Deck 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Question 1

Which statement about isotopes of the same element is not correct?

A)They have the same number of protons.
B)They have different numbers of neutrons.
C)They have essentially the same chemical properties.
D)They have the same atomic mass.
E)They have the same number of electrons.

Answer 1

They have the same atomic mass.

Question 2

What is the correct symbol for a neutron?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

The ⁴He nucleus is an example of ________

A)a nuclide.
B)a muon.
C)a proton.
D)a neutron.
E)a nucleon.

Answer 3

a nuclide.

Question 4

Which of the following atoms contains the least number of neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 5

Which one of the following experiments provided evidence that atoms contained small massive nuclei with positive charges?

A)Bunsen and Kirchoff's flame test
B)Fraunhofer lines
C)the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden experiment
D)Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes
E)Millikan's oil-drop experiment

Question 6

The Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden gold foil experiments paved the way for the nuclear model of the atom, replacing ________ of the atom.

A)the quantum mechanical model
B)Dalton's theory
C)Avogadro's law
D)the plum-pudding model
E)Einstein's relativistic theory

Question 7

What is the correct symbol for a proton?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 8

What is the correct symbol for an electron?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which statement is not correct? In atomic mass units (amu or u), ________

A)the mass of an electron, proton, or neutron is approximately 1 u.
B)the mass of a proton or neutron is approximately 1 u, and the mass of an electron is approximately 0 u.
C)the mass of an atom is approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
D)the mass of a carbon-12 atom is exactly 12 u.
E)the mass of an oxygen-16 atom is approximately 16 u.

Question 10

Protons and neutrons are examples of ________

A)nuclei.
B)nuclides.
C)nucleons.
D)isotopes.
E)charged particles.

Question 11

Which particle-level diagram is the best representation of a ion?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 12

Which statement is correct?

A)Electrons, protons, and neutrons have about the same mass.
B)Electrons have a much smaller mass than that of protons and neutrons.
C)Neutrons are much more massive than protons.
D)Protons are much more massive than neutrons.
E)Electrons have a much larger mass than that of protons and neutrons.

Question 13

A Mn²⁺ ion has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________electrons.

A)23; 30; 25
B)25; 30; 23
C)30; 25; 23
D)25; 30; 25
E)30; 25; 30

Question 14

Who discovered electrons?

A)Robert Boyle
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)Albert Einstein

Question 15

A Cl atom has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

A)17; 18; 19
B)17; 20; 17
C)17; 17; 20
D)17; 18; 17
E)18; 17; 18

Question 16

In the atoms in the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden experiment, the alpha particles were repelled by ________

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)nuclei.
E)gravity.

Question 17

Which particle-level diagram is the best representation for a atom?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

Who was the first scientist to determine the charge of an electron?

A)Robert Boyle
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)Albert Einstein

Question 19

Which statement best describes isotopes?

A)They have the same atomic mass.
B)They have the same total number of protons and neutrons.
C)They have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.
D)They have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
E)They have very different chemical reactivity.

Question 20

Which statement is not correct?

A)Electrons have a negative electrical charge.
B)Protons have a positive electrical charge.
C)Neutrons do not have an electrical charge.
D)In an atom, the interaction between electrons and protons is attractive.
E)In an atom, the interaction between electrons and neutrons is repulsive.

Question 21

The average atomic mass of zinc is 65.39 amu. Given the data in the following table, what is the natural abundance of ⁶⁶Zn?

A)27.83%
B)0.2783%
C)50.00%
D)2.783%
E)28.73%

Question 22

What is the symbol of the ion having 17 protons and 18 electrons?

A)S^2-
B)Cl
C)Cl.
D)Cl⁺
E)K⁺

Question 23

For each of the elements below, there are only two naturally occurring isotopes. Using information in your periodic table, identify the pair in which the lighter isotope is the more abundant one.

A)(⁶Li and ⁷Li)
B)(⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br)
C)(¹⁰B and ¹¹B)
D)(¹⁹¹Ir and ¹⁹³Ir)
E)(⁵⁰V and ⁵¹V)

Question 24

The sixth period of the periodic table contains ________ elements.

A)18
B)32
C)24
D)16
E)8

Question 25

A O ion has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

A)8; 8; 6
B)8; 10; 10
C)8; 8; 10
D)8; 8; 8
E)8; 16; 8

Question 26

What is the symbol for silicon?

A)S
B)Sn
C)Sr
D)Se
E)Si

Question 27

For each of the elements below, there are only two naturally occurring isotopes. Using information in your periodic table, identify the pair in which the heavier isotope is the more abundant one.

A)(⁶³Cu and ⁶⁵Cu)
B)(⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb)
C)(¹⁰B and ¹¹B)
D)(⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br)
E)(¹⁴N and ¹⁵N)

Question 28

The mass of thallium (Tl) on the periodic table is given as 204.3833 without any units. There are 47 isotopes of thallium, but only two are stable and abundant, thallium-203, with a mass of 202.9723 amu, and thallium-205, with a mass of 204.9744 amu. What is the percentage of each of these isotopes in naturally occurring thallium?

