Deck 1: Matter and Energy-An Atomic Perspective

Question 1

Which of the following is a pure substance?

A)seawater
B)blood
C)brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)
D)sucrose (table sugar)
E)beer

Answer 1

sucrose (table sugar)

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an element?

A)He
B)Cu
C)CO
D)Ra
E)Co

Answer 2

CO

Question 3

If the speed of an object triples,its kinetic energy__________

A)increases by a factor of 3.
B)increases by a factor of 9.
C)decreases by a factor of 3.
D)decreases by a factor of 9.
E)is unaffected.

Answer 3

increases by a factor of 9.

Question 4

Which statement describing the properties of the different phases of a sample of matter is true?

A)The particles in both the gas and liquid phases are highly ordered and are in close proximity to one another.
B)The particles in the liquid phase are highly compressible because they can slip past one another.
C)The particles in both the solid and liquid phases are free to assume any shape and their nearest neighbors change over time.
D)The solid phase is rigid,even though its constituent particles may vibrate a little depending on their temperature.
E)Localized areas of order can form in the gas phase because the particles experience significant attractions to one another.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a pure substance?

A)sparkling water
B)gold metal
C)oxygen gas
D)water vapor
E)dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)

Question 6

A particular compound __________

A)breaks into its constituent atoms during phase changes.
B)is a homogeneous mixture.
C)contains atoms that can be physically separated from each other.
D)contains at least two types of atoms in a constant,fixed ratio.
E)has a variable composition depending on its temperature.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A)water running down a hill
B)chemical bonds in table sugar (sucrose)
C)electrons flowing through a wire
D)a crowd moving a barricade
E)molecules moving randomly in a liquid

Question 8

A molecule __________

A)must contain at least two types of atoms.
B)can be an element or a compound.
C)cannot form a solid.
D)cannot be broken into its constituent atoms by any means.
E)can contain only one type of atom.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about energy,work,and heat is NOT true?

A)Adding heat to a sample of matter increases the average kinetic energy of its constituent particles.
B)Thermal energy is the portion of the energy of an object that increases as temperature increases.
C)When an object does work,part of the energy it expends is destroyed as it converts to heat.
D)The energy available from some chemical reactions can be used to do work and/or produce heat.
E)Heat involves the transfer of energy from a hotter object to a cooler one.

Question 10

Equal amounts of water are present under the following conditions.In which case do the water molecules have the highest kinetic energy?

A)as ice at -10 $\degree$ C (14 $\degree$ F)
B)as steam at 100 $\degree$ C (212 $\degree$ F)
C)in the liquid phase at 80 $\degree$ C (176 $\degree$ F)
D)in the gas phase at 150 $\degree$ C (302 $\degree$ F)
E)in the solid phase at 0 $\degree$ C (32 $\degree$ F)

Question 11

Which of the following is an element?

A)SO₃
B)H₂S
C)Na₂S
D)CS₂
E)S₈

Question 12

Which has the highest kinetic energy,assuming all follow the equation,KE = mu²,where m is the mass and u is the velocity?

A)a one-ton (910 kg)truck traveling at 65 miles per hour (29 m/s)
B)an electron with a mass of 9.11 *10^-27 kg traveling at 2.97 * 10⁸ m/s (99% of the speed of light)
C)an oxygen molecule with a mass of 5.31 * 10^-26 kg traveling at 394 m/s (roughly its speed at room temperature)
D)Usain Bolt,who has a mass of approximately 94 kg,running at 10 m/s (22.4 miles per hour)
E)an oil tanker with a mass of 3 *10⁷ kg traveling at 9 m/s (20 miles per hour)

Question 13

Equal amounts of a pure substance undergo the following changes.Which process would you predict releases the greatest amount of energy?

A)deposition (gas $\rightarrow$ solid)
B)vaporization (liquid $\rightarrow$ gas)
C)freezing (liquid $\rightarrow$ solid)
D)condensation (gas $\rightarrow$ liquid)
E)melting (solid $\rightarrow$ liquid)

Question 14

Solid carbon dioxide (CO₂)can undergo sublimation to form gaseous CO₂.Which of the following statements is true?

