Deck 2: Diversity in Organizations

Question 1

Differences in characteristics like education, ethnicity, regional background, and gender form part of ________.

A) individual-level diversity
B) organizational-level diversity
C) lateral-level diversity
D) surface-level diversity
E) deep-level diversity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Diane and Clarke are two employees in an organization who recently started working together. Diane is an older, long-tenured woman raised in rural Kansas, who achieved her current level in the organization by starting as a high school graduate and working her way up the hierarchy. Clarke is a young, recently hired male college graduate with a business degree, raised in a Spanish-speaking neighbourhood in Miami. However, both are deeply committed to their families, share a common way of thinking about important work problems, like to work collaboratively, and are interested in international assignments in the future. Which of the following describes the diversity between these two?

A) lateral-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) surface-level diversity
D) individual-level diversity
E) hierarchical-level diversity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Differences in characteristics like education, financial status, ethnicity, regional background, and gender constitute surface-level diversity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

________ is defined as the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.

A) Race
B) Diversity
C) Culture
D) Civilization
E) Ethnography

Question 5

Alton, a mid-level manager for Knockaround Clothing in charge of monthly inventory, often participates in quarterly meetings of the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Alton's supervisors' allowing him flex time to attend these meetings embraces Alton's ________.

A) religion
B) cultural identity
C) abilities
D) ethnicity
E) tenure

Question 6

The manner in which people carry themselves in terms of race and ethnicity is commonly referred to as ________.

A) heritage
B) ethnic background
C) cultural identity
D) regionalistic customs
E) collective individuality

Question 7

The two major forms of workforce diversity are ________ and ________.

A) surface-level diversity; deep-level diversity
B) surface-level diversity; lateral-level diversity
C) organizational-level diversity; individual-level diversity
D) lateral-level diversity; deep-level diversity
E) physical-level diversity; intellectual-level diversity

Question 8

In a recent study of 8,000 employees across 128 companies, it was found that ________.

A) employees over the age of 50 were more productive than those under 50
B) employees under 50 were more productive than those over 50
C) policies allowing age discrimination encouraged lower levels of organizational commitment
D) policies allowing age discrimination encouraged higher levels of organizational commitment
E) age has no effect on performance or commitment

Question 9

Which of the following statements represents findings from studies of the age-turnover relationship?

A) The older you get, the less likely you are to be satisfied with your job.
B) The older you get, the less likely you are to quit your job.
C) The older you get, the more likely you are to equip yourself with new skills.
D) The older you get, the more likely you are to take a leave of absence.
E) The older you get, the less likely you are to be productive on the job.

Question 10

By projections, 93 percent of the growth in the labour force from 2006 to 2016 in Canada will be from workers ________.

A) under age 25
B) under age 30
C) over age 40
D) over age 54
E) over age 65

Question 11

Explain and provide a workplace example of how stereotypes function in an organizational setting.

Question 12

While initial meetings may depend on surface-level diversity in making attempts to understand other individuals, studies show that after time ________ and ________ become more important to understanding the other individual.

A) stereotypes; assumptions
B) assumptions; judgments
C) values; personality
D) age; wisdom
E) gender; age

Question 13

Steve and Dave are two unmarried, white, male college graduates from Ontario who recently started working together. However, Steve is highly introverted, prefers to avoid risks, solicits the opinions of others before making decisions, and likes the office quiet. Dave is extroverted, risk-seeking, and assertive, and likes an active, energetic work environment. Which of the following describes the diversity between these two?

A) lateral-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) surface-level diversity
D) individual-level diversity
E) hierarchical-level diversity

Question 14

Summarize the two major forms of workforce diversity.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface-level diversity?

A) Surface-level diversity will overcome fundamental differences and promote harmony.
B) Surface-level diversity can co-exist with deep-level diversity within an organization.
C) Surface-level diversity does not affect employees' perceptions.
D) Surface-level diversity, not thoughts and feelings, is mostly reflected in demographics.
E) Surface-level diversity in the workforce can be eliminated by effective diversity management.

Question 16

Demographics mostly reflect surface-level diversity and not deep-level diversity.

Question 17

Differences in characteristics such as personality and values form part of ________.

A) surface-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) lateral-level diversity
D) organizational-level diversity
E) individual-level diversity

Question 18

________ is the additional set of cultural characteristics which often overlaps with race.

A) Ethnicity
B) Civilization
C) Diversity
D) Anthropology
E) Acculturation

Question 19

Statistics Canada data from 2011 showed that the gender wage gap was ________ for full-time workers.

