Deck 9: Understanding Landscapes
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Deck 9: Understanding Landscapes
1
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?
A)Naturally occurring
B)Organic
C)Solid
D)Ordered internal structure
E)Relatively consistent chemical composition
A)Naturally occurring
B)Organic
C)Solid
D)Ordered internal structure
E)Relatively consistent chemical composition
B
2
A sulfide mineral that commonly forms cube-shaped crystals is
A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.
A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.
A
3
The difference between a rock and a mineral is that
A)rocks are inorganic but minerals are organic.
B)rocks can be of a wider variety of origins than minerals.
C)rocks are composed of minerals.
D)rocks are cycled over geologic time but minerals are not.
E)rocks are harder than minerals.
A)rocks are inorganic but minerals are organic.
B)rocks can be of a wider variety of origins than minerals.
C)rocks are composed of minerals.
D)rocks are cycled over geologic time but minerals are not.
E)rocks are harder than minerals.
C
4
Which of the following locations would contain a wide variety of sediment,from large angular blocks to fine rock powder,produced from grinding of the rocks? 
A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor
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5
Which of the following is not a mineral?
A)Liquid water
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Piece of wood
E)All of these are correct.
A)Liquid water
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Piece of wood
E)All of these are correct.
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6
A typically green mineral with no cleavage is
A)muscovite.
B)plagioclase feldspar.
C)biotite.
D)quartz.
E)olivine.
A)muscovite.
B)plagioclase feldspar.
C)biotite.
D)quartz.
E)olivine.
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7
The very common mineral shown in this photograph is commonly a pink- to cream-colored mineral with wavy,light-colored lines.What mineral is it? 
A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar

A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar
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8
A generally a light-colored silicate mineral is
A)quartz.
B)pyroxene.
C)amphibole.
D)biotite.
E)All of these are correct.
A)quartz.
B)pyroxene.
C)amphibole.
D)biotite.
E)All of these are correct.
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9
Which of the following locations would contain sand,rounded stones,and broken shells? 
A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor
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10
Which of the following locations would contain large,angular rocks that broke away from bedrock and moved downhill? 
A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor
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11
Which of the following is not composed of calcium carbonate?
A)Calcite
B)Pyrite
C)Marble
D)Shells
E)Limestone
A)Calcite
B)Pyrite
C)Marble
D)Shells
E)Limestone
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12
A mineral that is light colored,transparent,and fractures rather than cleaves is
A)garnet.
B)quartz.
C)biotite.
D)muscovite.
E)feldspar.
A)garnet.
B)quartz.
C)biotite.
D)muscovite.
E)feldspar.
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13
The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored,transparent,and fractures rather than cleaves.What mineral is it? 
A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar

A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar
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14
A commonly pinkish mineral with light-colored wavy lines is
A)quartz.
B)potassium feldspar.
C)pyroxene.
D)amphibole.
E)olivine.
A)quartz.
B)potassium feldspar.
C)pyroxene.
D)amphibole.
E)olivine.
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15
The very common carbonate mineral shown here that is a clear to light-gray color is 
A)calcite.
B)dolomite.
C)hematite.
D)magnetite.
E)pyrite.

A)calcite.
B)dolomite.
C)hematite.
D)magnetite.
E)pyrite.
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16
Which of the following locations would most likely contain large,angular rocks? 
A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Locations 1 and 2
E)Locations 2 and 3

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Locations 1 and 2
E)Locations 2 and 3
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17
Which of the following locations would contain mud and the remains of small creatures? 
A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor
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18
The mineral shown in this photograph is 
A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.

A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.
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19
The main type of rocks in the Peninsular Ranges of Southern California and Mexico is
A)volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano.
B)granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth.
C)flat-lying sedimentary rocks.
D)unconsolidated sand and gravel.
A)volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano.
B)granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth.
C)flat-lying sedimentary rocks.
D)unconsolidated sand and gravel.
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20
Which of the following is a mineral?
A)Ice
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Material with crystals of different chemical compounds
E)None of these are correct.
A)Ice
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Material with crystals of different chemical compounds
E)None of these are correct.
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21
Which of the following locations would most likely contain a high percentage of sand? 
A)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
B)Location 3,in sand dunes
C)Location 4,along a beach
D)Locations 2 and 3
E)Locations 3 and 4

A)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
B)Location 3,in sand dunes
C)Location 4,along a beach
D)Locations 2 and 3
E)Locations 3 and 4
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22
Uplift can occur during the rock cycle
A)only after deformation and metamorphism.
B)only after melting and solidification.
C)only after metamorphism or solidification.
D)at any point after burial.
A)only after deformation and metamorphism.
B)only after melting and solidification.
C)only after metamorphism or solidification.
D)at any point after burial.
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23
Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph? 
A)Steep mountain front
B)River channel
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach
E)Lake

A)Steep mountain front
B)River channel
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach
E)Lake
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24
Which of the following locations would form a metamorphic rock? 
A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6