A)In the solid phase,CO₂ molecules easily slip past each other and there are areas of randomly ordered molecules.
B)In the gas phase,CO₂ molecules are strongly attracted to each other.
C)The motion of the CO₂ molecules in the solid phase is much more restricted than in the gas phase.
D)CO₂ molecules in the solid phase are easily compressed to smaller volumes.
E)The CO₂ molecules decompose to form carbon and oxygen when they enter the gas phase.

Question 15

A pure substance __________

A)must be composed of atoms of the same type.
B)cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means.
C)must be a compound.
D)has different chemical properties depending on its source.
E)can have a composition that varies from sample to sample.

Question 16

Consider electrons traveling through a copper (Cu)wire at a speed of 0.024 centimeters per second.What is true about the energy of their motion?

A)It is primarily kinetic.
B)It is primarily potential.
C)It would be unaffected if the speed of the electrons increased.
D)It is strongly affected by gravity.
E)It cannot be used to do work.

Question 17

At what velocity would a proton be traveling if it had the same kinetic energy as an electron traveling at 10.0% of the speed of light? KE = mu²,where m is the mass and u is the velocity; proton mass = 1.673 *10^-27 kg; electron mass = 9.109 *10^-31 kg; speed of light = 2.998 * 10⁸ m/s

A)4.89 *10¹¹ m/s
B)2.45 * 10¹¹ m/s
C)4.95 * 10⁵ m/s
D)7.00 * 10⁵ m/s
E)3.50 *10⁵ m/s

Question 18

Work is defined as the exertion of force through a distance.Which of the following is NOT an example of work?

A)Molecules in air push against the blades of a windmill.
B)Blood is pumped through the circulatory system.
C)Electrons flow against the resistance present in a copper wire.
D)Thermal energy (heat)is transferred from a hot stove to the surrounding air.
E)A student lifts a book off of the floor.

Question 19

Which statement correctly describes the properties of gaseous helium (He)?

A)The gas is not highly compressible even though the atoms do not occupy the entire volume of the container.
B)The gas is highly compressible because there is a lot of empty space between the atoms.
C)The atoms are moving rapidly about the container,giving the gas its definite shape.
D)The gas has a definite volume and shape because the atoms are not moving about the container.
E)A gas takes the shape of the container,but its total volume cannot change.

Question 20

Equal amounts of water undergo the following changes.Which of the following would involve the largest change in energy?

A)Ice is melted to form liquid water at 0 ^$\circ$ C.
B)Ice at -25 ^$\circ$ C is heated to 0 ^$\circ$ C.
C)Water is heated from 25 ^$\circ$ C to 50 ^$\circ$ C.
D)Steam at 100 ^$\circ$ C is cooled and condensed to form liquid water at 85 ^$\circ$ C.
E)Water at 0 ^$\circ$ C is heated and vaporized to form steam at 120 ^$\circ$ C.

Question 21

Which of the following represents a physical property of water?

A)It boils at 100 $\degree$ C.
B)An electrical current decomposes water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
C)It reacts with iron metal and oxygen to form rust.
D)It reacts with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas.
E)It is used in photosynthesis.

Question 22

Which one of the following represents a physical change?

A)Milk turns sour.
B)Rust forms on iron nails.
C)Sugar ferments to form ethanol.
D)An egg begins to smell very bad.
E)Sugar melts and forms a syrupy liquid.

Question 23

Which of the following is a chemical property of formaldehyde (CH₂O)?

A)It is flammable.
B)It has a density of 1.09 g/mL.
C)It is colorless.
D)It dissolves in water.
E)It is a gas at room temperature.

Question 24

Which represents an extensive property of hydrogen?

A)Hydrogen gas is odorless and colorless.
B)A hydrogen gas molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms.
C)Hydrogen gas is flammable.
D)Hydrogen releases a given amount of energy when it reacts with oxygen.
E)Hydrogen gas under normal conditions is nonmetallic.