A)29.5% ²⁰³Tl and 70.5% ²⁰⁵Tl
B)70.5% ²⁰³Tl and 29.5% ²⁰⁵Tl
C)25.5% ²⁰³Tl and 74.5% ²⁰⁵Tl
D)74.5% ²⁰³Tl and 25.5% ²⁰⁵Tl
E)32.5% ²⁰³Tl and 67.5% ²⁰⁵Tl

Question 29

What is the symbol for magnesium?

A)M
B)Mg
C)Mn
D)Mo
E)Ma

Question 30

Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal?

A)K
B)Mg
C)Al
D)Cu
E)Na

Question 31

Zinc has five naturally occurring isotopes with an average mass of 65.39 amu. Three isotopes, in roughly equal amounts, account for 95% of zinc. Which isotope is most abundant?

A)(⁶⁴Zn, 63.9291 amu)
B)(⁶⁶Zn, 65.9260 amu)
C)(⁶⁷Zn, 66.9271 amu)
D)(⁶⁸Zn, 67.9249 amu)
E)(⁷⁰Zn, 69.9253 amu)

Question 32

Enriched weapons-grade uranium consists of 80% uranium-235 (235.044 amu) and 20% uranium-238 (238.051 amu). What is the average atomic mass of weapons-grade uranium, assuming the percentages are exact?

A)235.044 amu
B)236.547 amu
C)238.051 amu
D)235.645 amu
E)235.754 amu

Question 33

An unknown element is found to contain isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances: 38.9637 amu (93.08%), 39.9640 amu (0.012%), and 40.9618 amu (6.91%). Using these data, identify the element.

A)S
B)Cl
C)Ar
D)K
E)Ca

Question 34

The Curiosity rover now on Mars analyzed rocks and found magnesium to have the following isotopic composition. What is the average atomic mass of magnesium in these rocks?

A)24.31 u
B)24.29 u
C)24.33 u
D)24.99 u
E)33.33 u

Question 35

What is the symbol of the ion having 12 protons and 10 electrons?

A)Mg²⁺
B)Al³⁺
C)Mg^2-
D)Na²⁺
E)Mg

Question 36

He is the symbol for ________

A)hydrogen.
B)hafnium.
C)mercury.
D)helium.
E)holmium.

Question 37

There are three major isotopes of silicon: silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30. Given the average atomic mass of silicon is 28.10 amu, estimate the percent abundance of the most abundant isotope of silicon.

A)8%
B)20%
C)66%
D)80%
E)92%

Question 38

Ca is the symbol for ________

A)cesium.
B)cobalt.
C)cadmium.
D)calcium.
E)cerium.

Question 39

A hypothetical element has two stable isotopes: one isotope has a mass of 106.9051 amu with an abundance of 48.183%, the other isotope has a mass of 108.9048 amu with an abundance of 51.825%. What is the average atomic mass of this element?

A)107.980 amu
B)107.970 amu
C)107.960 amu
D)107.950 amu
E)107.940 amu

Question 40

Which statement regarding the organization of the periodic table is not correct?

A)Mendeleev arranged known elements with similar chemical properties in columns.
B)Mendeleev's predictions of the chemical properties of unknown elements facilitated their discovery.
C)Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
D)The modern periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing atomic number.
E)The elements go from gases to liquids to solids in order down the columns in Mendeleev's periodic table.

Question 41

Iron is best described as a(n) ________

A)metalloid.
B)transition metal.
C)chalcogen.
D)alkaline earth metal.
E)nonmetal.

Question 42

Elements 21-30 are known as ________

A)alkaline earths.
B)chalcogens.
C)halides.
D)transition metals.
E)rare earths.

Question 43

The elements below are used in fireworks. Which one is not classified correctly according to its position in the periodic table?

A)Sodium is an alkali metal.
B)Strontium is an alkaline earth metal.
C)Iron is a transition metal.
D)Phosphorus is a nonmetal.
E)Sulfur is a metalloid.

Question 44

Dalton's law of multiple proportions deals with ________

A)the proportions of reacting chemicals that maximize the reaction rate.
B)the total number of different compounds that can be made from two elements.
C)the volumes of two elements that can combine to form two or more compounds.
D)the relative masses of two elements that can combine to form two or more compounds.
E)reactions that involve multiple steps.

Question 45

When 10.0 g of sulfur is combined with 10.0 g of oxygen, 20.0 g of sulfur dioxide is formed. What mass of oxygen would be required to convert 10.0 g of sulfur into sulfur trioxide?

A)5.0 g
B)10 g
C)15 g
D)30 g
E)20 g

Question 46

Silicon is best described as a ________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 47

Which statement below is not correct?

A)Oxygen is a chalcogen.
B)Calcium is an alkaline earth metal.
C)Silicon is a nonmetal.
D)Sodium is an alkali metal.
E)Bromine is a halogen.

Question 48

Identify the letter of the group that contains the most metalloids.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

Elements in group 16 (VIA) are called ________

A)alkali metals.
B)pnictogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 50

How many atoms of each element are there in the compound Na₃(PO₄)₃?