A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6
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25
Which of the following is not a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms?
A)Solidification of lava
B)Heating adjacent to underground magma
C)Squeezing by tectonic forces
D)Burial to great depths
A)Solidification of lava
B)Heating adjacent to underground magma
C)Squeezing by tectonic forces
D)Burial to great depths
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26
The type of rock shown in this photograph is 
A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.
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27
Which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks?
A)Sedimentary
B)Igneous
C)Metamorphic
D)Meteorites
A)Sedimentary
B)Igneous
C)Metamorphic
D)Meteorites
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28
Which of the following is not an environment in which an igneous rock forms?
A)Explosive eruption of volcanic ash
B)Cooling and solidification of lava
C)Solidification of magma at depth
D)Intense squeezing from tectonic forces
E)All of these are environments that form igneous rock.
A)Explosive eruption of volcanic ash
B)Cooling and solidification of lava
C)Solidification of magma at depth
D)Intense squeezing from tectonic forces
E)All of these are environments that form igneous rock.
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29
Which of the following locations would form a hydrothermal rock? 
A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 2 and 3

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 2 and 3
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30
Which of the following locations would form an igneous rock? 
A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6

A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6
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31
The type of rock that the materials shown in this photograph would produce is 
A)sedimentary.
B)igneous.
C)metamorphic.
D)hydrothermal.

A)sedimentary.
B)igneous.
C)metamorphic.
D)hydrothermal.
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32
Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph? 
A)Steep mountain front
B)Glacier
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach

A)Steep mountain front
B)Glacier
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach
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33
Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is deposited but not eroded? 
A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
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34
The type of rock shown in this photograph is 
A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.
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35
Which of the following locations would have weathering of bedrock or loose sediment? 
A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 1 and 2

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 1 and 2
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36
Which of the following does not list processes in an order consistent with a logical progression through the rock cycle?
A)Weathering,erosion,deposition
B)Solidification,melting,burial
C)Erosion,deposition,burial
D)Uplift,weathering,erosion
E)Burial,metamorphism,melting
A)Weathering,erosion,deposition
B)Solidification,melting,burial
C)Erosion,deposition,burial
D)Uplift,weathering,erosion
E)Burial,metamorphism,melting
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37
Which of the following settings would result in the formation of igneous rocks? 
A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
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38
Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is transported? 
A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
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39
Which of the following is not a typical environment in which a sedimentary rock forms?
A)Beside glaciers
B)River channels
C)Heating next to a magma
D)Deep seafloor
E)Shoreline of a lake
A)Beside glaciers
B)River channels
C)Heating next to a magma
D)Deep seafloor
E)Shoreline of a lake
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40
According to the rock cycle,sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after
A)uplift and weathering.
B)melting and solidification.
C)deposition and burial.
D)solidification and uplift.
A)uplift and weathering.
B)melting and solidification.
C)deposition and burial.
D)solidification and uplift.
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41
What does this welded texture indicate about the formation of this rock? 
A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.
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42
Which of the following is not involved in turning some sediment into sedimentary rock?
A)Burial
B)Compaction
C)Cementation
D)Metamorphism
E)All of these are involved.
A)Burial
B)Compaction
C)Cementation
D)Metamorphism
E)All of these are involved.
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43
The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that has a welded texture is 
A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.
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44
The main difference between conglomerate and breccia is
A)the size of the clasts.
B)the shape of the clasts.
C)the sorting of the clasts.
D)the kind of cement.
E)All of these are correct.
A)the size of the clasts.
B)the shape of the clasts.
C)the sorting of the clasts.
D)the kind of cement.
E)All of these are correct.
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45
Which of the following rocks is composed of the smallest sedimentary clasts?
A)Breccia
B)Conglomerate
C)Shale
D)Sandstone
A)Breccia
B)Conglomerate
C)Shale
D)Sandstone
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46
What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph? 
A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.
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47
A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
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48
The natural sediments that hold clasts together precipitate in the empty pore spaces after compaction.Those precipitates come from
A)water containing dissolved materials.
B)outward growth of the original clasts.
C)the alignment of clay particles.
A)water containing dissolved materials.
B)outward growth of the original clasts.
C)the alignment of clay particles.
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49
What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock? 
A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.
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50
What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph? 
A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.
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51
What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph? 
A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.
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52
The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that is glassy with no volcanic ash is 
A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.
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53
The site on the figure below that would most likely form a rock with large crystals is 
A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.
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54
The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that has a nonwelded texture with many fine particles is 
A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.
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55
Which of the following is not a common type of cement in sedimentary rocks?
A)Calcite
B)Pyroxene
C)Silica
D)Iron-oxide minerals
A)Calcite
B)Pyroxene
C)Silica
D)Iron-oxide minerals
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56
The type of rock shown in this photograph is 
A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.
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57
The rock shown here,with sediment just visible to the naked eye,is a 
A)sandstone.
B)shale.
C)conglomerate.

