Deck 25: Digestion and Human Nutrition

Question 1

Scientific testing has not been performed on many herbal supplements.

Answer 1

TRU E
Explanation: Herbal supplements are not considered medicine and so are not regulated by the FDA and are not required to be tested for their safety or efficacy.

Question 2

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

A) trans fat - margarine
B) saturated fat - beef
C) unsaturated fat - olive oil
D) saturated fat - coldwater fish
E) unsaturated fat - canola oil

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Fats are classified as saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats. Trans fats are unsaturated fats modified through a chemical process, and used as food additives. Less healthy saturated fats are typically found in animal sources, while more healthy unsaturated fats are typically found in plant sources. Coldwater, oily fish are one of the healthy animal sources of fats.

Question 3

Fiber is important in the diet in

A) providing glucose for cells.
B) stimulating movements of the large intestine.
C) assisting in fat digestion in the small intestine.
D) aiding absorption of fats in the small intestine.
E) providing essential amino acids.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Fiber is an indigestible component of plant foods. It is important for normal movement of food through the large intestine.

Question 4

If a person increases his food intake without increasing his energy need for metabolic functions or processing, what will he need to do in order to maintain his weight?

A) decrease physical activity
B) increase physical activity
C) consume additional vitamins
D) drink additional water
E) drink less water

Question 5

Dietary supplements

A) are always safe because they are natural.
B) can be harmful.
C) can accumulate to toxic levels.
D) can be harmful and accumulate to toxic levels.
E) are regulated by the federal government.

Question 6

Which of the following is not part of a plan to maintain a healthy weight?

A) physical activity
B) a kilocalorie output equal to the kilocalorie input
C) appropriate intake of vitamins and minerals
D) moderate intake of fats
E) a kilocalorie output less than the kilocalorie input

Question 7

Essential amino acids are obtained only from animal proteins.

Question 8

The best definition of a nutrient is

A) any food taken into the body.
B) a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.
C) a food component which can be stored in the body for future energy needs.
D) an essential vitamin or mineral.
E) a food component which enhances one's health.

Question 9

Regulation of metabolic activities typically involves

A) cholesterol.
B) water.
C) vitamins.
D) glucose.
E) glycogen.

Question 10

If egg yolks are a source of cholesterol, why doesn't eating a few eggs a week raise blood cholesterol?

A) Cholesterol from eggs does not affect HDL-cholesterol levels.
B) The impact on LDL-cholesterol levels is greater from dietary saturated and trans fats than from cholesterol.
C) Cholesterol from eggs naturally lowers LDL-cholesterol levels.
D) The human body produces more cholesterol than is in the two eggs.
E) Cholesterol from eggs naturally raises LDL-cholesterol levels.

Question 11

Which of the following minerals is typically overconsumed by Americans?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) iron
D) cholesterol
E) calcium

Question 12

In type 2 diabetes, cells become resistant to insulin because of

A) reduced levels of glucose.
B) chronically reduced levels of insulin.
C) chronically high levels of insulin.
D) chronically high levels of glycogen.
E) chronically reduced levels of glycogen.

Question 13

Adult females need more iron in their diet than males because females

A) require more red blood cells.
B) require more iron to maintain eggs.
C) lose hemoglobin during menstruation.
D) are not as efficient in manufacturing hemoglobin.
E) are not as efficient in manufacturing red blood cells.

Question 14

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

A) the body is not able to produce.
B) the body is able to produce so no food source is needed.
C) are needed in very low quantities.
D) cannot be found within food sources.
E) make up a large proportion of the body.

Question 15

Micronutrients

A) supply the body's energy needs.
B) are needed in large quantities.
C) include lipids and proteins.
D) include vitamins and minerals.
E) include carbohydrates.

Question 16

Foods derived from animals typically contain _____, while foods derived from plants typically contain _____.

A) saturated fats; unsaturated fats
B) trans fats; saturated fats
C) unsaturated fats; saturated fats
D) saturated fats; trans fats
E) unsaturated fats; trans fats

Question 17

Trans fats are

A) found naturally in all animals.
B) found naturally in all plants.
C) produced by hydrogenating unsaturated oils.
D) produced by hydrogenating saturated fats and unsaturated oils together.
E) produced by hydrogenating polysaturated fats.