Question 25

Extensive properties are __________

A)dependent on the amount of substance present.
B)identical for all substances.
C)independent of a substance's phase.
D)the physical properties of a substance.
E)dependent on the reactivity of the substance.

Question 26

Which of the following is a chemical property of copper metal?

A)It conducts heat.
B)It reacts with nitric acid to produce copper(II)nitrate.
C)It melts at 1085 $\degree$ C.
D)It conducts electricity.
E)It has an orange color.

Question 27

Which process would be a practical and effective way to separate beta-carotene,an orange pigment,from hexane liquid?

A)filtration
B)chromatography
C)combustion
D)scanning tunneling microscopy
E)sublimation

Question 28

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)The relative numbers of each type of atom in a given compound do not vary.
B)A compound always contains the same mass percentages of its constituent elements.
C)A large sample and a small sample of a given compound contain the same number of each type of atom.
D)A large sample and a small sample of a given compound contain the same types of atoms combined in the same proportions.
E)A large sample and a small sample of a compound share the same chemical formula.

Question 29

Which one of the following is NOT an intensive physical property of a pure liquid?

A)boiling point
B)conductivity
C)mass
D)density
E)color

Question 30

Table sugar (sucrose,C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)dissolves in water.This process __________

A)is a chemical change.
B)is a physical change.
C)produces a heterogeneous mixture.
D)is a chemical property of sucrose.
E)converts sucrose to carbon dioxide and water.

Question 31

Which of the following can be separated by filtration?

A)rust particles in water
B)air dispersed in whipped cream
C)alcohol dissolved in water
D)salt dissolved in water
E)nitrogen from air

Question 32

Which statement is true regarding ammonia,NH₃?

A)It can also be correctly represented as N₂H₆.
B)It cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by any means.
C)Its decomposition produces three volumes of hydrogen for every one volume of nitrogen.
D)It can be separated into nitrogen and hydrogen atoms using distillation.
E)It is not a stable molecule and does not exist at room temperature.

Question 33

Which one of the following represents a chemical change?

A)Mercury (II)oxide is heated to and forms mercury metal and oxygen gas.
B)Rubbing alcohol evaporates.
C)Iodine vapor deposits on a surface.
D)Iron metal is separated from sand using a magnet.
E)Rock salt is pulverized.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Given that the chemical formula of methanol is CH₄O,the number of carbon atoms will be the same as the number of oxygen atoms in a sample of methanol.
B)If a compound is 75% carbon and 25% hydrogen by mass,12 grams of the compound contains 9 g C and 3 g H.
C)If a compound contains 76 grams of chlorine and 12 grams of carbon,it will always have 6.33:1 mass ratio of Cl to C.
D)A compound containing 17.1 grams of phosphorus and 58.9 grams of chlorine has the same identity as a compound containing 35.7 g P and 204.3 g Cl.
E)A compound containing 106.6 grams of copper and 13.4 grams of oxygen has the same identity as a compound containing 159.9 g Cu and 20.1 g O.

Question 35

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

A)concrete
B)sweet tea
C)black coffee
D)mercury metal
E)an intravenous (IV)solution

Question 36

Acetone and water mix to form a homogeneous solution.Acetone has a boiling point of 56 $\degree$ C.Which of the following would be a suitable method for separating acetone from water?

A)filtration
B)combustion
C)distillation
D)scanning tunneling microscopy
E)sublimation

Question 37

Distillation may be used to separate components in a mixture based on __________

A)solubilities.
B)masses.
C)volatilities.
D)densities.
E)colors.

Question 38

Which of the following is an intensive property of chlorine?

A)It has mass.
B)It boils at -34 $\degree$ C.
C)Chlorine gas expands to fill a balloon.
D)The reaction of chlorine with hydrogen releases a given amount of energy.
E)Chlorine gas in a container exerts a given pressure at a given temperature.

Question 39

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

A)an egg
B)smoke
C)beach sand
D)dry ice (solid CO₂)
E)a salt solution (NaCl dissolved in water)

Question 40

An element __________

A)can be separated into its components by physical methods.
B)always has the same chemical properties regardless of its source.
C)cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods.
D)can also be a compound.
E)exists only as atoms,not as molecules.

