Deck 24: Kyphoscoliosis

Question 1

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Fibrotic thickening of the alveoli (parenchymal fibrosis)

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Answer 1

NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 2

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Chronic dilation and distortion of bronchial airway

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Answer 2

NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 3

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Destruction of pulmonary capillaries

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Answer 3

NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 4

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Interstital edema

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 5

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Distal Airway and Alveolar Weakening Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 6

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Excessive Bronchial Secretions Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 7

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Alveolar Consolidation Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 8

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Atelectasis Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 9

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Hyaline membrane formation

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 10

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Alveolar hyperinflation (air-trapping)

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 11

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Alveolar consolidation

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 12

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Atelectasis (severe s)

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 13

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Distal airway and alveolar weakening

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 14

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Granulomas

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 15

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Pulmonary capillary congestion

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 16

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Increased Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Thickness Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 17

MATCHING
The clinical scenarios associated with respiratory disease result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused (or activated) by the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with the disorder. Using the "Yes" or "No" items, match the major anatomic alterations of the lungs that cause the clinical scenario associated with Kyphoscoliosis.
Bronchospasm Clinical Scenario

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 18

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Bronchospasm (smooth muscle constriction of bronchial airways)

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 19

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Compression of great vessels and decreased cardiac return

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 20

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Honeycombing

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 21

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 22

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Mucus accumulation in tracheobronchial tree

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 23

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FEF

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 24

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
VT

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 25

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Mediastinal shift

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 26

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FVC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 27

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Frothy white (or pink) bronchial secretions

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 28

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FRC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 29

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PEFR

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 30

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FEF

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 31

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
TLC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 32

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
MVV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 33

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
ERV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 34

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FEF

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 35

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Permanent enlargement and deterioration of alveoli

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 36

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FEV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 37

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
IC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 38

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Unstable ribs

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 39

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
VC

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 40

Identify the major anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with kyphoscoliosis.
Lung restriction and compression

A)YES-This is associated with kyphoscoliosis.
B)NO-This is not associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 41

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during a mild to moderate kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 42

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
FEV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 43

Match the findings below that typically develop in patients who have kyphoscoliosis with the pulmonary function studies. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RV/TLC %

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or inscreased

Question 44

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during severe kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 45

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during a mild to moderate kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
pH

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 46

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PCWP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 47

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RAP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 48

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
O₂ER

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 49

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Q_S/Q_T

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 50

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CVP

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 51

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during severe kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 52

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SvO₂

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 53

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CO

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 54

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PA

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 55

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SV

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 56

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
DO₂

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 57

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
VO₂

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 58

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during a mild to moderate kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PaCO₂

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 59

Match the arterial blood gas changes that occur during severe kyphoscoliosis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
HCO₃^-

A)Increases
B)Decreases
C)Normal

Question 60

Match what develops in the oxygen indices of a patient with kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
C(a-v)O₂

A)Normal
B)Increases
C)Decreases
D)Normal or decreased
E)Normal or increased

Question 61

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SVI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 62

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 63

Kyphosis is a lateral curve of the spine.

Question 64

Which of the following is/are associated with kyphoscoliosis?

A) I only
B) II only
C) IV only
D) II and IV only
E) I, II, and III only

Question 65

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
SVR

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 66

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
PVR

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 67

The clinical manifestations associated with kyphoscoliosis are based on the clinical scenarios activated by which of the following?

A) I and V only
B) III and IV only
C) III, IV, and V only
D) II, III, IV only
E) I, II, III, IV, and V

Question 68

Acute ventilatory changes superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure is associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 69

Neuromuscular diseases, such as cerebral palsy, can cause kyphoscoliosis.

Question 70

When kyphoscoliosis arises without a known cause, it is called scoliosis of unknown etiology.

Question 71

In patients with advanced kyphoscoliosis that is complicated by an acute pneumonia, the following arterial blood gases represent a likely (or believable) finding:

Question 72

Polycythemia and cor pulmonale are associated with kyphoscoliosis.

Question 73

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
LVSWI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases

Question 74

Match what hemodynamic indices develop in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis with the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
RVSWI

A)Normal
B)Decreases
C)Increases