Deck 10: Victims of Rapes and Other Sexual Assaults

Question 1

In English common law the crime of rape was called _____.

A) unlawful carnal knowledge
B) unlawful imprisonment
C) battery
D) assault

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A forcible rape becomes "aggravated rape" if: _____.

A) the assailant uses a weapon
B) more than one assailant is involved
C) the assailant(s) inflict(s) additional injury
D) any of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_______ remains the key factor that distinguishes a sexual assault from an unpleasant sexual experience with an overly aggressive partner.

A) Injury
B) Fear
C) Lack of consent
D) Difference in age

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Those who have _______ can re-experience the attack over and over again in nightmares and flashbacks.

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) false-memory syndrome
C) intimate violence syndrome
D) separation anxiety

Question 5

Like others who are stunned by an unexpected, life-threatening ordeal, survivors of rape can develop a condition called _____.

A) CFS
B) PTSD
C) FAS
D) BPD

Question 6

Until the late 1980s, most prosecutors were reluctant to pursue _____ rape cases.

A) male perpetrator/male victim
B) statutory
C) female perpetrator/male victim
D) date

Question 7

According to analysis of 2005 through 2010 NCVS data, about _____ percent of female sexual assault victims were so severely injured that they sought medical care

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 45

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding reporting rates is true?

A) Typically, fewer than half of the victims who report a rape to the NCVS report their rape to the police.
B) Nearly all female rape victims report the crime to the police.
C) Almost no male victims of rape report the crime to the police
D) Approximately one out of every ten rape victims reports the crime to the police.

Question 9

The word "rape" comes from the Latin word rapere, meaning _____.

A) murder
B) victim
C) to take by force
D) none of these

Question 10

The sociological idea of the _____ can be applied to rapes that are perpetrated by armed complete strangers against unsuspecting females who are ambushed in darkness in blitz attacks.

A) prototype
B) exemplar
C) ideal type
D) primary construct

Question 11

_____ is defined as repeated rapes, generally by an intimate or acquaintance.

A) Aggravated battery
B) Cycle of violence
C) Series victimization
D) Aggravated assault

Question 12

The emotional impact of rape may be manifested as _____.

A) fear
B) anxiety
C) depression
D) all of these

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding marital rape?

A) There is no such crime at this time, though several groups are attempting to have it recognized as a crime.
B) Marital rape was outlawed long ago, even in English Common Law.
C) Marital rape was not specified as a crime in any of the states until the mid-1970s
D) Marital rape is illegal today, but only if the couple no longer cohabitates.

Question 14

In the United States, the crime of rape is now _____.

A) male against female
B) gender-neutral
C) adult against child
D) child against child

Question 15

According to the text, features that identify so-called "real rapes" include _____.

A) the injured party is completely virtuous
B) the offender was armed with a weapon
C) the offender is a complete stranger
D) all of these

Question 16

By English common law definition, rape could only be committed by a male against _____.

A) another male
B) a female who was not his wife
C) a child of either sex
D) a young girl

Question 17

Arguments in favor of disclosing victim's names in the media include _____.

A) the public has a right to know
B) the prosecuting attorney has a right to know
C) all crimes are made public
D) not favoring rape victims

Question 18

Other terrible consequences of rape can include _____.

A) chronic physical pain
B) development of a substance abuse disorder
C) unwanted pregnancy or disease
D) all of these

Question 19

In Coker v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.

A) involuntary castration of recidivist rapists is permissible
B) capital punishment was an excessive penalty for rape
C) marital rape is a legitimate crime
D) children under the age of 12 cannot consent to sexual activity

Question 20

The phrase _____ implies the victim reasonably fears bodily harm if she (or he) refuses to acquiesce.

A) sexual battery
B) aggravated assault
C) statutory rape
D) forcible rape

Question 21

By English common law definition, rape could only be committed by a male, against a female who was not his wife.

Question 22

In Coker v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment is an excessive penalty for rape.

Question 23

As of the early 21st century, females with the most risk for being raped are between the ages of 12 and 17.

Question 24

The United States Supreme Court held capital punishment is not a permissible punishment in the cases of forcible rape of a child.

Question 25

Generally, _____ laws stipulate that the defense cannot introduce evidence about the accuser's past sexual conduct unless the woman has previously been convicted of prostitution, has had consensual sex before with the defendant, or has an obvious incentive to lie.

A) rape shield
B) statutory rape
C) sexual battery
D) victim advocacy

Question 26

Like others who are stunned by an unexpected, life-threatening ordeal, survivors of rape can suffer from a condition called PTSD.

Question 27

The belief that the woman's word alone should not be enough to secure a conviction in a rape case is based on the concern that _____.

A) defendants charged with rape are socially stigmatized
B) some females might gain by making false accusations
C) the accused is entitled to the presumption of innocence
D) all of these

Question 28

The only punishable act covered by laws against sexual assault is sexual intercourse.

Question 29

The phrase "forcible rape" implies that the target reasonably fears bodily harm if she (or he) refuses to acquiesce.

Question 30

The emotional impact of rape is often manifested as fear, anxiety and/or depression.

Question 31

According to the NCVS, the lowest annual reporting rates for rape to date have been about _____ percent, while the highest was only _____ percent.

A) 15; 45
B) 25; 55
C) 35; 65
D) 45; 75

Question 32

A victim may develop a substance abuse disorder as a consequence of rape.

Question 33

As the term is used by some, "real" rapes involve cases where the injured party was completely virtuous and the assailant was a complete stranger.

Question 34

In _______ the Supreme Court established the right of persons accused of capital crimes to be represented by competent counsel provided by the government.

A) Coker v. Georgia
B) Powell v. Alabama
C) Mapp v. Ohio
D) Kennedy v. Louisiana

Question 35

Rape is typically motivated by desire for sexual gratification.

Question 36

In the United States, the crime of rape is now gender-neutral.

Question 37

The issue of _____ is central to any rape complaint.

A) consent
B) forensic evidence
C) physical injuries
D) all of these

Question 38

Rape is one of the most underreported violent crimes.

Question 39

Sociologists may refer to readily identifiable rapes that raise few legal questions or moral doubts as "ideal types."

Question 40

A judge might hand down a lenient sentence in view of mitigating circumstances such as implied consent.

Question 41

Discuss how perspectives have changed in cases of wives raped by their husbands and male rape victims.

Question 42

Describe how different types of rape are treated differently by both the public and the criminal justice system.

Question 43

Generally, rape shield laws stipulate that the defense cannot introduce evidence about the accuser's past sexual conduct unless the woman has previously been convicted of prostitution, has had consensual sex before with the defendant, or has an obvious incentive to lie.

Question 44

Outline and discuss the fears about intrusive press coverage, unwanted publicity, and victim-blaming accusations that discourage some sexual assault victims from turning to the criminal justice system for help.

Question 45

Corroboration in a rape case can take the form of obvious physical injuries and forensic evidence.

Question 46

Explain the three approaches to addressing the crime of sexual assault through history.

Question 47

Describe "rape shield" laws and their purpose. Explain how these laws support either the "victim blaming" or "victim defending" perspective.

Question 48

A reasonableness standard stipulates that the degree of resistance that expresses nonconsent can depend on the circumstances.

Question 49

In Powell v. Alabama, the Supreme Court established the right of persons accused of capital crimes to be represented by competent counsel provided by the government.

Question 50

In state courts, almost half of all accused rapists who go to trial are convicted.