Deck 18: Foreign Policy and National Security

Question 1

In response to which conflict, in which the president used U.S. troops without a formal congressional declaration of war, did Congress pass the War Powers Act?

A) the Korean War
B) the Vietnam War
C) the Gulf War of 1990-1991
D) the Iraq War of 2003-2011
E) Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When a country offers another country the same, least-restrictive trade policies that it offers to other nations within in a trade network, it is

A) using diplomacy.
B) conferring normal trade relations status.
C) treating the country as a "most favored nation".
D) offering the country its lowest tariff rates.
E) All these answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is/are among the tools U.S. foreign policy makers have at their disposal to compel foreign governments to conform to the will of the United States?

A) trade policies
B) economic aid
C) economic penalties
D) covert military action
E) trade policies, and economic aid or penalties

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which country has become a focal point of the U.S. war on terrorism and has seen its aid support from the United States increase rapidly since the 9/11 attacks?

A) Pakistan
B) Iraq
C) Iran
D) Jordan
E) Lebanon

Question 5

With the passage of the War Powers Act, Congress limited presidential use of military force to ________ days.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90
E) 100

Question 6

What criterion is used (or what criteria are used) to organize and assign State Department employees?

A) political or ideological leaning
B) topical specialty
C) language proficiency
D) geographic area specialty
E) topical specialty and geographical specialty

Question 7

The 9/11 terrorists came from all of these countries EXCEPT

A) Saudi Arabia.
B) United Arab Emirates.
C) Egypt.
D) Iran.
E) Lebanon.

Question 8

Which of the following conflicts involving U.S. military forces centered on an attempt to halt ethnic cleansing?

A) Iraq in 2003
B) Afghanistan in 2001
C) Somalia in 1992
D) Panama in 1989
E) Kosovo in 1999

Question 9

Which of the following was the result of the 1975 Church Committee investigations into whether the CIA and FBI had engaged in illegal activities while gathering intelligence?

A) appointment of a national intelligence czar
B) creation of the National Security Council
C) staffing of more diplomatic missions to certain areas
D) creation of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following came about as a result of the 9/11 Commission's findings?

A) creation of the House Intelligence Community
B) consolidation of all intelligence agencies under the CIA
C) creation of the post of director of national intelligence
D) less congressional and more executive oversight over national intelligence
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the formulation of foreign policy?

A) The State Department and the National Security Council focus on long-term objectives, while the president tends to focus on short-term goals.
B) The State Department tends to take a long-term view of world affairs while the National Security Council focuses on short-term objectives.
C) The State Department, National Security Council, and the president all maintain the same foreign policy objectives and are careful not to have competing viewpoints.
D) The president focuses on long-term objectives, while the State Department and the National Security Council tend to focus on short-term goals.
E) The National Security Council tends to take a long-term view of world affairs while the State Department focuses on short-term objectives.

Question 12

Like the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency was formed in response to the beginning of what world event?

A) the Cold War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Cuban Missile Crisis
E) the Berlin Blockade

Question 13

The official operation of the U.S. government in each country that has diplomatic ties to the United States is the

A) diplomatic mission.
B) attaché.
C) country desk.
D) consulate.
E) embassy.

Question 14

To voice its objection to Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons, the Obama administration developed a host of penalties that halted economic relations. These penalties are best described as

A) diplomacy.
B) deterrence.
C) sanctions.
D) intermestics.
E) containment.

Question 15

Al-Qaeda is a radical international Islamic fundamentalist terrorist organization. The name of the organization means ________ in English.

A) "Single-Front"
B) "Association for Peace"
C) "Red Army"
D) "Holy War"
E) "the Base"

Question 16

Which president first warned of the rising influence of the military-industrial complex?

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Harry S. Truman
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) John F. Kennedy
E) Lyndon B. Johnson

Question 17

Which of the following executive departments have the largest role in shaping United States foreign policy?