Question 41

Which of the following is a chemical property of platinum?

A)It conducts heat and electricity.
B)It can react with chlorine gas to form platinum(IV)chloride.
C)The difference between its melting and boiling points is 2057 $\degree$ C.
D)It is a gray-white metal.
E)Sound travels through it at a speed of 2680 m/s.

Question 42

The chemical formula of dimethyl ether can be represented in different ways.When its formula is written as C₂H₆O,__________

A)the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule is evident.
B)only the number and type of atoms of each element are given.
C)its structural formula can be deduced.
D)it shows that no other molecules can have that formula.
E)it lists only one of many possible elemental compositions for dimethyl ether.

Question 43

Which of the following illustrates the law of multiple proportions?

A)The ratio of O to N in NO₂ is twice that in NO.
B)NO₂ always contains one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.
C)The mass of NO₂ is a small whole-number multiple of the mass of NO.
D)NO and NO₂ have similar chemical and physical properties.
E)NO₂ and N₂O₄ are the same compound.

Question 44

What type of chemical formula is shown for diethyl ether?

A)molecular
B)structural
C)condensed structural
D)ball-and-stick
E)space-filling

Question 45

Which step is NOT a part of the scientific method?

A)Form a testable hypothesis.
B)Make observations.
C)Conduct reproducible experiments.
D)Identify different factors that affect results.
E)Stop experimentation once the desired results are achieved.

Question 46

The densities of ethylene glycol and of mercury are 1.11 and 13.5 g/mL,respectively.What volume of mercury has the same mass as 125 mL ethylene glycol?

A)10.3 mL
B)8.34 mL
C)0.120 mL
D)0.0971 mL
E)1870 mL

Question 47

For a hypothesis to be considered a valid scientific theory,it must __________

A)summarize experimental data without trying to predict future results.
B)be impossible to prove wrong by experiment.
C)explain widely observed phenomena based on extensive testing.
D)never be modified or expanded.
E)be voted on by the scientific community and accepted by all.

Question 48

Which of the following does NOT illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)The N-to-O mass ratio in NO is 0.875,whereas that in N₂O is 1.75.
B)C₂H₂ has a 12:1 C-to-H mass ratio while C₂H₆ as a 4:1 C-to-H mass ratio.
C)The ratio of O:C by mass in CO₂ is twice that of CO.
D)If a sample of H₂O contains 16 grams of oxygen,a sample of H₂O₂ with the same number of molecules would contain 32 grams of oxygen.
E)H₂S and H₂O contain the same mass of hydrogen.

Question 49

Gold (19.3 g/cm³)and copper (8.96 g/cm³)can be blended to form an alloy called rose gold.Suppose a rose gold bar has a mass of 117 g and a volume of 7.00 cm³.Calculate the mass percent of gold in the bar.

A)46.4%
B)53.6%
C)38.7%
D)75.0%
E)86.6%

Question 50

Which of the following represents a chemical property of iron?

A)Its density is 7.84 g/cm³.
B)It is magnetic.
C)It reacts with oxygen in moist air.
D)Its melting point is 1538 $\degree$ C.
E)It conducts electricity.

Question 51

Calcite has a chemical formula of CaCO₃,and one gram occupies approximately 0.369 cm³.Pyrite (FeS₂)is 1.8 times denser than calcite.What is the density of FeS₂?

A)2.7 g/cm³
B)0.66 g/cm³
C)4.9 g/cm³
D)2.2 g/cm³
E)1.5 g/cm³

Question 52

If you had equal masses of each of the following substances,which would occupy the greatest volume?