Question 18

Energy needs are supplied by

A) carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
B) micronutrients.
C) antioxidants.
D) fiber.
E) essential amino acids.

Question 19

Fiber is a type of _____ provided by _____.

A) fat; animals
B) carbohydrate; plants
C) protein; plants
D) carbohydrate; animals
E) protein; animals

Question 20

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to

A) maltose, the molecule stored for future energy needs.
B) fructose, the molecule stored for future energy needs.
C) glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.
D) glycogen, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.
E) glucose, the molecule stored for future energy needs.

Question 21

Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Question 22

The USDA recommends which type of food should compose the smallest percentage of our diet?

A) fruits and vegetables
B) fats and oils
C) meat, eggs, and nuts
D) breads and cereals
E) dairy products

Question 23

Which of the following substances is not correctly matched with its caloric value?

A) carbohydrate - 4 kcal/gram
B) fat - 4 kcal/gram
C) water - 0 kcal/gram
D) protein - 4 kcal/gram
E) fiber - 0 kcal/gram

Question 24

Which of the following correctly ranks the following food groups in order from most to least amount to be consumed each day?

A) grains, fruits, meats, oils
B) fruits, grains, meats, oils
C) grains, oils, meats, fruits
D) oils, meats, grains, fruits
E) meats, oils, grains, fruits

Question 25

Which of the following foods is considered an empty-calorie food?

A) potato chips
B) broccoli
C) sweet potatoes
D) salmon
E) whole-grain pasta

Question 26

Which of the following minerals is incorrectly matched with its function in the body?

A) potassium - nerve conduction
B) sulfur - part of some amino acids and vitamins
C) iron - bone growth
D) sodium - water balance
E) copper - iron metabolism

Question 27

Which food choice below offers the healthiest fat for your heart?

A) oily fish
B) red meat
C) whole milk
D) cheese
E) shrimp and lobster

Question 28

Eating disorders

A) are caused primarily by biological factors.
B) occur only in woman.
C) are caused by a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors.
D) always involve overeating.
E) rarely have serious consequences for one's health.

Question 29

Mark is 72 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. According to Mark's BMI, he is

A) at a healthy weight.
B) overweight.
C) moderately obese.
D) morbidly obese.
E) underweight.

Question 30

Mark is 72 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. His body mass index is

A) 24.4.
B) 20.0.
C) 29.8.
D) 33.2.
E) 35.4.

Question 31

Cholesterol can be synthesized by the body and is found in certain foods.

Question 32

The percent daily value on a Nutrition Facts label is based on an)

A) diet of 2,000 calories each day.
B) diet of 2,500 calories each day.
C) BMI of 22.
D) individual weighing 175 pounds.
E) individual weighting 120 pounds.

Question 33

A person's total daily intake of water must be obtained through drinking liquids.

Question 34

Stephen has a family history of diabetes type 2. He knows he should reduce the amount of sugars in his diet but is not sure how to go about it. What is some advice you might give him?

A) Most breakfast cereals are a good way to start the day.
B) Eat white bread instead of whole wheat.
C) Cooking with sugar is all right since it breaks down in the process of heating.
D) Avoid jams and jellies.
E) Use honey instead of spices like cinnamon to flavor your food.

Question 35

Carbohydrates

A) should not comprise a large amount of the diet.
B) are mostly found in animal sources of food.
C) are stored as starch by animals.
D) are converted to glucose for transport in the blood.
E) are stored for insulation and protection of organs.

Question 36

A serving of food contains 9g carbohydrate, 3g protein, and 5g fat. The total calories per serving of this food is

A) 73.
B) 83.
C) 93.
D) 103.

Question 37

When looking at a food label, in order to know how many calories you will ingest, it is important to know total number of calories and

A) serving size.
B) % daily value of protein.
C) number of grams of fat.
D) number of grams of fiber.
E) % daily value of sodium.

Question 38

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are similar in that both involve

A) a starvation diet.
B) a less-than-healthy body weight.
C) binging and purging.
D) a normal body weight.
E) an abnormal focus on muscle development.