A) 46 percent
B) 36 percent
C) 26 percent
D) 16 percent
E) 6 percent

Question 20

Jared was raised on a cattle farm and currently works as a civil engineer. When Jared recently represented his company at a formal dinner, his supervisor was surprised to see Jared wearing an expensive suit with cowboy boots. Jared's boots would be an example of his ________.

A) religion
B) cultural identity
C) abilities
D) ethnicity
E) tenure

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of important differences between men and women affecting job performance?

A) There are no consistent male-female differences in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
B) Research suggests that women believe sex-based discriminations are less prevalent than do male employees.
C) Psychological studies have found women are more agreeable and willing to conform to authority.
D) Working mothers are more likely than their counterparts to prefer part-time work, flexible work schedules, and telecommuting in order to accommodate their family responsibilities.
E) After rethinking what constitutes male and female roles, we can safely assume no significant difference in job productivity between men and women.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of employment statistics for Canadians?

A) The unemployment rate for Aboriginal people is higher than that for other Canadians.
B) When employed, Aboriginal people tend to earn less than other Canadians.
C) The unemployment rate for new immigrants is higher than that for Canadian-born workers in Ontario.
D) Recent arrivals who were African-born experienced higher unemployment rates than do domestic-born workers.
E) Recent arrivals who were Asian-born experienced lower unemployment rates than do domestic-born workers.

Question 23

Which of the following biological characteristics is a potent variable in explaining turnover?

A) age
B) religion
C) gender identity
D) sexual orientation
E) race

Question 24

The Canadian Multiculturalism Act introduced some changes to multiculturalism policies, including all of the following except ________.

A) formal statements of support for the maintenance of languages other than Canada's two official languages
B) mandating programs and practices that enhance community participation for all citizens
C) mandating programs and practices that enhance understanding and respect for diversity
D) requiring the collection of statistical data measuring the outcomes of these initiatives
E) mandating programs and practices that enhance intellectual protection

Question 25

Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management means also working to eliminate ________.

A) surface-level diversity
B) unfair discrimination
C) ethnic diversity
D) irrelevant biographical characteristics
E) discrepancies in employee performance

Question 26

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Human Rights Act prohibit employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of their religion.

Question 27

Which of the following is not an example of common accommodations for mental, sensory, and psychiatric disabilities?

A) software such as voice recognition
B) scheduling flexibility
C) darkened rooms
D) being able to work in a quiet, private workspace without distractions for people with attention deficit disorder
E) social accommodation such as creating understanding among coworkers about communication-style differences associated with autism

Question 28

Which of the following is not an example of common accommodations for physical disabilities?

A) fixed work schedule
B) technical devices such as Braille readers
C) software such as voice recognition
D) human support in the form of personal assistants
E) special parking spaces

Question 29

Research findings show that men and women may be offered a similar number of developmental experiences, but females are less likely to be assigned challenging positions by men.

Question 30

Which of the following options does not suggest that diversity experiences are more likely to lead to positive adaptation for all parties?

A) if the positive experience of stereotype undermining is repeated frequently
B) if the perceiver engages in stereotype suppression and generative thought in response to the diversity experience
C) if the perceiver is perceived to be stereotypical and if his message is undermined by the audience
D) if the diversity experience undermines stereotypical attitudes
E) if the perceiver is motivated and able to consider a new perspective on others

Question 31

Federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of research findings on the impact of disabilities on employment outcomes?

A) When disability status is randomly assigned to hypothetical candidates, disabled individuals are rated as having superior personal qualities like dependability and potency.
B) Despite higher performance ratings, individuals with disabilities tend to encounter lower performance expectations and are less likely to be hired.
C) The recognition of the talents and abilities of disabled individuals has actually reduced workplace diversity.
D) People with disabilities are much more likely to be stereotyped in ways that negatively impact long-term employment prospects.
E) Workers with psychiatric disabilities in particular experience very high levels of discrimination and are often stereotyped as unpredictable and violent.

Question 33

The case of Alberta Dairy Pool versus the Alberta Human Rights Commission (1990, 2.S.C.R. 489) established a set of criteria for undue hardship used to determine if an employer is required to provide a specific accommodation, which include all of the following except ________.

A) the employer has a very large operation
B) excessive expenses will be incurred
C) it will disrupt existing collective agreements
D) it will create morale problems with other employees
E) the employer has legitimate safety concerns

Question 34

All of the following describe the benefits of effective diversity management except ________.

