Deck 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies

Question 1

A field research study conducted by nurses is called _________________.

A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The understanding of a social environment from an outsider position is called __________. This is the perspective created in the researcher's analysis, products of interpretations of meaning, theoretical and analytic explanations, and understandings of symbols as mediated through the researcher.

A) thick description
B) subjective soaking
C) emic view
D) etic view

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When subjects know they are in a research study and alter their usual or routine behavior to react to the presence of the researcher, this is called _________________.

A) a research bargain
B) subjective research
C) Hawthorne effect
D) an overly simplified question

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When should field notes be recorded?

A) Before an encounter with a subject
B) During an excursion into the field
C) During a chance meeting with a research subject
D) Immediately following any contact with subjects

Question 5

The worldview of the native inhabitants of a particular social environment, or insiders, is called ______________.

A) thick description
B) subjective soaking
C) emic view
D) etic view

Question 6

When researchers take care not to impose their own views or take any stands on social or political issues, but to study the world as an external investigator, this is called ___________________.

A) value-neutral position
B) reflectivity
C) positivism
D) critical perspective

Question 7

When a researcher's presence or behaviors in a research setting trigger conflict, violence, or hostility from others in a setting, this is called _________________.

A) situational risk
B) ethnographic danger
C) ambient risk
D) unnecessary risk

Question 8

A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.

A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography

Question 9

Conducting a study and analysis of some local or indigenous people's viewpoints, beliefs, and practices about nursing care behavior and processes as mediated by cultures is called ______.

A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research

Question 10

A research endeavor that focuses on particular incisions at particular points in the larger setting, group, or institution that are thought to represent salient elements in the lives of participants and in turn, in the life of the larger group or institution is called ___________.

A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research

Question 11

A research project that attempts to describe the entire way of life of a group with a focus on face-to-face interactions of members of the group or institution under investigation is called ________.

A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research

Question 12

Field research on the cultural dimensions of organizations is called ____________.

A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography

Question 13

When a researcher records sufficient detail that the reader can distinguish a wink from a twitch and a parody of a wink is distinguishable from an actual wink in order to discover the meanings behind the acts, it is called ___________.

A) thick description
B) subjective soaking
C) emic view
D) etic view

Question 14

An immersion technique that is extremely efficient at studying illicit drug use and users is called ___________.

A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography

Question 15

When a researcher exposes himself or herself to otherwise avoidable dangers simply by having to be in a dangerous setting or circumstance to carry out research, this is called _______________.

A) situational risk
B) ethnographic danger
C) ambient risk
D) unnecessary risk

Question 16

A change in the definition of ethnography to include a set of highly formal techniques designed to extract cognitive data is called _________________.

A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research

Question 17

A researcher who enters a setting for study because it is available and convenient to study is exhibiting _____________.

A) subjective motivation
B) external motivation
C) critical ethnography
D) positivism

Question 18

A person indigenous to the group and setting being studied who is convinced that the study is worthwhile and meaningful to group, and that no harm will fall upon the group, and then extends his or her credibility among the group to the researcher is a(n) ___________.

A) gatekeeper
B) guide
C) informant
D) bargainer

Question 19

When a researcher abandons the idea of absolute objectivity or scientific neutrality and attempts to merge himself or herself into the culture being studied, it is called ____________.

A) thick description
B) subjective soaking
C) emic view
D) etic view

Question 20

A person who is in a position to grant or deny access to the research scenario by making the researcher's goals very easy, or very difficult or impossible, is called a(n) ___________.

A) gatekeeper
B) guide
C) informant
D) bargainer

Question 21

Explain researcher concerns during the "getting in" phase of research.

Question 22

What are subjective versus external motivating factors for research?

Question 23

Explain the four steps to learning what to watch and listen for when conducting ethnography.

Question 24

Explain the four distinct elements that go into creating full and detailed field notes:

Question 25

Which is NOT an element that field notes should consistently contain?

A) Date and time the ethnographer entered and exited the field
B) An exhaustive list of every person encountered in the field
C) A brief, descriptive topic level that captures the essence of the session
D) A page number

Question 26

What are the dangers of a researcher becoming invisible in a setting?

Question 27

Using computer technology such as the Web, and programs to incorporate audio, visual, and written documentation of field events into one account with links among data, analysis, and interpretative and supportive texts is called ______________.

A) ethnographic record
B) macroethnography
C) online ethnography
D) hypermedia ethnography

Question 28

There are six ways that a researcher can strive for invisibility, or to see what's going on without being observed and hence, capture the essence of a situation. Describe how each method works.

Question 29

Why do social scientists recognize that research is seldom value-neutral? When is it important for the researcher to stop being value-neutral?

Question 30

A description that reveals aspects of a research subject by comparing it to other subjects in order to help the researcher see things a different way is called _________________.

A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination

Question 31

What are the three categories of field notes and what do they include?

Question 32

Why is reflectivity important to ethnography?

Question 33

Brief reminder notes that are written down and used later to jog the researcher's memory are called ___________.

A) mental notes
B) jotted notes
C) complete notes
D) analytic notes

Question 34

A systematic method for classifying similar events, actions, objects, people, or places into discrete groupings is called _____________.

A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination

Question 35

A procedure that allows a researcher to make assessments about the degree of affinity or disdain that members of a group have toward one another is called ______________.

A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination

Question 36

Explain the state of mind a researcher should take when beginning an ethnographic study.

Question 37

How can a researcher record more exactly the events that occur during a field session?

Question 38

Exploring online social worlds such as multiplayer games, wikis, blogs, and discussion boards among other social media through observations between networks is called ______________.

A) ethnographic record
B) macroethnography
C) online ethnography
D) hypermedia ethnography

Question 39

Explain the term critical ethnography, and how it overlaps with, yet diverges from, conventional ethnography.