Deck 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Question 1

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, political deviance:

A) involves using one's influence to harm others.
B) includes verbal abuse and personally threatening coworkers.
C) involves direct hostility toward others.
D) includes the theft of company merchandise.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

O'Neill holds a grudge against Carl, one of his coworkers. As a consequence, O'Neill spreads rumors about Carl at work. Everyone at the workplace avoids Carl believing the rumors to be true. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Johnny works at an automobile manufacturing plant. His supervisors have received several complaints about him being careless with the plant's equipment and causing machine breakdowns. In the context of workplace deviance, Johnny's actions are an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Maria is known to bully her coworkers by verbally abusing and screaming at them when they don't do as she says. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 5

Jenny is a manager at a marketing firm. She refuses to promote the hardest working salesperson in the company because she does not like that employee. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 6

Katherine blames Shane for all her shortcomings at work even though he is the hardest working member in the team. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 7

Phillipe was angry at his supervisor as his supervisor had refused to grant him a raise. As a consequence to the act, Phillipe started working at a slower pace and taking unofficial breaks during work. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 8

Jenna occasionally steals office supplies from her workplace when her workplace is empty. She was diagnosed with kleptomania and was fired from her last job when she was caught stealing. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 9

George takes two days to complete a task that can be completed in a day. He believes that taking more time to finish his work will impress his supervisors. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 10

Joanna wanted a raise, but her manager was not ready to give her one. As a consequence to the manager's act, she decided to run a magnet through all the office computers and damaged them. In the context of workplace deviance, Joanna's actions are an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 11

Which of the following is a similarity between political deviance and personal aggression?

A) Both involve the theft of company merchandise.
B) Both involve harming coworkers.
C) Both address the issue of quality of work.
D) Both aim at damaging company property.

Question 12

Nathan is a software engineer working for an information technology company. He has been selling the company's information and software designs to its competitors. In the context of workplace deviance, Nathan's actions are an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 13

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike political deviance, personal aggression:

A) involves the theft of company merchandise.
B) involves showing favoritism and spreading rumors.
C) involves workplace violence.
D) involves using one's influence to harm others.

Question 14

Lewis's female coworkers have reported him for sexually teasing them on numerous occasions. He is also known to come to work under the influence of alcohol and physically assault many of his coworkers. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 15

Andy works at a shoe manufacturing plant. He has a nine-hour daily shift in the factory. However, he only works for six hours and tells his supervisor that he has worked for nine hours. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between property deviance and production deviance?

A) Property deviance influences employees to steal company merchandise, whereas production deviance influences employees to endanger coworkers.
B) Property deviance affects company possessions and products, whereas production deviance affects the quality of work produced.
C) Property deviance is aimed at gaining illegal ownership of a company, whereas production deviance is aimed at obtaining illegal products.
D) Property deviance falls into the category of workplace deviance, whereas production deviance falls into the category of political deviance.

Question 17

Jenny is always the last one to enter the workplace and the first one to leave. She has an eight-hour shift at work but only does six hours of work every day. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 18

Fred always takes two hours to complete a job that can be completed in one hour. He believes that taking more time to finish his work will impress his supervisors. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 19

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike property deviance, production deviance:

A) hurts the possessions of a company.
B) includes serious deviant behaviors that are targeted at an organization.
C) hurts the quality and quantity of work produced.
D) impacts the ownership and legal rights of an organization.

Question 20

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, employee shrinkage:

A) solely affects the intangible assets of a company.
B) deals with hostile behavior toward coworkers.
C) hurts the quality and quantity of work produced.
D) deals with worker theft of company merchandise.

Question 21

_____ is the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions and is one of the factors that need to be taken into account when determining the ethical intensity of an action.

A) Ethical variance
B) Probability of effect
C) Proximity of effect
D) Ethical congruence

Question 22

Johnson has a quick temper and is known to shout at his coworkers when they try to talk to him. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 23

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.

A) conventional level
B) unconventional level
C) preconventional level
D) postconventional level

Question 24

Benjamin steals lunch from his coworkers and shouts and throws tantrums when confronted about this. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____.

