Deck 6: Victims and the Criminal Justice Systempart I: The Police

Question 1

Punishment in the form of imprisonment has been defended as a method of enhancing public safety by _____ dangerous predators.

A) restoring
B) rehabilitating
C) incapacitating
D) reforming

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Utilitarian opponents argue high rates of mass incarceration are _____.

A) ineffective
B) impractical
C) expensive
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Punishment is justified by the argument(s) that _____.

A) experiencing unpleasant and unwanted consequences will cause the offender to not want to commit crime again
B) making an example out of an offender serves as a warning to the general public
C) it enhances public safety as the offender is off the streets
D) all of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A police department that is _____ is more likely to have a victim advocacy unit.

A) victim-oriented
B) forward telescoping
C) intrinsically successful
D) externally-motivated

Question 5

The process in which police completely reject a person's claim about being the victim of a crime is known as _____.

A) unfounding
B) defounding
C) misprisioning
D) devaluing

Question 6

The reporting rate for _____ was higher in 2013 than 2006.

A) simple assault
B) robbery
C) rape and sexual assault
D) motor vehicle theft

Question 7

Which approach recognizes the role that residents can play in guiding the operations and policies of police departments?

A) outreach enterprise
B) collaborative enforcement
C) community policing
D) cost-benefit analysis

Question 8

That a convicted criminal serves as a warning to would-be offenders contemplating the same act is the logic of _____.

A) retribution
B) rehabilitation
C) general deterrence
D) specific deterrence

Question 9

Victims who want the court to order convicts to repay them for the costs arising from their injuries and losses are in favor of _____.

A) retribution
B) rehabilitation
C) restitution
D) incapacitation

Question 10

Victims are more likely to endorse treatment or rehabilitation services if _____.

A) the offender is a stranger
B) the offender is someone they know
C) the have been a victim before
D) all of these

Question 11

Rehabilitation can take the form of _____.

A) counseling
B) behavior modification
C) intense psychotherapy
D) all of these

Question 12

Victims are_____ consumers of police services.

A) direct
B) indirect
C) distal
D) primary

Question 13

In the aftermath of street crime, victims are likely to feel _____.

A) powerless
B) disoriented
C) infuriated
D) any or all of these

Question 14

One of the most emotionally draining tasks in police work is _____.

A) arresting and booking female offenders
B) notifying a parent that their child has been arrested
C) notifying the next of kin about the death of a family member
D) arresting and booking juveniles

Question 15

The failure of witnesses to report certain kinds of offenses such as child or elder abuse is a ________ in some jurisdictions.

A) civil violation
B) felony
C) misdemeanor
D) administrative violation

Question 16

Reporting rates for crimes vary by _____.

A) geographical location
B) age
C) race
D) all of these

Question 17

_______ means detectives believe an offense really did take place but was not as serious as the complainant described it.

A) Unfounding
B) Defounding
C) Misprisioning
D) Devaluing

Question 18

The functionalist perspective believes the criminal justice process is supposed to _____.

A) assist the offender in obtaining rehabilitation
B) reduce harm for the community
C) be the first line of defense for innocent citizens against criminals
D) act on its own behalf

Question 19

Punishment justified on the grounds of ______ implies that punishment is a morally sound practice, regardless of any value it has in deterring or incapacitating criminals.

A) rehabilitation
B) just deserts
C) general deterrence
D) specific deterrence

Question 20

The NCVS found that ______ of all persons who were under attack told survey interviewers that the rescuers arrived within five minutes.

A) almost none
B) less than a third
C) about half
D) over three quarters

Question 21

When victims reported violent crimes, their leading reason is to catch and punish the offender.

Question 22

Victims do not expect authority figures to calm and console them.

Question 23

The logic of general deterrence implies that the offender who experiences unpleasant consequences learns a lesson and is discouraged from breaking the law again.

Question 24

Police are generally the first responders in matters involving crime.

Question 25

Police officers exercise a great deal of _____ in deciding whom to take into custody and book and whom to let go.

A) preference
B) diplomacy
C) discretion
D) restriction

Question 26

The theory of just deserts justifies punishment based on deterrence.

Question 27

Rehabilitation can take the form of intense psychotherapy.

Question 28

Punishment in the form of imprisonment has been defended as a method of enhancing public safety by incapacitating dangerous predators.

Question 29

People who bring their problems to a police station expect officers and detectives to listen to them without bias as they explain their situation.

Question 30

The failure of witnesses to report certain violent offenses such as child or elder abuse is a misdemeanor in some jurisdictions.

Question 31

Most people think of rehabilitation first when considering what justice entails.

Question 32

Justifying punishment on the grounds of just deserts implies that punishment is a morally sound practice, regardless of any value it has in deterring or incapacitating criminals.

Question 33

Auto theft is most likely to be reported.

Question 34

According to the NCVS, which is the following is true about the reporting rate for violent crimes?

A) Simple assaults are reported more often than are robberies.
B) The reporting rates for rape and sexual assault vary considerably from year to year.
C) Auto theft typically has one of the lowest reporting rates.
D) None of these is true.

Question 35

Generally, which of the following is true about citizen's arrest?

A) Citizens have the legal right to detain an offender and hold him until the authorities can take him into custody.
B) Citizen's arrest was legal in colonial times but is no longer legal.
C) Citizen's arrest only applies to off-duty or retired sworn officers.
D) Citizen's arrest is only legal for those citizens who complete special training.

Question 36

Many police departments have established _____ to reexamine old unsolved serious crimes.

A) victim assistance programs
B) cold case squads
C) detective bureaus
D) citizen's arrest units

Question 37

During the 1990s, females were more likely to report violent incidents to the police than were males.

Question 38

According to the NCVS, thefts of household property worth less than $50 is most likely to be reported.

Question 39

Which performance measures would indicate a police department is fulfilling its mission?

A) a temporary rise in the crime rate due to an increase number of citizens feeling comfortable making a report
B) customer satisfaction surveys indicating victims were satisfied with how police handled their case
C) a rise in clearance rates
D) all of these

Question 40

The logic of specific deterrence is that making an example of a convicted criminal serves as a warning to would-be offenders contemplating the same act.

Question 41

Unfounding is the process during which the police completely reject a person's claim about being the victim of a crime.

Question 42

Defounding means detectives believe an offense really did take place but was not as serious as the complainant described it.

Question 43

Many police departments have established victim assistance programs to reexamine old unsolved serious crimes.

Question 44

Police officers exercise a great deal of preference in deciding whom to take into custody and book and whom to let go.

Question 45

Discuss the reasons why a victim might choose to not report a crime to the police. Include a discussion of the victim's role as a facilitator, precipitator, or provocateur.

Question 46

Outline and explain the three key goals victims can pursue through the criminal justice system.

Question 47

Explain the different ways 'clearance rates' can be interpreted.

Question 48

Since 2002, the U.S. Department of Justice has not had a need to conduct audits of police departments to determine whether police are complying with civil rights laws mandating fair and equal treatment of all persons.

Question 49

In what ways can the police better serve the best interest of crime victims?

Question 50

When people fill out a complaint in a police station, they want officers to accept without question their versions of what transpired. Define and discuss the processes of unfounding and defounding. In what ways do these processes impact the numbers of serious crimes recorded by police departments?