Question 39

Which of the following is a healthy body mass index?

A) 20.3
B) 26.6
C) 29.2
D) 32.8
E) 41.5

Question 40

One serving of the food shown on this label contains _____ calories from protein.

A) 20
B) 5
C) 45
D) 15
E) 120

Question 41

Which eating disorder is characterized by a person thinking that his or her body is underdeveloped?

A) muscle dysmorphia
B) binge-eating disorder
C) bulimia nervosa
D) anorexia nervosa
E) type 2 diabetes

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?

A) storage of indigestible material
B) absorption of water
C) absorption of salts
D) absorption of vitamin K
E) absorption of amino acids

Question 43

If the stomach lining lacks mucus, it will result in

A) a bolus.
B) acid reflux.
C) heartburn.
D) an ulcer.
E) chyme.

Question 44

It is July and Julie was out playing softball all day. She had to leave the game early because she was not feeling well. What is most likely happening to Julie?

A) Her body is dehydrated and her core body temperature is increasing.
B) Her body is dehydrated and her core body temperature is decreasing.
C) Her body is fatigued from all of the exercise.
D) Her muscles are cramped up due to a lack of calcium.
E) Her aerobic conditioning was not strong enough to handle all of the exercise.

Question 45

Dietary supplements are safe to use due to the governmental testing they go through before they are approved for sale.

Question 46

During water toxication hyponatremia), which electrolytes can become out of balance?

A) sodium and potassium
B) sodium and calcium
C) calcium and potassium
D) iron and magnesium
E) zinc and iron

Question 47

Food in the digestive tract is called chyme after

A) the tongue mixes it with saliva.
B) the stomach processes it.
C) all nutrients have been absorbed by the small intestines.
D) elimination through the anus.
E) it is chewed by the teeth.

Question 48

Starch digestion begins in the _____ and protein digestion begins in the _____.

A) mouth; small intestine
B) stomach; small intestine
C) mouth; stomach
D) stomach; large intestine
E) small intestine; stomach

Question 49

Which food source is not rich in fiber?

A) chicken
B) beans
C) peas
D) nuts
E) fruits

Question 50

Which source of protein does not contain the nine essential amino acids?

A) nuts
B) eggs
C) milk
D) chicken
E) beef

Question 51

Ashley has been diagnosed with high blood pressure. Her doctor recommended that she try to lower the amount of sodium in her diet. What advice would you give her?

A) Eat canned soups; they are typically low in salt.
B) Cheese is a good source of protein and calcium, low in sodium.
C) Adding salt to vegetables while cooking is all right since most of the salt pours off when you drain them.
D) Use spices instead of salt to flavor food when cooking.
E) Hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meats are a good source of protein low in sodium.

Question 52

Which of the following is the least likely to contribute protein to the diet?

A) eggs
B) fish
C) dried beans
D) milk
E) vegetable oil

Question 53

Which of the following pieces of nutritional information is not listed on the nutritional label of a food package?

A) daily % of water available in the food
B) daily % of protein available in the food
C) daily % of fat available in the food
D) serving size
E) calories based upon serving size

Question 54

A diet high in fiber may contribute to a lower chance of heart disease because

A) fiber absorbs cholesterol.
B) fiber absorbs excess sugars in the bloodstream.
C) fiber is capable of breaking apart clots in the bloodstream.
D) fiber produces cholesterol.
E) fiber promotes fecal formation which contributes to movements of the large intestine.

Question 55

Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of

A) enzymes secreted in human saliva.
B) urine produced by humans.
C) human teeth.
D) human taste buds.
E) enzymes secreted in human intestines.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A) eliminate nitrogenous waste
B) eliminate dead bacteria
C) eliminate nondigestible food
D) eliminate bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin
E) absorb nutrients

Question 57

Which of the following is in the correct order for protein digestion?

A) pepsin - peptides - peptidase - amino acids
B) peptidase - peptides - pepsin - amino acids
C) peptidase - amino acids - pepsin - peptides
D) amino acids - peptidase - peptides - pepsin
E) peptides - pepsin - peptidase - amino acids

Question 58

What criteria is used to distinguish between an empty-calorie food and a junk food?