A) production deviance
B) property deviance
C) political deviance
D) personal aggression

Question 25

Which of the following statements best explains the carrot-and-stick approach of the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations?

A) Nonprofit organizations are exempted from fines.
B) Unincorporated organizations and associations are exempted from penalties.
C) Organizations accused of unethical behavior are excused if the management was unaware of such behavior.
D) Smaller fines are imposed on companies that take proactive steps to encourage ethical behavior.

Question 26

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations impose smaller fines on companies that:

A) have no history of violation of ethical principles.
B) are unaware of the unethical behavior of employees.
C) are not concerned with the ethical behavior of employees.
D) voluntarily disclose illegal activities to federal authorities.

Question 27

In the context of ethical intensity, unlike proximity of effect, concentration of effect is:

A) the social distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions.
B) the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.
C) the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others.
D) how much an act affects the average person.

Question 28

When addressing an issue of high _____, managers are more aware of the impact their decision will have on others.

A) ethical congruence
B) ethical intensity
C) ethical pluralism
D) ethical subjectivism

Question 29

Which of the following factors should be taken into account when determining the ethical intensity of an action?

A) Conflict of interest
B) Peer acceptance
C) Intent of a manager
D) Temporal immediacy

Question 30

Unlike the instrumental exchange stage of the preconventional level of moral development, in the punishment and obedience stage of the preconventional level of moral development, _____.

A) your primary concern will be to avoid trouble for yourself
B) you will stick to your principles even if your decision conflicts with the law
C) you worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance your wants
D) you normally do what the other "morally upright" people are doing

Question 31

Identify a difference between social consensus and magnitude of consequences.

A) Social consensus is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others, whereas magnitude of consequences is the psychological or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions.
B) Social consensus is an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least fortunate, whereas magnitude of consequences is an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society.
C) Social consensus is the extent to which a decision maker is socially or culturally distant from those affected by his or her decisions, whereas magnitude of consequences is how much an act affects the average person.
D) Social consensus is agreement on whether behavior is bad or good, whereas magnitude of consequences is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

Question 32

Delayed product delivery is less of an issue when compared to delivering a faulty product, which can potentially cause harm. This is because delivering a faulty product has a _____.

A) high magnitude of consequences
B) low magnitude of influence
C) high cultural effect
D) low probability of effect

Question 33

_____ is the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue.

A) Ethical intensity
B) Ethical congruence
C) Ethical pluralism
D) Ethical objectivism

Question 34

Wade, an avid reader, wants to read the latest book by his favorite author. The book is set to release next month, but he finds an illegal copy online. At first, he is tempted to download it, but later decides against it when his father informs him about those who were caught by the police for downloading the pirated version of the book. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Wade is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) punishment and obedience stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 35

In the context of ethical intensity, unlike temporal immediacy, probability of effect:

A) is agreement on whether behavior is bad or good.
B) is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others.
C) is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.
D) is how much an act affects the average person.

Question 36

Matthew refused to illegally download a new video game even though all his other friends were downloading and playing it. He told his friends that they should not download games illegally as their parents would get mad at them if they find out. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Matthew is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) punishment and obedience stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 37

Red Spark Inc., a multinational electronics manufacturer, recently came under close scrutiny after it was involved in a major money laundering scam. The scam had adversely affected the careers of more than two hundred employees of Red Spark despite the fact that they were not involved in the scam. This scenario illustrates that the scam had a:

A) low probability of effect.
B) high peer acceptance.
C) low concentration of effect.
D) high magnitude of consequences.

Question 38

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines for Organizations, which of the following steps should be followed immediately after the standards and procedures for an effective compliance program have been established?

A) First-line managers should be trained on standards and procedures.
B) Ethical employees should be given decision-making authority.
C) Upper-level managers should be given charge of the program.
D) Middle managers should take steps to improve the program after violations.

Question 39

In the context of ethical intensity, unlike probability of effect, magnitude of consequences:

A) is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others.
B) identifies whether behavior is ethical or unethical.
C) reflects the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.
D) is the psychological or cultural distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions.