A) State and Homeland Security
B) State and Defense
C) State and the Treasury
D) Treasury and Defense
E) Defense and Homeland Security

Question 18

What is the primary goal of U.S. foreign policy makers when a military action is less concerned with changing a nation's policies than with deposing its leaders?

A) conquest of territory
B) resource acquisition
C) regime change
D) policy change
E) protection of human rights

Question 19

Which of the following is the foremost foreign policy actor in the United States?

A) the president
B) the State Department
C) Congress
D) the Department of Defense
E) the vice president

Question 20

All of the following are congressional powers with respect to foreign relations EXCEPT

A) oversight and direction of military operations during a conflict.
B) treaty ratification.
C) confirmation of presidential appointees to ambassadorial positions.
D) confirmation of presidential appointees to cabinet posts.
E) control of the budget.

Question 21

In his farewell address, President George Washington warned against membership in entangling alliances, generally keeping with the founders' foreign policy emphasis of

A) isolationism.
B) interventionism.
C) neutrality.
D) militarism.
E) pacifism.

Question 22

What was the Soviet Union's response to the creation of NATO?

A) enactment of the policy of détente
B) refusal to sit on the United Nations' Security Council
C) institution of the use of containment
D) formation of the Warsaw Pact
E) refusal to contribute to the Marshall Plan

Question 23

During the Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815), the United States sold raw materials and supplies to which of the following?

A) Britain
B) France
C) the Ottoman empire and Russia
D) the North African Barbary States
E) all sides and participants

Question 24

The U.S. program that provided the funds necessary for Western European countries to rebuild after World War II was known as the

A) League of Nations.
B) Roosevelt Corollary.
C) Monroe Doctrine.
D) Marshall Plan.
E) United Nations.

Question 25

What was the earliest primary activity of the United States in the international arena?

A) diplomacy
B) piracy
C) trade
D) war
E) tax collection

Question 26

In 1801, the United States went to war with which of the following after a number of its ships were seized?

A) Britain
B) France
C) the Ottoman empire
D) the North African Barbary States
E) Spain

Question 27

Until the ________, news media worked hand in hand with the government, generally taking a highly patriotic and supportive stance.

A) Korean War
B) Vietnam War
C) First Gulf War
D) Kosovo Intervention
E) Iraq War of 2003

Question 28

What term is used for the influence of domestic politics on foreign policy?

A) intermestics
B) inter-foreign relations
C) isolationism
D) interventionism
E) pre-emption

Question 29

Which president introduced the notion of the United States as an "international police power"?

A) William McKinley
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) William Howard Taft
D) Woodrow Wilson
E) Herbert Hoover

Question 30

Throughout the early eighteenth century, which European power practiced impressments, or kidnapping, of U.S. sailors?

A) Britain
B) France
C) the Ottoman empire
D) the North African Barbary States
E) Spain

Question 31

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an example of which of the following?

A) international financial organization
B) brinksmanship
C) détente
D) regional security alliance
E) mutually assured destruction

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the members of the military-industrial complex?

A) U.S. armed forces, president, defense industry
B) defense industry, president, Congress
C) Congress, Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. armed forces
D) president, Congress, Department of Defense
E) U.S. armed forces, defense industry, Congress

Question 33

Generally, public opinion plays a ________ role in shaping and influencing foreign policy.

A) very small
B) small
C) moderate
D) significant
E) highly significant

Question 34

In drafting the Constitution, the founders sought which of the following in terms of foreign policy?

A) to insert the United States forcefully in world affairs
B) to develop a moderate position for the United States in world affairs that included regional hegemony
C) to forge alliances with the European powers
D) to expand the United States westward and southward as rapidly as possible
E) to remove the United States from world affairs

Question 35

Which system of international alliances dominated the world's foreign policy decisions from 1815 until 1918?

A) bilateral power system
B) Westphalian system
C) balance of power system
D) collective security system
E) multilateral power system

Question 36

Which of the following best identifies the premise behind the creation of the United Nations?

