Deck 1: DNA Structure and Function

Question 1

What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine (G) bases would be adenine (A)?

A)70%
B)60%
C)30%
D)20%

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

Which statement about the cell cycle phase of G0 is true?

A)Hyperplastic growth in place of hypertrophic growth
B)Performance of specific differentiated functions
C)Initiation and completion of nucleokinesis
D)Replication of DNA

Answer 2

Performance of specific differentiated functions

Question 3

At what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible as separate structures?

A)G1
B)G2
C)S
D)M

Answer 3

M

Question 4

What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and bandingpatterns are normal?

A)Pedigree
B)Phenotype
C)Karyotype
D)Autotype

Question 5

Which chromosome number represents the euploid state for normal human somatic cells?

A)44
B)46
C)47
D)48

Question 6

What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in different expression of the trait coded for by that gene?

A)Alleles
B)Bases
C)Centromeres
D)Diploids

Question 7

Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics?

A)The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people.
B)Expression of any single gene is dependent on inheriting two alleles.
C)Sex-linked recessive disorders affect males more often than females.
D)One allele for each gene is inherited from the mother, and one is inherited from the father.

Question 8

What is the result of normal DNA replication?

A)Formation of two new daughter cells
B)Formation of two identical sets of DNA
C)Disappearance of the original parent cell
D)Activation and attachment of spindle fibers

Question 9

How does the proteome differ from the genome?

A)The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
B)The genome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals.
C)The proteome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the genome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.
D)The genome is stable in somatic cells and unstable in germ cells, whereas the proteome is stable in both somatic cells and germ cells.

Question 10

In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located?

A)Nucleus
B)Mitochondrion
C)Cytoplasm
D)Plasma membrane

Question 11

Which statement regarding chromosome structure or function is true?

A)The chromatids of any single chromosome are known as "sister chromatids."
B)The genes located on the telomeres of chromosomes are identical to the genes in the centromeres.
C)Immediately before the mitosis phase of cell division, the chromosomes of all somatic cells are haploid.
D)A specific gene allele on one chromosome has a complementary allele on the other chromosome of a pair.

Question 12

Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait?

A)A minimum of two alleles is required for the expression of monogenic traits.
B)When a dominant allele is paired with a recessive allele, only the dominant allele is expressed, and the recessive allele is silent.
C)One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and the other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome.
D)Expression of more than two alleles of any single-gene trait results in enhanced expression of recessive alleles and suppressed expression of dominant alleles.

Question 13

What is the most outstanding feature of a mature haploid cell?

A)It is usually homozygous.
B)The sex chromosomes are missing.
C)Only one chromosome of each pair is present.
D)DNA synthesis occurs after mitosis instead of before.

Question 14

What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?

A)GATTCCTAACTGG
B)TTGACCGAAGGCT
C)AACTGGCTTCCGA
D)CCAGTTAGGAATC

Question 15

What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand?

A)Linking the nucleotides into a strand
B)Holding complementary strands together
C)Ensuring that a purine is always paired with a pyrimidine
D)Preventing the separation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA

Question 16

Which of these complementary base pairs form the strongest or "tightest" association?

A)Adenine and thymine
B)Cytosine and guanine
C)Guanine and thymine
D)Cytosine and adenine

Question 17

Under what normal condition are genotype and phenotype always the same?

A)Euploidy of alleles
B)Aneuploidy of alleles
C)Homozygosity of alleles
D)Heterozygosity of alleles

Question 18

What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds?

A)None of the cells in the affected tissue would be able to leave G0 and enter the cell cycle.
B)Replication of DNA would result in identical DNA strands instead of complementary strands.
C)Mitosis of cells in the tissue would result in the production of three new daughter cells instead of just two.
D)The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next round of mitosis successfully.

Question 19

What activity occurs during M phase of the cell cycle?

A)The cell undergoes cytokinesis.
B)Activity stops, and the cell "sleeps."
C)All DNA is completely replicated.
D)The cell greatly increases protein synthesis.

Question 20

How does the DNA enzyme topoisomerase contribute to DNA replication?

A)Unwinds the double helix and separates the double-stranded DNA
B)Creates a "nick" in the DNA supercoils, allowing them to straighten before replication
C)Initiates DNA synthesis in multiple sites down the strand, making the process more efficient
D)Connects and links the individual pieces of newly synthesized DNA to form a single strand

Question 21

Which genetic process would be disrupted in one cell if it could not form chromosomes?

A)DNA replication
B)Gene-directed protein synthesis
C)Delivery of genetic information to new cells
D)Conversion of a nucleoside into a nucleotide

Question 22

Where is telomeric DNA located?

A)At the tips of the p and q arms of chromosomes.
B)In the mitochondria of all somatic cells
C)Only in the germ cells (ova and sperm)
D)Within the histones of the solenoid

Question 23

A person's karyotype shows 44 autosomes and one X chromosome. What is the best interpretation of this karyotype?

A)The karyotype is aneuploid, and the individual has only one allele for each of the genes on the X chromosome.
B)The karyotype is aneuploid, and the individual is experiencing the pathologic condition of haploidy.
C)The karyotype is euploid, making the individual a genotypic female and a phenotypic male.
D)The karyotype is euploid, making the individual a genotypic male and a phenotypic female.

Question 24

What are the expected expressed blood types of children born to a mother who is B/O for blood type and a father who is A/B for blood type?

A)25% A, 25% B, 25% O, 25% AB
B)25% A, 50% B, 0% O, 25% AB
C)50% A, 25% B, 25% O, 0% AB
D)50% A, 25% B, 0% O, 25% AB

Question 25

What is the purpose of a chromosome centromere?

A)Connecting sister chromatids to form a chromosome
B)Preventing the chromosome arm tips from unraveling
C)Allowing chromatids to separate during DNA replication
D)Ensuring that DNA replication proceeds only in the 3'-to-5' direction