A)sodium 3, phosphorus 3, oxygen 12
B)sodium 9, phosphorus 3, oxygen 12
C)sodium 3, phosphorus 1, oxygen 4
D)sodium 3, potassium 1, oxygen 4
E)sodium 9, potassium 3, oxygen 12

Question 51

Cesium is an example of ________

A)an alkali metal.
B)a transition metal.
C)an alkaline earth metal.
D)a halogen.
E)a chalcogen.

Question 52

Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Dalton's atomic view of matter?

A)Atoms of one element can be converted into atoms of another element.
B)Each element is composed of atoms that are identical in size, mass, and chemical properties.
C)Compounds are formed from different atoms in simple whole number ratios.
D)Atoms of different elements can combine in several different proportions to make different compounds.
E)Matter is discrete, as proposed by Democritus.

Question 53

Oxygen is best described as a ________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 54

Which letter below represents the chalcogen group?

A) A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 55

Elements in group 17 (VIIA) are called ________

A)alkali metals.
B)pnictogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 56

Identify the letter of the group that contains the most nonmetals.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 57

Identify the statement regarding H₂, He, and NH₃ that is correct.

A)H₂ and He are chemical elements.
B)Only He is a chemical element.
C)Only H₂ is a chemical compound.
D)All are chemical elements.
E)All are chemical compounds.

Question 58

Potassium is best described as a ________

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 59

Nitrogen and oxygen combine to form several different nitrogen oxides. In one case, 8.4 g of nitrogen reacted completely with 4.8 g of oxygen. In another case, 4.2 g of nitrogen reacted with 9.6 g of oxygen. Which pair of nitrogen oxides is consistent with these data?

A)NO and N₂O
B)NO and NO₂
C)N₂O and N₂O₅
D)NO and N₂O₄
E)N₂O and N₂O₄

Question 60

Which letter below represents the halogen group? A B C D E

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 61

Based on its position in the periodic table, which atom would you predict to form a compound with one chlorine atom?

A)boron
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)carbon

Question 62

Based on its position in the periodic table, which atom would you predict to form an ionic compound with two bromine atoms?

A)sodium
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)carbon

Question 63

Which of the following molecular compounds has an incorrect formula or is not named correctly?

A)CCl₄, carbon tetrachloride
B)P₂N₅, phosphorus pentanitride
C)SF₆, sulfur hexafluoride
D)NO₂, nitrogen dioxide
E)SO, sulfur monoxide

Question 64

Which one of the following is a cation?

A)NO₃^-
B)SO₂
C)Ca²⁺
D)Na
E)O₂

Question 65

Which one of the following is an ionic compound?

A)SO₂
B)ClO₂
C)H₂O
D)TiO₂
E)CO₂

Question 66

Locate each element in the periodic table and identify which statement is not correct. The common ion of ________ has ________ electrons and a charge of ________.

A)Na; 10; +1
B)K; 18; +1
C)Mg; 10; +2
D)O; 10; -2
E)F; 10; -2

Question 67

Locate each element in the periodic table and identify which statement is not correct. The common ion of ________ has ________ electrons and a charge of ________.

A)Cs; 55; +1
B)Ca; 18; +2
C)Ba; 54; +2
D)S; 18; -2
E)Cl; 18; -1

Question 68

Which element labeled A-E in the periodic table below will have an ionic charge of +3?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 69

What is the correct formula for the compound formed between potassium and phosphorus based on their positions in the periodic table?

A)K₂P
B)KP₂
C)KP
D)K₂P₂
E)K₃P

Question 70

Which element labeled A-E in the periodic table below will have an ionic charge of +2?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 71

Which of the following is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding?

A)NaF
B)CaCl₂
C)Cs₂O
D)CO₂
E)NaCl

Question 72

What is the correct formula for the compound formed between sodium and iodine based on their positions in the periodic table?

A)Na₂I
B)NaI₂
C)NaI
D)Na₂I₂
E)Na₃I

Question 73

Which one of the following is a molecular compound? Molecular compounds also are known as covalent compounds.

A)Na₂O
B)CaO
C)FeO
D)CCl₄
E)Fe₂O₃

Question 74

Identify the binary compound that has ionic bonding.

A)H₂O
B)NO
C)LiF
D)CH₄
E)CF₄

Question 75

Based on its position in the periodic table, which atom would you predict to form a compound with three lithium atoms?

A)boron
B)carbon
C)nitrogen
D)sulfur
E)fluorine

Question 76

Based on the element's position in the periodic table, which statement below is not correct?

A)The charge on an ion of sodium is 1+.
B)The charge on an ion of magnesium is 2+.
C)The charge on an ion of oxygen is 2-.
D)The charge on an ion of chlorine is 1-.
E)Ca²⁺ has more electrons than Ar.

Question 77

Which element labeled A-E in the periodic table below will have an ionic charge of +2?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 78

Which one of the following is an anion?

A)Na⁺
B)CO₂
C)Cl^-
D)Na
E)O₃

Question 79

Which element labeled A-E in the periodic table below will have an ionic charge of -1?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 80

What is the empirical formula for dioxane, C₄H₈O₂?

A)CHO
B)C₄H₈O₂
C)C₂H₄O
D)CH₂O
E)CHO₂