Deck 14: Therapies

Question 1

Dr. Luanda is being trained to treat his clients by encouraging them to empirically test the accuracy of their beliefs and assumptions. Dr. Luanda is being trained in:

A) cognitive therapy.
B) short-term dynamic therapy.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Answer 1

cognitive therapy.

Question 2

Dr. Burrhus said to his new patient, "I don't want to talk about your miserable childhood or how neglected you felt as a teenager. I'm going to help you overcome your compulsive eating problem. First, we're going to determine exactly when and how much you eat." Dr. Burrhus is most likely:

A) a behavior therapist.
B) a psychoanalyst.
C) practicing eye movement desensitization reprocessing.
D) a client-centered therapist.

Answer 2

a behavior therapist.

Question 3

What do systematic desensitization and virtual reality therapy have in common?

A) Both involve the use of operant conditioning principles.
B) Both are effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) Both techniques are effective in the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
D) Both are based on principles of classical conditioning.

Answer 3

Both are based on principles of classical conditioning.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a technique based on psychoanalysis as developed by Sigmund Freud?

A) free association
B) personalization
C) interpretation
D) transference

Question 5

Dr. Lygoa surgically implants a neurostimulator in the chest of a severely depressed patient and connects it to electrodes implanted in her brain via wires under the skin. This device is programmed to send electrical signals to the brain. This new experimental treatment is called:

A) integrative biomedical therapy.
B) deep brain stimulation.
C) vagus nerve stimulation.
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Question 6

According to rational-emotive therapy, psychological problems result from:

A) children being raised in an atmosphere of conditional positive regard.
B) unconscious conflicts, especially psychosexual conflicts.
C) irrational beliefs and expectations.
D) imbalances or abnormalities in brain chemistry.

Question 7

Dr. Castellanos regularly uses free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, and interpretation. Dr. Castellanos has been trained in:

A) humanistic therapy.
B) psychoanalytic therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Question 8

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, catharsis:

A) must be achieved if therapy is to be successful.
B) can be helpful for short-term relief of anxiety, but only if it is combined with psychotropic medications.
C) refers to the emotional release that people experience from simply talking about their problems.
D) refers to the process by which troubling emotions and desires are unconsciously transferred to the psychotherapist.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques is based upon the principles of operant conditioning?

A) virtual reality therapy
B) counterconditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) contingency management

Question 10

Which of the following therapy techniques are based upon the early research of Mary Cover Jones?

A) empathic listening and genuineness
B) counterconditioning and systematic desensitization
C) free association, interpretation, and resistance
D) group therapy and family therapy

Question 11

According to your textbook, which of the following criteria should new therapies meet before being put into widespread use?

A) The practitioner should seem trustworthy and genuine to the client or patient.
B) The effectiveness of new therapies should be tested empirically, and they should work better than a placebo treatment.
C) Clients or patients should feel better after the treatment.
D) The new therapies should be supported by solid anecdotal evidence, case studies, and testimonials from former patients.

Question 12

The three essential components of client-centered therapy are:

A) transference, interpretation, and resistance.
B) catharsis, dream interpretation, and insight.
C) reinforcers, consequences, and tokens.
D) genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Question 13

According to _____ and _____, the therapist must demonstrate genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

A) Sigmund Freud; psychoanalysis
B) Albert Ellis; rational-emotive therapy
C) Aaron Beck; cognitive therapy
D) Carl Rogers; client-centered therapy

Question 14

According to your textbook, an eclectic psychotherapist is one who:

A) combines the most effective aspects of network therapy with familismo therapy for clients from nonindividualistic cultures.
B) blends together multiple approaches to therapy and uses this blend with all clients regardless of their particular psychological problem.
C) integrates several biomedical treatments, including electroconvulsive therapy and medication, into an integrated treatment program.
D) carefully tailors his or her treatment program to the particular client's problems, utilizing techniques from different psychotherapy approaches.

Question 15

Which of the following is based upon the assumption that thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors all interact and influence each other?