Question 40

Pink Cheques, an insurance company, recently came under close scrutiny after its top management was involved in a major scam. The scam led to the company shutting down and many employees, consequently, losing their jobs. This scenario illustrates that the scam had a:

A) low probability of effect.
B) high peer acceptance.
C) low concentration of effect.
D) high magnitude of consequences.

Question 41

Benjamin, a military officer, strongly believes that a soldier has to do whatever it takes to protect his or her country. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Benjamin is at the _____ of moral development.

A) preconventional level
B) postconventional level
C) conventional level
D) unconventional level

Question 42

Pam is a manager at Adrent Corp. She is hiring candidates for a new position in the company. While interviewing them, Pam asks each candidate, "What would you do if you see someone in the company taking a bribe?" Which of the following types of tests is Pam using to screen the candidates?

A) An overt integrity test
B) A covert integrity test
C) An aptitude-based integrity test
D) A personality-based integrity test

Question 43

For a code of ethics to encourage ethical decision making and behavior in a company, _____.

A) it must be communicated only inside the company
B) it should revolve around legal factors and not organizational goals and mission
C) the management must ensure that the code does not include customers' and shareholders' interests
D) the management must develop practical ethical standards and procedures specific to the company's line of business

Question 44

Oliver decided to cheat on a test although he knew it was wrong as he needed a passing grade in the subject. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Oliver is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) punishment and obedience stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 45

When Rubberstamp Productions, previously a small-time production house, grew in size, the first thing its chief executive officer (CEO) did was to establish a set of guidelines that detailed all the principles, standards, and procedures to be followed in the company's line of business. The CEO set specific standards on topics ranging from treatment of coworkers to protecting the environment to maintenance of financial records. This scenario illustrates that the CEO developed a _____.

A) database of employee records
B) code of ethics
C) performance appraisal document
D) cognitive map

Question 46

In the _____ of the postconventional level of moral development, you are careful not to violate the rights of others.

A) law and order stage
B) punishment and obedience stage
C) social contract stage
D) instrumental exchange stage

Question 47

Peter's friends are going to a party that serves alcohol, but Peter refuses to go because he is 15 years old and is below the legal drinking age in his country. Peter knows that he will not get caught but strongly feels that it is important to not do something that is illegal. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Peter is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) punishment and obedience stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 48

Jason, a police officer, strongly believes in justice and does not accept bribes from others. According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Jason is operating at the _____.

A) preconventional level of moral development
B) postconventional level of moral development
C) conventional level of moral development
D) unconventional level of moral development

Question 49

Under the _____, an individual should never take any action that harms the least fortunate people in some way.

A) principle of government requirements
B) principle of personal virtue
C) principle of utilitarian benefits
D) principle of distributive justice

Question 50

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

A) conventional level
B) unconventional level
C) preconventional level
D) postconventional level

Question 51

The _____ holds that an individual should never do anything that is not honest, open, and truthful and that he or she would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on television.

A) principle of government requirements
B) principle of distributive justice
C) principle of personal virtue
D) principle of utilitarian benefits

Question 52

A(n) _____ is a written test that estimates job applicants' honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.

A) effort-based integrity test
B) personality-based integrity test
C) covert integrity test
D) overt integrity test

Question 53

Kate, a school teacher, strongly believes that children never tell the truth if they are not afraid of the consequences of lying. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Kate is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) preconventional level
B) postconventional level
C) conventional level
D) unconventional level

Question 54

Jamie is interviewing a candidate for a position in his company. He is not sure if the candidate is going to be an ethical employee, so he asks him, "What would you do if you see someone stealing things from the company?" Which of the following types of tests is Jamie using to screen the candidate?

A) An overt integrity test
B) A covert integrity test
C) An aptitude-based integrity test
D) A personality-based integrity test

Question 55

During a test, Zoe's teacher tells him and his classmates that if she catches them cheating, she would give them poor grades. Hence, Zoe refuses to cheat during the test though his classmates cheat when the teacher steps outside the room. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Zoe is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) punishment and obedience stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 56

Managers can use overt integrity tests to _____.