A)ice (d = 0.917 g/mL)
B)water (d = 0.997 g/mL)
C)beeswax (d = 0.960 g/mL)
D)cocoa butter (d = 0.910 g/mL)
E)aluminum (d = 2.70 g/mL)

Question 53

When copper metal is dropped into nitric acid,a blue solution containing copper(II)ions is produced along with brown nitrogen monoxide gas.Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

A)copper's red-orange appearance
B)nitrogen monoxide's irritating odor
C)the blue color of aqueous copper(II)ions
D)the viscosity of nitric acid at room temperature
E)nitric acid's ability react with copper to produce aqueous copper ions and nitrogen monoxide gas

Question 54

The law of definite proportions states that __________

A)compounds such as NO and NO₂ have identical chemical properties.
B)compounds such as NO and NO₂ must have masses that are whole-number multiples of each other.
C)nitrogen and oxygen can combine to form a variety of compounds,such as NO or NO₂.
D)the elements forming a given compound always react in the same proportions.
E)only one compound can be produced when two elements combine.

Question 55

According to the law of definite proportions,__________

A)atoms forming a given compound react in variable proportions depending on conditions.
B)different samples of the same compound contain the same proportions of the same elements.
C)all compounds containing the same types of atoms have identical properties.
D)all compounds containing the same types of atoms have relative masses that are whole-number multiples.
E)only one type of molecule can be produced when two elements combine.

Question 56

The densities of cork,lead,and water are 0.240,11.34,and 0.997 g/cm³ at 25 $\degree$ C,respectively.If 20.0 grams of lead are placed inside an 85.0 cm³ piece of cork,what is the overall density and will it float on water?

A)0.466 g/cm³; yes,it will float
B)0.235 g/cm³; yes,it will float
C)0.211 g/cm³; yes,it will float
D)4.25 g/cm³; no,it will not float
E)2.15 g/cm³; no,it will not float

Question 57

Which of the following is a chemical property of acetone (C₃H₆O)?

A)It readily evaporates at room temperature.
B)It has a pungent,irritating odor.
C)It can be ignited in oxygen.
D)It boils at 56 $\degree$ C.
E)It is miscible with water.

Question 58

A brass cylinder is composed of copper (8.96 g/cm³)and zinc (7.14 g/cm³).It is 62.1% copper by mass.What is the cylinder's density?

A)8.05 g/cm³
B)8.27 g/cm³
C)7.83 g/cm³
D)8.34 g/cm³
E)7.76 g/cm³

Question 59

Which one of the following is a hypothesis?

A)Energy is required to vaporize a liquid.
B)The composition of a pure substance is fixed and definite.
C)Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can react to form water.
D)The battery in an electronic device must be dead because the device stopped working.
E)Matter is composed of atoms.

Question 60

Based on values for the volume per gram of the given materials,which of the following would NOT float in water (density = 0.997 g/cm³)?

A)balsa wood
B)cork
C)charcoal
D)human fat
E)ethylene glycol

Question 61

The average diameter of a red blood cell is about 7 *10^-6 m.Choose the best way to represent this distance using SI units and prefixes.

A)7 μm
B)0.007 mm
C)0.000007 m
D)7000 nm
E)7000000 pm

Question 62

Green light in the visible portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum has wavelengths around 550 nm.Express this wavelength in meters using exponential notation.

A)5.5 * 10^-9 m
B)5.5 * 10^-7 m
C)5.5 m
D)5.5 *10⁷ m
E)5.5*10⁹ m

Question 63

Which of the following represents the shortest distance?

A)2 * 10⁶ mm
B)2 * 10² pm
C)2 * 10⁰ Gm
D)2 * 10^-1 $\mu$ m
E)2 *10^-4 km

Question 64

Which of the following is not an SI base unit?

A)" $\degree$ C"
B)"s"
C)"kg"
D)"mol"
E)"m"

Question 65

The average volume of a red blood cell is approximately 90 fL,but this can vary by tens of thousands of femtoliters.Express the average value in liters using correct exponential notation.

A)90 * 10^-15 L
B)9 * 10^-15 L
C)9.0 * 10^-15 L
D)9 *10^-14 L
E)9.0 * 10^-14 L

Question 66

The space-filling model of a molecule __________

A)clearly shows bond angles.
B)gives little idea of how atoms are arranged.
C)is best suited for very large molecules.
D)gives an indication of three-dimensional shape.
E)spreads atoms out so they are easy to view.

