Deck 14: The Cutaneous Senses

Question 1

 The Meissner corpuscle is associated with _____.

A) sensing vibrations
B) sensing fine texture
C) controlling handgrip
D) sensing fine details

Answer 1

C

Question 2

 Which type of acuity is measured by pressing a grooved stimulus onto the skin and asking the person to indicate the orientation

A) grating
B) letter
C) two-point
D) Braille simulated

Answer 2

A

Question 3

 Which mechanoreceptor is located deeper in the skin and responds continuously to stimulation and is associated with perceiving stretching of the skin

A) Pacinian corpuscles?
B) Ruffini cylinders
C) Merkel receptors
D) Meissner corpuscles

Answer 3

B

Question 4

 Which body part is the most sensitive to detail

A) fingertips
B) palms
C) forehead
D) upper arm

Question 5

 The mechanoreceptors primarily responsible for feeling the vibrations from an electric toothbrush are _____ because these receptors contain an "onion-like" series of layers.

A) Pacinian corpuscles
B) Merkel receptors
C) Ruffini cylinders
D) Meissner corpuscles

Question 6

 Experience-dependent plasticity has been found to occur for _____.

A) the somatosensory system only
B) the auditory system only
C) only the auditory and somatosensory systems
D) the somatosensory, auditory, and visual systems

Question 7

 Jan is a right-handed violin player - she bows with her right hand and fingers the strings with her left. The cortical representation for the fingers on her left hand is _____.

A) equal to the area for the fingers on her right hand
B) equal to the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician
C) larger than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician
D) smaller than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician

Question 8

 The mapping of the body on the somatosensory cortex can be represented as a(n) _____.

A) homunculus
B) anosmia
C) epidermis
D) pachyderm

Question 9

 The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in _____.

A) the medial lemniscal pathway only
B) the spinothalamic pathway only
C) the geniculostriate pathway only
D) both the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway

Question 10

 The fibers from the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway go to the _____.

A) lateral geniculate nucleus
B) medial geniculate nucleus
C) ventrolateral nucleus
D) hypothalamus

Question 11

 Penfield mapped locations of body parts on area S1 by _____.

A) using fMRIs in humans?
B) lesioning S1 areas in the monkey
C) using somatosensory-evoked potentials in monkeys
D) stimulating S1 areas in humans, and asking where they felt body sensations

Question 12

 The area on S1 associated with the thumb is as large as the area for the forearm. This is an example of _____.

A) sensory substitution
B) Braille projection
C) cortical magnification
D) the analgesic inversion principle

Question 13

 Ian Waterman was able to sense pain and temperature because his _____ pathway was intact, but could not feel touch and limb position because of damage to his _____ pathway.

A) lemniscal; spinothalamic?
B) spinothalamic; lemniscal
C) homuncular; lemniscal
D) spinothermal; spinothalamic

Question 14

 The outer layer of the skin is composed of _____.

A) a lipid layer
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) dead skin cells

Question 15

 The receptive fields of cortical S1 neurons are _____.

A) larger for the fingers than for the forearm
B) larger for the fingers than for the hand
C) smaller for the fingers than the forearm
D) the same size for the fingers as for the hand

Question 16

 The somatosensory system comprises _____.

A) the cutaneous sensory system only
B) cutaneous sensations and proprioception only
C) cutaneous sensations and kinesthesis only
D) cutaneous sensations, proprioception, and kinesthesis

Question 17

 The _____ are responsible for the perception of rapid vibrations, such as you would experience when using a hand-held massager.

A) Pacinian corpuscles
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Ruffini cylinders
D) Merkel receptors

Question 18

 The density of the _____ on the fingertips than on the palms.

A) Merkel receptors is higher
B) Krausse end bulbs is higher
C) Merkel receptors is lower
D) Pacinian corpuscles is lower

Question 19

 The _____ are located near the border of the epidermis and surface of the skin, and are associated with sensing fine details.

A) Pacinian corpuscle
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Ruffini cylinders
D) Merkel receptors

Question 20

 Which of the following is true regarding body mapping in the somatosensory cortex

A) Body maps only appear in S1.
B) Body map regions are proportionate to the actual size of the body parts.
C) Body maps appear in both the frontal and parietal lobes.
D) Body maps appear in S1 and S2.

Question 21

 The demonstration in which you perceived the texture of a surface using your pen or another "tool" showed _____.

A) it is difficult to determine texture without directly touching the surface
B) passive touch is more important than active touch in texture perception
C) texture gradients are more important for vision than cutaneous senses
D) that you can use vibrations to perceive the texture of the surface

Question 22

 The phrase "multimodal nature of pain" refers to _____.

A) pain that occurs from different sources
B) pain that is tolerable and pain that is intolerable
C) the sensory and emotional components of pain
D) real and imagined sources of pain

Question 23

 Research by Derbyshire et al. (2003) Hofbauer et al. (2001) showed that hypnotic suggestion _____.

A) causes changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in affective component of pain
B) can cause changes in anterior cingulate cortex for changes in sensory component of pain
C) causes changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in sensory component of pain
D) can cause changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in emotional component of pain

Question 24

 Lucy, a heterosexual female, would be able to keep her hand immersed in cold water longer if she was _____.

