to say that schizophrenia and substance use disorder are ______ because they often occur together.

A) comorbid
B) confounded
C) conflated
D) concordant

Question 55

The evoked potential waveform called ______ is NOT among those that seem to distinguish the cognitive task performance of individuals with schizophrenia from the performance of those without the disorder.

A) N200
B) N400
C) P50
D) P300

Question 56

______ is NOT among the neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia.

A) Dopamine
B) Glutamate
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA

Question 57

Among people with schizophrenia, the brain's ventricles are ______

A) larger, as a side-effect of antipsychotic medication,
B) larger, as a characteristic of the disorder itself.
C) the same size as in healthy controls.
D) smaller, as a characteristic of the disorder itself.

Question 58

Of the brain's lobes, the ______ lobe has probably been the one that has received the MOST research attention with respect to a potential involvement in schizophrenia.

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Question 59

The white matter reductions associated with schizophrenia are found in ______.

A) the frontal and temporal lobes only
B) all four lobes of the cortex but not in the brainstem and cerebellum
C) the brainstem and cerebellum but not the cortex
D) throughout the brain

Question 60

The white matter losses seen in schizophrenia are ______.

A) present before the onset of the disorder
B) an effect of antipsychotic medication
C) part of the progression of the disorder
D) less pronounced than originally thought

Question 61

______ are one class of medications sometimes used to treat schizophrenia.

A) Psychostimulants
B) Neuroleptics
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Tricyclics

Question 62

Early intervention is MOST appropriate in the ______ phase of schizophrenia.

A) premorbid
B) prodromal
C) psychotic
D) remission and relapse

Question 63

Tardive dyskinesia is BEST described as a(n) ______ side effect of first-generation antipsychotics.

A) emotional
B) cognitive
C) motor
D) perceptual

Question 64

With respect to emotional processing, people with schizophrenia seem to have the MOST trouble ______.

A) understanding the emotions of others
B) experiencing a range of emotions
C) processing negative feelings
D) describing their emotional experience

Question 65

Terrance has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is experiencing his first psychotic episode. The type of treatment MOST appropriate at Terrance's stage of the disorder is ______.

A) remediation
B) prevention
C) early intervention
D) relapse prevention

Question 66

As compared to individuals without schizophrenia, individuals with schizophrenia are ______ susceptible to the Charlie Chaplin illusion because their ______ cognitive processes are weaker.

A) less; bottom-up
B) less; top-down
C) more; bottom-up
D) more; top-down

Question 67

Chlorpromazine drastically changed the treatment of schizophrenia in the year ______.

A) 1954
B) 1967
C) 1990
D) 2010

Question 68

Approximately ______% of those experiencing the first episode of a major mental illness return home to live with their families.

A) 35
B) 50
C) 60
D) 75

Question 69

Based on the textbook's discussion, which statement BEST evaluates the status of the dopamine and glutamate hypotheses in contemporary psychopathology?

A) The glutamate hypothesis has supplanted the dopamine hypothesis.
B) The dopamine hypothesis has supplanted the glutamate hypothesis.
C) The dopamine and glutamate hypotheses are viewed as competing ideas.
D) The dopamine and glutamate hypotheses are viewed as complementary.

Question 70

Of the types of psychological therapy discussed throughout the text, psychosocial treatments of schizophrenia are MOST often based on ______ therapy.

A) existential
B) emotion-focused
C) brief psychodynamic
D) cognitive behavioral

Question 71

Medication alone reduces the relapse rate for schizophrenia by about ______.

A) one quarter
B) one half
C) two thirds
D) three quarters

Question 72

Janice has schizophrenia. She has returned to live with her parents and siblings following a hospitalization during a psychotic episode. Her recovery is impeded by the fact that her family is high in expressed emotion. This means that Janice's home atmosphere is probably BEST described as ______.

A) angry and contentious
B) warm and nurturing
C) distant and cold
D) dramatic and exciting

Question 73

Working memory deficits are found ______.

A) in cases of acute schizophrenia, but not in chronic schizophrenia or in the healthy first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia
B) in chronic schizophrenia, but not in acute schizophrenia or in the healthy first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia
C) in both acute and chronic schizophreni, but not in the healthy first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia
D) not only in both acute and chonic schizophrenia but also in the healthy first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia

Question 74

The cognitive processes that seem deficient among people with schizophrenia all involve the ______ prefrontal cortex.

A) dorsolateral
B) ventral
C) medial
D) anterior

Question 75

The early-intervention treatment program is aimed at the ______ stage of schizophrenia's course.

A) premorbid
B) psychotic
C) prodromal
D) three-quarters.

Question 76

Creativity has been linked to a(n) ______ in the density of dopamine receptors in the brain's ______.

A) decrease; medulla
B) decrease; thalamus
C) increase; medulla
D) increase; thalamus

Question 77

If the neurotransmitters ______ and ______ are blocked, an individual may display psychotic symptoms.

A) glutamate; acetylcholine
B) GABA; acetylcholine
C) glutamate; dopamine
D) GABA; dopamine

Question 78

The widespread deinstitutionalization of patients with schizophrenia was fully underway by the decade of the ______.

A) 1920s.
B) 1940s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1980s.

Question 79

Chlorpromazine does NOT ______.

A) increase the time between hospitalizations among people with schizophrenia
B) lessen the cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia
C) reduce the hallucinations typical of schizophrenia
D) reduce anger, hostility, and aggression

Question 80

______-generation antipsychotic medications are sometimes called atypical antipsychotics. One example is ______.

A) First; Seraquel
B) First; Thorazine
C) Second; Seroquel
D) Second; Thorazine