Question 1

Clinically, PPHN usually appears within the first 12 hours of life.

Accepted Answer

PPHN typically presents within the first 12 hours of life. However, it can occur up to several days after birth.

Question 2

Cesarean section is associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Accepted Answer

Cesarean section has been found to be a risk factor for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), a condition in which the newborn's blood vessels in the lungs do not dilate properly after birth, leading to low oxygen levels. This association may be due to the lack of the natural stress of labor and delivery on the newborn's lungs, which can help them transition to breathing outside the womb. However, it is important to note that not all babies born by cesarean section will develop PPHN, and the risks and benefits of cesarean delivery should be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis.

Question 3

Laryngeal stimulation is a known factor that triggers apnea in the premature infant.

Accepted Answer

Laryngeal stimulation, often caused by suctioning or intubation, can trigger apnea in premature infants.

Question 4

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is caused in part by reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)...

Question 5

About 75% of premature babies weighing less than 1250 g suffer from apnea.

Accepted Answer

Apnea is a common problem among premature babies, with about 75% of those weighing less than 1250 g experiencing it.

Question 6

Apnea of the newborn is defined as a cessation of breathing effort that is longer than 12 seconds.

Accepted Answer

Apnea of the newborn is typically defined as a cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter pause accompanied by bradycardia or oxygen desaturation.

Question 7

A decreased PaO₂ causes the pulmonary vascular resistance in the newborn to decrease.

Accepted Answer

A decreased PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, which increases pulmonary vascular resistance in newborns.

Question 8

More than 25% of infants weighing more than 1500 g manifest severe apnea.

Accepted Answer

Severe apnea is commonly seen in a significant percentage of infants with a birth weight greater than 1500 g. However, the exact percentage may vary depending on the study and other factors.

Question 9

Hyperglycemia is a known factor that triggers apnea in the premature infant.

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia is not a known factor that triggers apnea in premature infants; apnea is more commonly associated with factors like immature respiratory control.

Question 10

After birth, about 80% of the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) normally decreases within the first 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement. The decrease in PVR is due to several factors, including the expansion of the lungs, increased oxygenation, and the removal of the low-resistance placental circulation.

Deck 32: Clinical Manifestations Common With Newborn and Early Childhood Respiratory Disorders