A) increasing an organization's access to the widest possible pool of skills, abilities, and ideas
B) helping an organization innovate more effectively
C) helping an organization reduce its operation costs
D) helping an organization address diverse customer needs more appropriately
E) allowing an organization to recognize and capitalize on employee differences

Question 35

Research shows which form of discrimination can result in the highest levels of psychological stress?

A) intimidation
B) exclusive practices
C) sexual harassment
D) mockery
E) age discrimination

Question 36

Which of the following describes the main goal of the multiculturalism policy of Canada?

A) It ensures that all citizens maintain their identities, acknowledge and celebrate their ancestry.
B) It ensures that all citizens get the equal pay for equal work.
C) It ensures that all citizens can refuse to work in an unsafe work environment.
D) It ensures that all citizens have freedom of speech.
E) It ensures that all citizens have freedom of conscience and religion.

Question 37

Women who succeed in traditionally male dominated roles are usually perceived as ________.

A) more likeable
B) less hostile
C) more sociable
D) less desirable
E) more capable

Question 38

All of the following represent the critiques against Canadian multiculturalism legislation except ________.

A) encouraging people to focus on their differences rather than their similarities
B) making a shallow commitment to multiculturalism
C) discouraging people to maintain their own ethnical identities
D) not backed up with the resources necessarily to genuinely foster cultural maintenance
E) failing to address underlying systemic barriers to true cross-cultural acceptance and inclusion

Question 39

Which of the following situations would not be considered a faith-based employment issue?

A) Monday-to-Friday workweek
B) leaving early on Christmas Eve
C) wearing of a Hijab in the office
D) refusing to work on Saturday
E) refusing to work the night shift

Question 40

Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of the relationship between age and productivity?

A) Employee productivity declines with age.
B) Employee productivity increases with age.
C) Employee productivity and age are unrelated.
D) Employee productivity increases to the maximum at age 30.
E) Employee productivity increases to the maximum at age 65.

Question 41

The act of discriminating can be positively utilized in the manner of ________.

A) firing incapable employees
B) designing effective compensation plans
C) providing effective training programs
D) hiring appropriate candidates
E) improving employee performance

Question 42

Discuss how intellectual abilities are relevant to organizational behaviour.

Question 43

Identify and explain any TWO of the biological characteristics in which employees differ and explain any two characteristics' effect on organizational behaviour in Canada.

Question 44

The phrase ________ can refer to any characteristic that makes people different from one another.

A) lateral diversity
B) individual diversity
C) organic diversity
D) workplace diversity
E) deep-level diversity

Question 45

Discuss whether diversity helps or hinders a group.

Question 46

Saad, an Arab-American employee, has been asked if he is a terrorist. Which of the following terms accurately explains the type of discrimination he has been subjected to?

A) exclusion
B) inclusion
C) intimidation
D) mockery
E) sexual harassment

Question 47

________ can be defined as overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.

A) Exclusion
B) Inclusion
C) Intimidation
D) Mockery
E) Sexual harassment

Question 48

Carol is over 55 years of age and is targeted for layoff because she is highly paid and has lucrative benefits. Which of the following terms explains what she has been subjected to?

A) recessionary practice
B) mockery and insult
C) discriminatory practice
D) exclusion
E) incivility

Question 49

________ is needed to perform mental activities-thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.

A) Dynamic flexibility
B) Extent flexibility
C) Static strength
D) Dynamic strength
E) Intellectual ability

Question 50

Younger workers are more likely than older workers to quit their job.

Question 51

A female lawyer noted that male attorneys frequently cut her off or do not adequately address her comments. Which of the following terms explains what she has been subjected to?

A) exclusion
B) inclusion
C) intimidation
D) mockery
E) incivility

Question 52

Although discrimination has come under great legal and public scrutiny over the past years, still thousands of cases of discrimination occur every year. Which action would not be considered a form of discrimination?

A) exclusion
B) conflict
C) incivility
D) intimidation
E) All are forms of discrimination.

Question 53

The Tent Prine Inc. wishes to enhance its workforce diversity by targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce. If it wants to maximize its results, which of the following options should it not resort to?

A) recruit at colleges, universities, and other institutions with significant numbers of underrepresented minorities
B) place advertisements in publications geared toward specific demographic groups
C) form partnerships with associations like the Society for Women Engineers
D) enter into a contractual agreement to hire from the Graduate Minority Business Association
E) rely on word of mouth marketing from its employees and resort to an e-mail campaign

Question 54

Research shows the positive correlation between employees' age and absenteeism.

Question 55

Hiring managers should automatically preclude a candidate with a disability if they appear to be unable to do the job.

Question 56

Explain how the biological characteristics of sexual orientation and gender identity affect organizational behaviour in Canada.

Question 57

Recently, Thadius announced that he and his partner Ryan were planning to marry. Since this time, Thadius has no longer been invited to lunch with the members of his team and was not asked to play in the inter-departmental softball league this year. Thadius is experiencing which form of discrimination?

A) sexual harassment
B) intimidation
C) insult
D) exclusion
E) incivility

Question 58

________ can be defined as unwanted sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create a hostile or offensive work environment.

A) Exclusion
B) Inclusion
C) Intimidation
D) Mockery
E) Sexual harassment

Question 59

________ is an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

A) Inductive reasoning
B) Dynamic strength
C) Deductive reasoning
D) Ability
E) Social intelligence

Question 60

All forms of unfair discrimination can be observed and rooted out in an organizational setup.

Question 61

Edwin is a plant manager and is adept in framing corporate policies for hiring and training. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does his skill reflect?

A) spatial visualization
B) deductive reasoning
C) inductive reasoning
D) verbal comprehension
E) perceptual speed

Question 62

Which of the following is not a part of the seven most frequently cited dimensions comprising intellectual abilities?

A) verbal comprehension
B) spatial visualization
C) balance
D) number aptitude
E) perceptual speed

Question 63

________ is the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of acts.

A) Trunk strength
B) Extent flexibility
C) Explosive strength
D) Static strength
E) Dynamic flexibility

Question 64

Hiba leads a team of interior decorators. Her job requires her to visualize various positions of objects in space. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) spatial visualization
B) memory
C) deductive reasoning
D) perceptual speed
E) inductive reasoning

Question 65

________ is the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time.

A) Trunk strength
B) Dynamic strength
C) Explosive strength
D) Static strength
E) Body coordination

Question 66

________ is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.

A) Verbal comprehension
B) Perceptual speed
C) Inductive reasoning
D) Spatial visualization
E) Deductive reasoning

Question 67

________ is the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately.

A) Memory
B) Verbal comprehension
C) Spatial visualization
D) Perceptual speed
E) Inductive reasoning

Question 68

Hassan is a server at a popular restaurant. He addresses all his customers by their first names. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) memory
B) inductive reasoning
C) deductive reasoning
D) spatial visualization
E) perceptual speed

Question 69

Hector is a chief consultant and has to choose between suggestions offered by members of his team. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) perceptual speed
B) verbal comprehension
C) deductive reasoning
D) memory
E) spatial visualization

Question 70

________ is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.

A) Cymographic visualization
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Spatial visualization
D) Perceptual speed
E) Inductive reasoning

Question 71

________ is the ability to use logic and assess the implications of an argument.

A) Verbal comprehension
B) Inductive reasoning
C) Deductive reasoning
D) Perceptual speed
E) Spatial visualization

Question 72

________ is the ability to exert force against external objects.

A) Static strength
B) Extent flexibility
C) Explosive strength
D) Dynamic strength
E) Trunk strength

Question 73

________ is the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible.

A) Dynamic strength
B) Static strength
C) Dynamic flexibility
D) Extent flexibility
E) Explosive strength

Question 74

Adrianna is a research analyst in the New York Stock Exchange. Her job requires her to forecast demand for various companies' stocks and shares for various time periods. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) verbal comprehension
B) memory
C) inductive reasoning
D) spatial visualization
E) perceptual speed

Question 75

________ is the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements.

A) Extent flexibility
B) Dynamic flexibility
C) Dynamic strength
D) Trunk strength
E) Explosive strength

Question 76

Aria can calculate and juggle numbers in her head. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does her skill reflect?

A) number aptitude
B) perceptual speed
C) spatial visualization
D) deductive reasoning
E) inductive reasoning

Question 77

Which of the following is not a part of the nine basic physical abilities identified by research to be needed in the performance of physical tasks?

A) dynamic strength
B) stamina
C) balance
D) perceptual speed
E) extent flexibility

Question 78

Which of the following statements is not true about the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test?

A) Most of the companies using the Wonderlic stop using other hiring tools, such as application forms or interviews.
B) It measures both speed and power, so the average score is pretty low-about 21/50.
C) It is able to provide valid information cheaply (for $5 to $10/applicant).
D) It has different forms and each has 50 questions.
E) More companies are using the Wonderlic in hiring decisions.

Question 79

________ is the ability to direct the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body.

A) Stamina
B) Body coordination
C) Balance
D) Dynamic flexibility
E) Extent flexibility

Question 80

________, the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions, takes only 12 minutes to complete.

A) Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT)
B) Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT)
C) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Assessment
D) Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB-II)
E) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test