A) manifest destiny
B) containment
C) collective security
D) globalism
E) interventionism

Question 37

When did the U.S. government begin using the news media to promote its foreign policy priorities?

A) early nineteenth century
B) mid-nineteenth century
C) during the Civil War
D) late nineteenth century
E) early twentieth century

Question 38

Which European power supported the United States' role in the Americas as described by the Monroe Doctrine?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Holland
D) Spain
E) Portugal

Question 39

The early nineteenth-century view in American foreign policy circles that the United States should establish hegemony over its own hemisphere resulted in the declaration of what in 1823?

A) war against Spain
B) the Treaty of Ghent
C) the Monroe Doctrine
D) the Roosevelt Corollary
E) manifest destiny

Question 40

After World War II, which powers emerged as superpowers, leader nations with dominating influence in international affairs?

A) the Soviet Union and the United States
B) the United States and Britain
C) the United States and China
D) Britain and China
E) China and the Soviet Union

Question 41

Which of these international financial organizations regulates the monetary relationship among nations and establishes exchange rates for the world's major currencies?

A) World Bank
B) World Trade Organization
C) International Monetary Fund
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
E) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Question 42

Which of the following was instrumental in the organization of the populist uprisings against oppressive regimes that toppled governments in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011?

A) social networking technology
B) military overthrow of existing regimes
C) foreign intervention
D) door-to-door canvassing for support
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 43

In 1995, the World Trade Organization replaced which of the following?

A) the World Bank
B) the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
C) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
D) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
E) the Bretton Woods Agreement

Question 44

Which presidential doctrine emphasized the right of the United States to take unilateral action against enemies?

A) the Eisenhower Doctrine
B) the Carter Doctrine
C) the Reagan Doctrine
D) the Clinton Doctrine
E) the Bush Doctrine

Question 45

Outline the creation of the position of director of national intelligence (DNI), and explain this position's function and responsibilities.

Question 46

Which of the following events is the best example of brinksmanship?

A) the Korean War
B) the launching of the Sputnik satellite by the Soviet Union
C) the Cuban Missile Crisis
D) President Nixon's visit to China
E) the Vietnam War

Question 47

Which of the following is an ongoing challenge for U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century?

A) terrorism
B) nuclear proliferation
C) rapid global climate change
D) chemical and biological weapons proliferation
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 48

Which Cold War-era policy was designed to prevent the spread of communism?

A) massive retaliation
B) engaged diplomacy
C) containment
D) détente
E) brinksmanship

Question 49

Outline the important features of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 50

Explain why public opinion has little influence over the conduct of U.S. foreign policy.

Question 51

Explain the doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD).

Question 52

Define regime change as a foreign policy objective, and identify examples of its application by the United States.

Question 53

Explain the purpose and features of the War Powers Act of 1973.

Question 54

Which conflict saw the introduction of the concept of preventive war, the strategy of waging war on countries regarded as threats to avoid future conflicts?

A) the First Gulf War
B) the Bosnian Wars
C) the Kosovo Intervention
D) the invasion of Somalia
E) the Iraq War

Question 55

Outline the Bush Doctrine, and provide examples of its application.

Question 56

Which presidential doctrine emphasized the responsibility of U.S. allies to provide for their own national defense and sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China, the two communist world powers?

A) the Truman Doctrine
B) the Eisenhower Doctrine
C) the Nixon Doctrine
D) the Carter Doctrine
E) the Reagan Doctrine

Question 57

Compare and contrast the approaches of the Department of State and the National Security Council to global foreign policy issues.

Question 58

Which of these agreements, signed in 1987, led to the first destruction of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union?

A) SALT I treaty
B) SALT II treaty
C) START talks
D) INF treaty
E) START II talks

Question 59

Identify ways the media can influence the conduct and substance of foreign policy.

Question 60

Outline the important features of normal trade relations between the United States and other countries.