A)sandstone.
B)shale.
C)conglomerate.
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58
What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock? 
A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.
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59
Which of the following statements is not true about clastic sedimentary rocks?
A)Clasts in a conglomerate or breccias can be different rock types or can be all the same rock type.
B)To be called a sandstone,quartz must make up more than 95 percent of the grains.
C)The amount of pore space decreases as a sand is compacted into sandstone.
D)The natural cement that holds sedimentary rocks together is composed of dissolved minerals that precipitate.
A)Clasts in a conglomerate or breccias can be different rock types or can be all the same rock type.
B)To be called a sandstone,quartz must make up more than 95 percent of the grains.
C)The amount of pore space decreases as a sand is compacted into sandstone.
D)The natural cement that holds sedimentary rocks together is composed of dissolved minerals that precipitate.
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60
The site on the figure below that would mostly likely form a rock that is fine grained (has small crystals but is not glassy)is 
A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.
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61
Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
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62
What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting? 
A)Regional metamorphism
B)Contact metamorphism
C)Subduction
D)Normal faulting

A)Regional metamorphism
B)Contact metamorphism
C)Subduction
D)Normal faulting
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63
A welded igneous texture indicates that
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
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Unlock for access to all 150 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
64
Which of the following is a common metamorphic process?
A)Deforming objects into new shapes
B)Rotation of minerals into a common orientation
C)Remobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands
D)Dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away
E)All of these are correct.
A)Deforming objects into new shapes
B)Rotation of minerals into a common orientation
C)Remobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands
D)Dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away
E)All of these are correct.
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65
A vesicular igneous texture indicates that
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
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Unlock Deck
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66
A volcanic breccia texture indicates that
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
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Unlock for access to all 150 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
67
Which of the following matches a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?
A)Sandstone - phyllite
B)Basalt - marble
C)Limestone - quartzite
D)Shale - slate
E)None of these are correct.
A)Sandstone - phyllite
B)Basalt - marble
C)Limestone - quartzite
D)Shale - slate
E)None of these are correct.
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68
Which of the following igneous rocks can be composed of fragments?
A)Tuff
B)Scoria
C)Volcanic breccia
D)All of these are correct.
A)Tuff
B)Scoria
C)Volcanic breccia
D)All of these are correct.
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69
Which of the following photographs depicts an igneous rock where the magma cooled slowly at first and then had fast cooling?
A)

B)

C)

D)

A)

B)

C)

D)

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70
Which of the following rock photographs depicts a felsic igneous rock?
A)

B)

C)

D)

A)

B)

C)

D)

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71
Deep Check
In metamorphism,after a rock is heated,
A)it will be deformed.
B)it may or may not be deformed.
C)it will develop a new texture.
D)it may or may not develop a new texture.
E)it will be deformed and it may or may not develop a new texture.
In metamorphism,after a rock is heated,
A)it will be deformed.
B)it may or may not be deformed.
C)it will develop a new texture.
D)it may or may not develop a new texture.
E)it will be deformed and it may or may not develop a new texture.
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72
Which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed?
A)Shale
B)Sandstone
C)Limestone
D)All of these can be metamorphosed.
A)Shale
B)Sandstone
C)Limestone
D)All of these can be metamorphosed.
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73
Which of the following rock types requires dissolved gas in the magma?
A)Granite
B)Pumice
C)Gabbro
D)Diorite
E)Andesite
A)Granite
B)Pumice
C)Gabbro
D)Diorite
E)Andesite
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74
The type of metamorphism that would occur in this setting is 
A)regional metamorphism.
B)contact metamorphism.
C)subduction.
D)thrust faulting.

A)regional metamorphism.
B)contact metamorphism.
C)subduction.
D)thrust faulting.
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Unlock Deck
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75
Which of the following does not match a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?
A)Sandstone - quartzite
B)Limestone - marble
C)Shale - schist
D)Shale - gneiss
E)All of these are correct matches.
A)Sandstone - quartzite
B)Limestone - marble
C)Shale - schist
D)Shale - gneiss
E)All of these are correct matches.
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76
The type of feature shown in this photograph is 
A)fault scarp.
B)columnar joints.
C)shear zone.
D)folded metamorphic rocks.

A)fault scarp.
B)columnar joints.
C)shear zone.
D)folded metamorphic rocks.
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77
Which of the following is a typical way in which shale is expressed in the landscape?
A)Soft slopes covered by small,loose chips
B)Slopes covered by loose debris from overlying rocks
C)Valleys and other low areas carved into the landscape
D)Badlands
E)All of these are correct.
A)Soft slopes covered by small,loose chips
B)Slopes covered by loose debris from overlying rocks
C)Valleys and other low areas carved into the landscape
D)Badlands
E)All of these are correct.
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78
Which of the following rock photographs depicts an igneous rock that trapped gas?
A)

B)

C)

D)

A)

B)

C)

D)

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79
Because shales are easily eroded,the areas where they are exposed typically
A)have soft slopes and soil cover.
B)are covered in angular boulders and cobbles.
C)form steep cliffs.
A)have soft slopes and soil cover.
B)are covered in angular boulders and cobbles.
C)form steep cliffs.
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80
A porphyritic igneous texture indicates that
A)there was water in the magma.
B)the rock cooled slowly and then quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
A)there was water in the magma.
B)the rock cooled slowly and then quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 150 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck