Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

In the movie As Good As It Gets, actor Jack Nicholson plays Melvin Udall, a gifted writer who always eats in the same restaurant, brings his own plastic utensils, and engages in strict patterns of behavior, such as repetitive hand washing or walking carefully on the sidewalk to avoid stepping on a crack. Failure to follow these ritual behaviors results in extreme anxiety and distress. The character Nicholson was portraying would probably be diagnosed with:

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) Tourette's disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Answer 1

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 2

Kleptomania and pyromania are both examples of _____ disorders.

A) personality
B) impulse-control
C) somatic symptom
D) neurodevelopmental

Answer 2

somatic symptom

Question 3

A(n) _____ is a brief, sudden, uncontrollable episode of acute anxiety and fear that rapidly escalates in intensity and usually includes physical symptoms like a pounding heart, rapid breathing, trembling, and feeling as if you are choking or cannot breathe.

A) panic attack
B) manic episode
C) episode of rapid cycling
D) dissociative experience

Answer 3

panic attack

Question 4

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:

A) sudden, intense, and short-lived bouts of anxiety.
B) panic attacks that occur frequently and unexpectedly.
C) recurring mental images of a specific traumatic incident.
D) ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.

Question 5

The viral infection theory of schizophrenia:

A) contends that schizophrenia is caused by the same virus that causes bipolar disorder.
B) suggests that men who are over 45 years of age and who have had a history of viral infections are more likely to have children who go on to develop schizophrenia.
C) contends that the development of schizophrenia is related to exposure to a virus during prenatal development or early infancy.
D) suggests that a viral infection can cause inflammation that reduces or blocks dopamine activity in the brain.

Question 6

According to "Culture and Human Behavior: Culture-Bound Syndromes," the Japanese culture-specific disorder hikkomori:

A) is very common, affecting an estimated 10 million or more people.
B) is characterized by extreme social anxiety because of fear that one's appearance, smell, facial expression, or body language will offend, insult, or embarrass other people.
C) has symptoms in common with several Eastern disorders, including ataque de nervios, taijin kyofusho, and hypochondriasis.
D) is characterized by extreme social withdrawal, a preoccupation with video games and Internet surfing, an inability to work or attend school, and virtually no social interactions with family members or the outside world.

Question 7

Agoraphobia is characterized by the intense fear of:

A) spiders, cockroaches, and other insects.
B) having a panic attack in a situation in which the person would be unable to escape or get help.
C) being embarrassed, judged, or critically evaluated.
D) embarrassing, offending, or insulting other people because of personal factors, such as smell, facial expressions, or body language.

Question 8

Some people experience a relatively mild form of depressive disorder that is characterized by chronic low-grade depression with symptoms persisting for two years or longer. This less intense type of depression is called:

A) seasonal affective disorder.
B) cyclothymic disorder.
C) persistent depressive disorder.
D) dissociative disorder.

Question 9

Taijin kyofusho is:

A) a form of meditation used in collectivistic cultures that has been found to be highly effective in treating social anxiety disorders.
B) a variation of major depressive disorder seen primarily in Asian countries that is characterized by despondency over failing to live up to family or community expectations.
C) the Japanese word used to describe a disorder that is very similar to dissociative identity disorder.
D) a form of social anxiety that usually affects young Japanese males.

Question 10

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition:

A) describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 260 specific psychological disorders.
B) is a widely used psychological test that measures a person's level of psychological distress.
C) was published in 1952 and describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for 100 specific psychological disorders.
D) explains what psychological disorders are, what causes them, and how to cure them.

Question 11

In terms of suicidal behavior, one consistent gender difference is that:

A) men are less likely than women to tell someone that they are planning to commit suicide.
B) men outnumber women in suicide deaths because men use more lethal methods.
C) men are more likely than women to attempt suicide after a failed relationship.
D) men outnumber women in the number of suicide attempts.

Question 12

In answer to a question on the exam, Richard wrote the following definition: "Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and that deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture." Richard is describing:

A) anxiety disorder.
B) dissociative disorder.
C) personality disorder.
D) mood disorder.

Question 13

An eating disorder in which the individual refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight, is extremely afraid of gaining weight or becoming fat, and has a distorted perception about the size of his or her body is called:

A) cyclothymic disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 14

A commonly seen _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.

A) negative; delusions
B) positive; hallucinations
C) positive; flat affect
D) negative; sensory distortion

Question 15

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is TRUE?

A) People with social anxiety disorder typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive.
B) Social anxiety disorder is also referred to as phonophobia.
C) People with social anxiety disorder are intensely afraid of having a panic attack in a public place.
D) More women than men experience social anxiety disorder.

Question 16

Sean has a preoccupation with imagined diseases and often misinterprets his normal bodily symptoms or functions as severe illnesses. Sean has a _____ disorder called _____ .

A) somatic symptom; ilness anxiety disorder
B) impulse-control; kleptomania
C) somatic symptom; narcolepsy
D) impulse-control; pyromania

Question 17

Dr. Zink is a clinical psychologist. Dr. Zink explains to his patient, Dave, that the reason Dave is so prone to panic attacks after he walks up three flights of stairs is that Dave is oversensitive to sensations of physical arousal and tends to irrationally distort the meaning of these sensations as calamitous or disastrous. From reading the chapter, you know that Dr. Zink is actually describing the _____ of panic disorder to Dave.

A) abnormal brain chemistry explanation
B) catastrophic cognitions theory
C) biosocial developmental model
D) triple vulnerabilities model

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Psychopathology has a low degree of comorbidity, which means that people diagnosed with one mental disorder are very unlikely to be diagnosed with another one.
B) Of the different categories of people portrayed on television shows, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized.
C) As a group, people who have been diagnosed with a mental illness have the highest rate of violent behavior in the United States.
D) The line that divides "normal" from "abnormal" behavior is sharply defined and is independent of social or cultural contexts.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about major depressive disorder is FALSE?

A) Approximately 10 percent of those suffering from major depressive disorder attempt suicide.
B) Abnormal sleep patterns, a hallmark of major depressive disorder, include insomnia and less commonly excessive amounts of sleep.
C) For people with seasonal affective disorder, repeated episodes of major depressive disorder tend to occur most often with the onset of autumn and winter.
D) In terms of lifetime prevalence, about 25 percent of Americans will be affected by major depressive disorder at some point in their lives.

Question 20

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by:

A) a rigid preoccupation with orderliness, cleanliness, and rituals that interfere with completing tasks.
B) instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity.
C) extreme social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism or disapproval.
D) a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The majority of people who experience an episode of major depressive disorder will never experience another episode of major depressive disorder.
B) Most people who experience major depressive disorder seek professional help to deal with the symptoms.
C) Even without treatment, the symptoms of major depressive disorder usually disappear within two to four weeks.
D) When major depressive disorder recurs, the symptoms tend to increase in severity.

Question 22

A commonly seen _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.

A) negative; delusions
B) positive; alogia
C) negative; flat affect
D) positive; avolition

Question 23

The term psychopathology refers to the study of people whose behavior is considered weird, unpredictable, or baffling.

A) True
B) False

Question 24

A psychological disorder, or mental disorder, is defined as a pattern of unusual or unconventional behavior that is a deviation from the typical social norms or customs.

A) True
B) False

Question 25

According to one explanation, dissociative identity disorder:

A) occurs in response to abnormal brain levels of dopamine.
B) is a way to cope with extreme abuse or trauma that occurred during childhood.
C) is more common among creative artists and writers and represents a form of pathological creativity.
D) is the result of abnormal brain structures, such as enlarged ventricles or overall lower brain volume of gray matter tissue.

Question 26

The acronym DSM-5stands for "dissociative and somatic mental disorders."

A) True
B) False

Question 27

The terms mental disorder and psychological disorder mean the same thing and are interchangeable.

A) True
B) False

Question 28

The difference between "normal" behavior and "abnormal" behavior is sometimes determined by the degree, intensity, or duration of the particular behavior.

A) True
B) False

Question 29

Compared with during the spring months, during the winter the number of suicides in the United States:

A) doubles.
B) triples.
C) quadruples.
D) is at its lowest rate.

Question 30

Although she has never told anyone about it, Private Ross is often troubled by flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing high-intensity guerrilla warfare during a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Although she tries to suppress the thoughts, they keep coming back to her. She feels emotionally numb and is beginning to have trouble concentrating at work. Ross's symptoms are an example of:

A) taijin kyofusho.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) obsessions.
D) compulsions.

Question 31

About _____ of people who experience an initial episode of schizophrenia will develop a chronic, ongoing form of the disease that severely impairs their ability to function.

A) one-tenth
B) one-quarter
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 32

Psychopathology is the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 33

A person who feels driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern in order to reduce anxiety is said to subject to:

A) dissociative fugue.
B) an obsession.
C) a compulsion.
D) a delusion of being controlled.

Question 34

The text defines psychopathology as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.

A) True
B) False

Question 35

_____ is a medication that is commonly used to help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

A) Lithium
B) Naloxone
C) Glutamate
D) Lanugo

Question 36

In the months following her graduation from college, Amber has grappled with feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and despair. In the past several weeks, these feelings have intensified, and Amber has withdrawn from all interaction with her friends and family. Based on this short description, it would appear that Amber is:

A) experiencing major depressive disorder.
B) on the verge of a schizophrenic episode.
C) experiencing the classic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) experiencing a type of dissociative fugue.

Question 37

The behaviors that are considered to be "abnormal" can vary from one culture to another.

A) True
B) False

Question 38

The text defines a psychological disorder, or mental disorder, as a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both.

A) True
B) False

Question 39

One theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is that some children are born with a biologically sensitive temperament that makes them more vulnerable to developing the disorder, especially when they are raised by caregivers who do not teach them how to control their impulsiveness or help them learn how to understand, regulate, and appropriately express their emotions. This theory is called:

A) the biosocial developmental theory of BPD.
B) the catastrophic cognitions theory of BPD.
C) the triple vulnerabilities model of BPD.
D) the genetic predisposition model of BPD.

Question 40

People who act in an unusual or unconventional way almost always have some type of psychological disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 41

The disorders in DSM-5 do not match the disorders outlined in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases.

A) True
B) False

Question 42

People with psychological disorders are about four times as likely as the average person to commit a violent crime.

A) True
B) False

Question 43

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was published in 1952.

A) True
B) False

Question 44

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 46 percent.

A) True
B) False

Question 45

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the median age of onset in years for anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD was 11.

A) True
B) False

Question 46

One study found that former psychiatric patients had a rate of violent behavior that was almost three times higher than that of a matched control group of people who lived in the same neighborhoods but had no history of psychiatric hospitalization.

A) True
B) False

Question 47

According to the text, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision has been criticized for representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many organizations and perspectives.

A) True
B) False

Question 48

DSM-5 includes the symptoms, the criteria that must be met to make a diagnosis, the frequency, typical course, and risk factors for each disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 49

Research has found that people with severe mental disorders who are actively experiencing extreme psychological symptoms, such as bizarre delusional ideas and hallucinated voices, display a slightly higher level of violent and illegal behavior than normal people.

A) True
B) False

Question 50

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, the majority of people who experience the symptoms of a psychological disorder seek professional help to deal with their symptoms.

A) True
B) False

Question 51

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, roughly one out of every four people has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder during the previous year.

A) True
B) False

Question 52

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, provides mental health professionals with both a common language for labeling mental disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

A) True
B) False

Question 53

Of all the groups portrayed on television, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized.

A) True
B) False

Question 54

According to the text, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision has been criticized for gender bias.

A) True
B) False

Question 55

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, almost one out of two adults (46 percent) have experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in their lifetime.

A) True
B) False

Question 56

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, only 5 percent of adults have experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in their lifetime.

A) True
B) False

Question 57

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, is a book that describes more than 1,000 specific psychological disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 58

Because the general public has become much more sophisticated in its thinking about psychological issues, people today are rarely reluctant to admit that they are being treated for a psychological disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 59

According to the text, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, has been criticized for oversimplification in that some groups of disorders have been collapsed into a single disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 60

According to the text, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, has been criticized for using arbitrary cutoffs to draw the line between people with and without a particular disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 61

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the median age of onset in years for impulse-control disorders was 11.

A) True
B) False

Question 62

Feelings of anxiety are always abnormal and indicate the existence of a serious psychological disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 63

Somatic symptom disorders involve persistent and recurring complaints of bodily symptoms that have no physical or medical basis.

A) True
B) False

Question 64

Kleptomania and pyromania are two examples of the diagnostic category of impulse-control disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 65

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the median age of onset in years for substance use disorders was 20.

A) True
B) False

Question 66

A disorder characterized by motor tics and vocal tics, such as grunting and snorting and uttering obscene words, is called Tourette's disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 67

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, most people with a psychological disorder manage to weather the symptoms without becoming completely debilitated and without the need for professional intervention.

A) True
B) False

Question 68

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the median age of onset in years for any disorder was 14.

A) True
B) False

Question 69

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, the two most common psychological disorders in terms of lifetime prevalence are substance use disorders (15 percent) and depressive and bipolar disorders (21 percent).

A) True
B) False

Question 70

Dysmorphic disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with imagined diseases based on the person's misinterpretation of bodily symptoms or functions.

A) True
B) False

Question 71

Anxiety disorders affect about one out of every two people (46 percent) in the U.S. during their lifetime.

A) True
B) False

Question 72

Hypochondriasis involves a preoccupation with imagined diseases based on the person's misinterpretation of bodily symptoms or functions.

A) True
B) False

Question 73

Fetishistic disorder is characterized by recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors, usually involving nonliving objects, such as female undergarments, shoes, boots, or other articles of clothing.

A) True
B) False

Question 74

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders was 56 percent.

A) True
B) False

Question 75

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD is 29 percent.

A) True
B) False

Question 76

Hypochondriasis is characterized by motor tics, such as repetitive spasmodic movements of the head and arms, and vocal tics, such as grunting and snorting, and sometimes uncontrollable utterances of profane and obscene words.

A) True
B) False

Question 77

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, the lifetime prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders is 21 percent.

A) True
B) False

Question 78

Pyromania is characterized by the urge to set fires for pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension.

A) True
B) False

Question 79

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, most people with the symptoms of a mental disorder (59 percent) received no treatment during the past year.

A) True
B) False

Question 80

One finding of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication is that the median age of onset in years for depressive and bipolar disorders was 11.

A) True
B) False