A) Empty-calorie foods have a high sugar-to-vitamin ratio.
B) Empty-calorie foods have a low sugar-to-vitamin ratio.
C) Empty-calorie foods have no calories in them at all.
D) Empty-calorie foods are made completely from artificial ingredients.
E) Junk foods have a higher vitamins-to-sugar ratio than empty-calorie foods.

Question 59

Which statement is correct about empty-calorie foods?

A) Empty-calorie foods have a high amount of fat in relation to the vitamin content.
B) Empty-calorie foods have a low amount of fat in relation to the vitamin content.
C) Empty-calorie foods have a high amount of protein in relation to the vitamin content.
D) Empty-calorie foods have a high amount of vitamins in them.
E) Empty-calorie foods have a high amount of fiber in them.

Question 60

Without villi, a person would not be able to

A) produce vitamin K.
B) absorb enough nutrients.
C) produce pepsin.
D) swallow food.
E) produce feces.

Question 61

The primary role in digestion of the structure indicated by "C" in the figure shown here is

A) the mixing of ingested food with digestive juices.
B) the production of saliva.
C) the absorption of water and formation of feces.
D) the majority of chemical digestion and absorption.
E) the production of digestion enzymes that are released into the small intestine.

Question 62

Fats are absorbed by the epithelial cells of villi in the intestinal tract and enter the capillary beds of the circulatory system.

Question 63

Digestion in humans and earthworms

A) is similar in that in both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract.
B) is different in that earthworms have a sac plan body plan and humans have a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C) is different in that digestion is an extracellular process in humans but an intracellular process in earthworms.
D) is similar in that in both organisms, digestion is an intracellular process, occurring in an incomplete digestive system.
E) is similar in that in both organisms, digestion occurs in a simple tract, in which all parts of the tract are similar.

Question 64

Ruminants have a stomach that enables them to digest cellulose.

Question 65

The digestion and absorption of fats differs from that of sugars and proteins in that

A) sugars and proteins must be emulsified before being digested.
B) fats are absorbed into lymphatic capillaries instead of blood capillaries.
C) sugars and proteins interact with bile salts in order for absorption to occur.
D) fats are digested primarily in the stomach.
E) fats do not require digestion before being absorbed.

Question 66

The longer digestive tract of herbivores is necessary to complete digestion of plant material.

Question 67

In the figure shown here, "A" is referring to the

A) liver.
B) stomach.
C) duodenum.
D) pancreas.
E) small intestine.

Question 68

Refer to the figure shown here. In structure "B,"

A) food particles are absorbed.
B) the contents are acidic.
C) there are digestive enzymes which were released by the pancreas.
D) food is processed into a soft mass called a bolus.
E) fats are emulsified by bile salts.

Question 69

Vanessa and her friends are having lunch together. Just as Vanessa takes a drink of her chocolate milk, one of her friends tells a joke. Laughing, Vanessa has some of her milk come out of her nose. What is the explanation for this unusual event?

A) The laughter interfered with the movement of the soft palate so it did not shut off the nasal cavity.
B) The laughter interfered with the movement of the epiglottis so it did not shut off the nasal cavity.
C) The laughter interfered with the movement of the epiglottis so it did not shut off the trachea.
D) Vanessa has something wrong with the structure of her pharynx which allowed the milk to come out her nose.
E) The laughter interfered with the movement of the soft palate so it did not shut off the trachea.

Question 70

Which of the following incorrectly pairs the enzyme and the molecule on which it acts?

A) salivary amylase - starch
B) pepsin - protein
C) maltase - starch
D) trypsin - protein
E) pancreatic amylase - starch

Question 71

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) produces plasma proteins such as fibrin and fibrinogen
B) detoxifies the blood by removing poisonous substances
C) produces insulin and glucagon
D) produces bile
E) produces urea from amino acids

Question 72

Alicia and Juan are hiking in the woods and come across the skull of an animal. The teeth are still in the skull. The front teeth, or incisors, are short but sharp. The canines are long and pointed. The back teeth, or molars and premolars, are jagged. Based on these teeth, the skull likely belonged to an)

A) carnivore.
B) omnivore.
C) herbivore.
D) human.
E) There is not enough information to answer.