A) short-term dynamic therapy
B) interpersonal therapy
C) biomedical therapy
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 16

Melinda wishes to overcome her extreme shyness. Melinda's therapist helps her design a program in which Melinda records every instance of shy behavior, sets specific goals for acting in a more outgoing fashion in particular situations, and rewards herself when she is successful. Melinda's therapist is probably practicing a form of:

A) humanistic therapy.
B) psychoanalytic therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Question 17

Electroconvulsive therapy is to _____ as lithium treatment is to _____.

A) major depressive disorder; anxiety disorder
B) bipolar disorder; major depressive disorder
C) phobias; anxiety disorder
D) major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder

Question 18

By definition, drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders are called:

A) neuroleptic medications.
B) atypical medications.
C) psychotropic medications.
D) pharamacogenetic medications.

Question 19

To help Woody conquer his fear of driving, Dr. Furlong develops a treatment plan that includes shaping, positive reinforcement, systematic desensitization, and challenging Woody's irrational beliefs. Dr. Furlong is probably practicing:

A) virtual reality therapy.
B) short-term dynamic therapy.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) interpersonal therapy.

Question 20

Dr. Medici is a licensed psychiatrist, and Dr. Moran is a licensed clinical psychologist. Although they share their practice, they treat different patients based upon their own area of expertise. Dr. Medici, the psychiatrist, tends to see the patients who are best suited for _____. Dr. Moran, the psychologist, tends to see the patients who are best suited for _____.

A) psychotherapy; biomedical therapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy; group therapy or family therapy
C) biomedical therapy; psychotherapy
D) vagal nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, or similar procedures; psychotropic interventions

Question 21

Although the popular media and cartoon caricatures often show psychotherapy being conducted as the patient lies on a couch while the therapist sits in a chair and takes notes, it is a myth that Sigmund Freud had his patients lie on a couch.

A) True
B) False

Question 22

Of the following cultural values, which is LEAST likely to be shared by a psychotherapy client who is a member of a collectivistic culture?

A) an emphasis on the client's individual goals, choices, and self-reliance
B) stressing the importance of group achievements over individual achievements
C) valuing emotional restraint over emotional expression
D) emphasizing the importance of consulting with members of the client's extended family about the client's treatment and progress

Question 23

What general conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

A) Psychotherapy is significantly more effective than no treatment.
B) Psychotherapy is about as effective as receiving no treatment.
C) Client-centered therapy tends to be much more effective than cognitive or behavior therapies.
D) Psychoanalytic therapy is significantly more effective than cognitive or behavior therapies.

Question 24

Psychotropic medications that are effective in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are called:

A) classic or typical antipsychotics.
B) atypical antipsychotics.
C) MAO inhibitors.
D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Question 25

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications.

A) True
B) False

Question 26

Although there are many different types of psychotherapy, they are all based on the assumption that psychological factors play a key role in troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships.

A) True
B) False

Question 27

One advantage that group therapy has over individual therapy is that:

A) group therapy can be conducted by nonprofessionals and untrained group members.
B) group members receive helpful feedback and support from one another.
C) clients are more relaxed in a group than they are in individual therapy.
D) group therapy is more effective than individual therapy.

Question 28

In all but a couple of states, clinical psychologists may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in the treatment of psychological disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 29

What were the results of controlled research studies that compared eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with a "sham" or placebo version of EMDR?

A) EMDR was about twice as effective as the sham EMDR therapy.
B) The sham EMDR therapy was more effective for patients with anxiety disorders, but EMDR was more effective for patients with major depressive disorder.
C) The sham EMDR therapy was just as effective as EMDR.
D) Patients treated with the sham EMDR therapy improved, but patients treated with EMDR got worse and eventually developed additional psychological symptoms.

Question 30

When he goes to graduate school, Darrin would like to do research that might help overcome the trial-and-error nature of prescribing psychotropic medications. He is excited by a new field of study, called _____, which is concerned with how genes influence an individual's response to drugs.

A) psychopharmacology
B) contingency management
C) psychoneuroleptics
D) pharmacogenetics

Question 31

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. Some argue that clinical psychologists should focus on what they do best: providing psychological interventions and treatments that help people acquire more effective patterns of thinking and behaving.

A) True
B) False

Question 32

A counseling psychologist holds an academic doctorate and must be licensed to practice. This type of mental health specialist assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral problems and disorders, but usually disorders that are of lesser severity.

A) True
B) False

Question 33

You are thinking about entering psychotherapy. It is reasonable for you to expect that your therapist will:

A) share your private thoughts and feelings with other clients and therapists.
B) always support your position.
C) make your decisions for you.
D) challenge how you think and act.

Question 34

Free association and dream interpretation are two important techniques in psychoanalysis.

A) True
B) False

Question 35

MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are all types of:

A) antipsychotic medications.
B) antianxiety medications.
C) antidepressant medications.
D) bipolar medications.

Question 36

The term eclecticism refers to:

A) a biomedical treatment for major depressive disorder.
B) a type of psychotherapy commonly practiced in Japan.
C) a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes interdependence over independence and is common in Latin American cultures.
D) the integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapy approaches.

Question 37

Psychiatric nurses and licensed professional counselors can prescribe medications or other medical therapies for psychological disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 38

Psychoanalysis was founded by Carl Rogers and is based on his theory of personality.

A) True
B) False

Question 39

The first effective antipsychotic medications were:

A) lithium and Buspar.
B) Valium and Librium.
C) reserpine and chlorpromazine.
D) Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil.

Question 40

The basic assumption of the biomedical therapies is that the symptoms of most psychological disorders involve biological factors, such as abnormal brain chemistry.

A) True
B) False

Question 41

Traditional psychoanalysis calls for the psychoanalyst to meet with the patient no more than once a week for six months to a year.

A) True
B) False

Question 42

In the technique called motivational interviewing, the client expresses self-motivating statements, and the therapist responds with empathic understanding and reflective listening, helping the client explore his or her own values and motivations for change.

A) True
B) False

Question 43

Like Freud, Carl Rogers believed that psychological problems were the result of repressed, unconscious conflicts and wishes.

A) True
B) False

Question 44

Transference is said to be occurring when the patient unconsciously responds to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life, usually a parent.

A) True
B) False

Question 45

Because he thought that the word patient implied that the person entering therapy was sick and needed to be cured by an authority figure, Carl Rogers preferred to use the word client to refer to the person seeking therapy.

A) True
B) False

Question 46

Rather than interpreting the client's thoughts and behaviors, the client-centered therapist tries to create a warm, accepting climate that allows the client the freedom to explore troubling feelings and thoughts.

A) True
B) False

Question 47

When Pilar said that her husband didn't love her anymore, her therapist, Dr. Wilkerson, said, "You feel that your husband no longer loves you?" and then sat quietly without saying anything more. Dr. Wilkerson is probably a behavior therapist.

A) True
B) False

Question 48

To help promote self-directed change in the client, a client-centered therapist strives to display genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

A) True
B) False

Question 49

Although they are of historical interest, Freud's techniques and assumptions are no longer influential in contemporary psychotherapy and research.

A) True
B) False

Question 50

Usually lasting only a session or two, motivational interviewing is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

A) True
B) False

Question 51

Rather than focusing on relationships in the past or in early childhood, interpersonal therapy emphasizes current relationships and social interactions.

A) True
B) False

Question 52

Client-centered therapy is a type of short-term dynamic therapy.

A) True
B) False

Question 53

Most of Sigmund Freud's patients completed psychoanalysis in as short a time as six months as long as they had four or more sessions per week.

A) True
B) False

Question 54

In contrast to a therapist practicing traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist in short-term dynamic therapy tends to take a more active and direct role in therapy sessions.

A) True
B) False

Question 55

Free association, transference, and dream interpretation are three techniques that are central to both cognitive therapy and client-centered therapy.