Question 67

A student performed three measurements to determine the density of water at 25 $\degree$ C to four significant figures.The known density of water at 25 $\degree$ C to three significant figures is 0.997 g/mL.The student obtained the following results.

The measurements were __________

A)sufficiently precise but not accurate.
B)sufficiently accurate but not precise.
C)both sufficiently precise and accurate.
D)neither sufficiently precise nor accurate.
E)not repeated an adequate number of times.

Question 68

The atomic radius of a uranium atom is approximately 175 pm.In correct scientific notation this is __________

A)1.75 * 10^-10 m.
B)1.75 * 10^-11 m.
C)1.75 * 10^-12 m.
D)175 * 10^-12 m.
E)1.75 * 10¹⁰ m.

Question 69

Which of the following does not show a correct relationship between units?

A)1000 grams = 1 kilogram
B)1*10^-3 second = 1 millisecond
C)1 nanometer = 1 *10^-9 meters
D)1 gigabyte = 1* 10⁹ bytes
E)1 * 10^-6 microliters = 1 liter

Question 70

Which of the following represents the largest mass?

A)250 ng
B)25 μg
C)2.5 g
D)0.25 kg
E)25 mg

Question 71

Which of the following is the SI base unit for mass?

A)g
B)kg
C)mg
D)lb
E)m

Question 72

Ethanol and dimethyl ether molecules both contain 2 carbon atoms,6 hydrogen atoms,and 1 oxygen atom.Which statement is true?

A)Their molecular formulas are different.
B)They show the same physical properties but different chemical properties.
C)The arrangement of the atoms in each type of molecule is different.
D)Their melting points and boiling points are the same.
E)There is no physical method that can distinguish between the two.

Question 73

Which of the following does NOT show an exact relationship?

A)100 cm = 1 m
B)1 m³ = 1000 L
C)1 in = 2.54 cm
D)1 km = 0.6214 mi
E)1 dozen = 12 objects

Question 74

Which one of the following is NOT equal to exactly one cubic meter (1 m³)?

A)10⁶ cm³
B)10³ L
C)10⁹ mm³
D)10⁶ mL
E)100 cm³

Question 75

White fuming nitric acid should contain no more than 2% water by mass.The water content in four samples was measured.What is the average value,and which measured value is closest to the average?

A)1.953,sample 4
B)1.95,sample 4
C)1.9530,sample 4
D)1.9530,sample 3
E)1.953,sample 3

Question 76

A student conducts repeated trials to determine the density of a sample of seawater and obtains the following results: 1.321 g/mL; 1.323 g/mL; 1.319 g/mL; and 1.321 g/mL.Known values are reported to be in the 1.02 to 1.09 g/mL range.The experimental results are __________

A)less precise than the known values.
B)more accurate than the known values.
C)imprecise but accurate.
D)precise and accurate.
E)inaccurate but precise.

Question 77

The following measurements of the mass of an aspirin tablet were made by different students in a lab.Which set is the most precise?

A)1.513 g,1.503 g,1.523 g
B)1.513 g,1.511 g,1.450 g
C)1.513 g,1.459 g,1.533 g
D)1.513 g,1.517 g,1.512 g
E)1.513 g,1.505 g,1.553 g

Question 78

The distance between the two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is about 1.355*10^-10 m.This is equal to __________

A)1.355 * 10^-8 mm.
B)1.355 *10⁶ cm.
C)1.355 * 10^-6 $\mu$ m.
D)13.55 nm.
E)135.5 pm.

Question 79

The calculated diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 0.000000000106 m.In correct scientific notation this is equal to __________

A)1.06 *10^-12 km.
B)1.06 *10^-12 m.
C)1.06 *10^-10 m.
D)1.06 * 10⁰ nm.
E)1.06 *10³ pm.

Question 80

The diameter of Jupiter is approximately 143,000 km.In correct scientific notation this is __________

A)1.43 * 10^-5 km.
B)1.43 * 10^-8 m.
C)1.43 *10⁵ km.
D)143 * 10³ km.
E)1.43 *10³ m.