A) looking at pictures of a refrigerator
B) looking at pictures of accidents
C) looking a pictures of attractive males
D) visualizing images of war

Question 25

 The sensory component of pain is to _____ as the emotional component of pain is to _____.

A) throbbing; dull
B) annoying; sickening
C) frightful; prickly
D) throbbing; annoying

Question 26

 Pokorny, a burn victim, reduced perceived pain by _____.

A) viewing photographs of other burn victims
B) microstimulation to the nocioreceptors in the forearm
C) having a discussion of the placebo effect with his doctor
D) playing a virtual-reality "game" during treatment

Question 27

 Moving your finger across a textured surface can produce vibrations that are interpreted as texture. These vibrations are defined as _____.

A) parietal cues
B) temporal cues
C) spatial cues
D) olfactory cues

Question 28

 Passive touch is to experiencing _____ as active touch is to experiencing _____.

A) the object; stimulation of the skin
B) intermittent stimulation; continuous stimulation
C) continuous stimulation; intermittent stimulation
D) stimulation of the skin; the object

Question 29

 As we move from mechanoreceptor fibers in the fingers toward the brain, we see that neurons become _____.

A) less specialized
B) more inhibitory
C) less inhibitory
D) more specialized

Question 30

 Bobby is asked to use haptic perception to identify a soccer ball. She will most likely use the exploratory procedure(s) of _____ to identify the soccer ball's exact shape.

A) lateral motion and pressure
B) pressure only
C) enclosure and contour following
D) passive motion and lateral motion

Question 31

 According to the gate control theory of pain, the _____ opens the pain gate by sending excitation to _____.

A) mechanoreceptors; transmission cells
B) SG+; nocioceptors
C) SG-; mechanoreceptors
D) nociceptors; transmission cells

Question 32

 The duplex theory of texture perception refers to the importance of _____.

A) temporal cues and spatial cues?
B) parietal cues and occipital cues
C) spatial cues and occipital cues
D) temporal cues and parietal cues

Question 33

 The phenomenon of "phantom limb" is difficult to explain using the _____ of pain.

A) direct pathway model
B) gate control model
C) nocioceptor model
D) neuropathic model

Question 34

 In most of our daily experience of touch, we are using _____.

A) passive touch?
B) active touch?
C) two-point touch
D) two-hand touch

Question 35

 Neuropathic pain is to _____ as inflammatory pain is to _____.

A) tumor cells; phantom limb syndrome
B) tumor cells; carpal tunnel syndrome
C) carpal tunnel syndrome; azimuth burn
D) carpal tunnel syndrome; tumor cells

Question 36

 The subjective intensity of pain is to _____ as the unpleasantness of pain is to _____.

A) somatosensory cortex; Area S2
B) real pain; phantom pain
C) the ACC; Area S2
D) somatosensory cortex; the ACC

Question 37

 When you try to identify a three-dimensional object by touch alone and are allowed to have control over your hand and finger movements, you are using _____.

A) passive touch
B) haptic perception
C) azimuth perception
D) magnification touch

Question 38

 Neurons in the ventral posterior nucleus in the thalamus have _____.

A) center-surround receptive fields
B) ill-defined receptive fields
C) no receptive fields
D) grating-like receptive fields

Question 39

 In the perception of pain, the _____ communicates directly with the amygdala, insula and ACC.

A) PFC
B) S2
C) S1
D) thalamus

Question 40

 People use mainly _____ to judge texture.

A) enclosure and lateral motion
B) pressure and enclosure
C) contour following and enclosure
D) lateral motion and contour following

Question 41

 Stroking a participants' leg leads to increased activation in S2 and S2 activity also increased when participants _____.

A) saw a video of the same leg moving around in isolation
B) saw a video depicting someone stroking an office supply binder
C) thought about an object moving toward someone's leg
D) thought about lifting the same leg and moving it around

Question 42

 Discuss how cortical magnification and plasticity are related to the cortical mapping of area S1.

Question 43

 Endorphins are _____.

A) morphine-like substances found in the body
B) receptors that are stimulated by extreme temperature on the skin
C) the active agent in placebos
D) able to overcome only very mild, tolerable pain

Question 44

 Explain how haptic exploration is used to identify objects.

Question 45

 Describe the basic principles of the gate-control model of pain.

Question 46

 Discuss at least three ways in which cognitive factors can influence pain perception.

Question 47

 Based on the finding that _____, it is believed that endorphins are linked to pain relief.

A) naloxone injections increase the analgesic effect of endorphins
B) naloxone injections decrease the analgesic effect of endorphins and placebos
C) naloxone injections increase the analgesic effects of placebos
D) placebo injections increase the analgesic effects of endorphins

Question 48

 Name and discuss the differences between the four types of mechanoreceptors.

Question 49

 What is the duplex theory of texture perception
Describe research that supports this theory.

Question 50

 Discuss research by Singer et al. (2004) that demonstrates how social situations can affect pain perception.