A) True
B) False

Question 56

Carl Rogers believed that it was essential for the therapist to actively direct the client so that psychotherapy sessions were productive and focused on the goals that the therapist set for the client.

A) True
B) False

Question 57

Freud's technique of transference involves the therapist actively challenging the patient's irrational beliefs.

A) True
B) False

Question 58

Luke's therapist asks him to relax, close his eyes, and say whatever comes into his mind. His therapist is using one of the main techniques of rational-emotive therapy.

A) True
B) False

Question 59

In traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist strives to remain as neutral as possible to produce "optimal frustration" in the patient so that the patient transfers and projects unresolved conflicts onto the psychoanalyst.

A) True
B) False

Question 60

According to Carl Rogers, change occurs in psychotherapy when the person's self-concept becomes less distorted in the therapeutic atmosphere of unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding.

A) True
B) False

Question 61

South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe developed rational-emotive therapy in the 1950s. Rational-emotive therapy involves learning a new conditioned response (relaxation) that is incompatible with or inhibits the old conditioned response (fear and anxiety).

A) True
B) False

Question 62

In general, behavior therapy focuses on helping the client develop insight and understanding about the historical causes of maladaptive behaviors or feelings.

A) True
B) False

Question 63

During systematic desensitization, tokens or points are awarded to the patient as positive reinforcers for desirable behaviors and withheld or taken away from the patient for undesirable behaviors.

A) True
B) False

Question 64

Several research studies have demonstrated that virtual reality therapy is an effective treatment for many common phobias.

A) True
B) False

Question 65

The main goal of contingency management is to encourage and strengthen the client's self-motivating statements, or "change talk," which are expressions of the client's need, desire, and reasons for change.

A) True
B) False

Question 66

Virtual reality therapy uses computer-generated images of spiders, enclosed places, heights, and flying to help people overcome their fear of these objects or situations.

A) True
B) False

Question 67

The primary goal of systematic desensitization is to help clients recognize and challenge their own irrational thoughts and beliefs.

A) True
B) False

Question 68

To treat a three-year-old named Peter who was fearful of a tame rabbit, Mary Cover Jones gradually conditioned a positive response that was incompatible with Peter's negative response of fear.

A) True
B) False

Question 69

Most behavior therapists believe that achieving insight into the fundamental causes of problem behaviors is a necessary first step in changing those maladaptive behaviors to healthier patterns of behavior.

A) True
B) False

Question 70

Mary Cover Jones developed the therapy technique called systematic desensitization, which is an application of operant conditioning.

A) True
B) False

Question 71

The central goal for most behavior therapists is to modify specific problem behaviors, not overhaul the entire personality.

A) True
B) False

Question 72

Along with other techniques, Mary Cover Jones used observational learning and modeling to help a three -year-old boy named Peter overcome his fear of rabbits.

A) True
B) False

Question 73

Motivational interviewing is one of the most popular short-term psychodynamic therapies in use today.

A) True
B) False

Question 74

Virtual reality therapy is a form of exposure therapy in which watching realistic videos of frightening scenes over and over again eventually extinguishes the fear response in phobic individuals.

A) True
B) False

Question 75

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning principles that is used to treat phobias and other anxiety disorders.

A) True
B) False

Question 76

Mary Cover Jones was the first female psychoanalytic therapist.

A) True
B) False

Question 77

Virtual reality refers to the intensely realistic hallucinations that are sometimes experienced during an episode of schizophrenia.

A) True
B) False

Question 78

The process of systematic desensitization involves pairing deep relaxation with imagining a progression of specific anxiety-provoking scenes.

A) True
B) False

Question 79

Although virtual reality therapy is an interesting attempt to use computer technology in psychotherapy, research has shown that it is not very effective in helping people overcome anxiety, phobias, or posttraumatic stress disorder.

A) True
B) False

Question 80

Motivational interviewing uses client-centered techniques to help the client explore his or her own values, motivation, and commitment to change.

A) True
B) False