A) select and hire ethical employees
B) assess the ethical intensity of an issue
C) differentiate between the ethics of primary and secondary stakeholders
D) reinforce the ethical principle of individual rights

Question 57

In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, unlike the law and order stage, in the instrumental exchange stage, _____.

A) you will stick to your principles even if your decision conflicts with the law
B) your primary concern will be to avoid trouble for yourself
C) you are careful not to violate the rights of others
D) you worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance your needs

Question 58

In the context of the postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of individuals in the universal principle stage?

A) They look for external guidance and do whatever the law permits.
B) They worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance their wants.
C) They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law.
D) They believe that society is better off when the rights of others are not violated.

Question 59

Matt refused to illegally download his favorite artist's new album even though his preordered copy was arriving late. He believes that he cannot support the artist and the music industry if he illegally downloads music. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Matthew is at the _____ of moral development in this scenario.

A) social contract stage
B) law and order stage
C) instrumental exchange stage
D) "good boy, nice girl" stage

Question 60

Stanley, a lawyer, strongly believes that it is his duty to win a case even if his client is guilty of a crime. In the context of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Stanley is at the _____ of moral development.

A) preconventional level
B) postconventional level
C) conventional level
D) unconventional level

Question 61

The last step in a basic model of ethical decision making is to _____.

A) diagnose the situation
B) analyze alternatives
C) act on the situation
D) monitor the results

Question 62

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because:

A) they are critical to the company's long-term survival.
B) they can affect public perceptions about socially responsible behavior.
C) they are involved in day-to-day transactions with the company.
D) they have the direct power to control management decisions.

Question 63

Rizenton-Pharm, a pharmaceutical company, produces a significant amount of chemical waste every day. The company disposes the waste in a nearby lake despite strict government regulations regarding waste disposal. This scenario illustrates that Rizenton-Pharm has failed to fulfill its _____.

A) economic responsibility
B) political responsibility
C) legal responsibility
D) discretionary responsibility

Question 64

_____ is a business's obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society.

A) Social loafing
B) Social responsibility
C) Social networking
D) Social engineering

Question 65

Philippa saw one of her coworkers making copies of important company documents and putting them in her bag. She immediately reported the incident to her manager. Philippa's action is an example of _____.

A) brainstorming
B) whistle-blowing
C) personal aggression
D) property deviance

Question 66

_____ is a company's social responsibility to make a profit by producing a valued product or service.

A) Discretionary responsibility
B) Ethical responsibility
C) Legal responsibility
D) Economic responsibility

Question 67

The act of reporting others' ethics violations to management or legal authorities is known as _____.

A) whistle-blowing
B) agenda setting
C) brainstorming
D) bootstrapping

Question 68

In a basic model of ethical decision making, after a problem has been identified, the next step is to _____.

A) diagnose the situation
B) identify the constituents
C) analyze the available options
D) develop alternative solutions

Question 69

Zultin, an electronics company, manufactured and sold new laptops that increased its profits by 20% and made it the market leader in the electronics industry. This scenario illustrates that the company is fulfilling its _____.

A) discretionary responsibility
B) legal responsibility
C) ethical responsibility
D) economic responsibility

Question 70

Horizon Inc., a local electronics manufacturing company, produces a significant amount of electronic waste every day. The company disposes the waste in the ocean despite strict government regulations regarding waste disposal. This scenario illustrates that Horizon has failed to fulfill its _____.

A) economic responsibility
B) political responsibility
C) legal responsibility
D) discretionary responsibility

Question 71

Benjamin saw one of his colleagues stealing office supplies while all the other employees had gone for lunch. He immediately reported the incident to his supervisor. Benjamin's action is an example of _____.

A) brainstorming
B) whistle-blowing
C) personal aggression
D) property deviance

Question 72

Rose found strong evidence that her supervisor, Roger, was stealing confidential documents from the company. She immediately reported Roger's actions to the top management. Rose's action is an example of _____.

A) brainstorming
B) whistle-blowing
C) personal aggression
D) property deviance

Question 73

According to the _____, the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profits.

A) economic model
B) stakeholder model
C) shareholder model
D) accounting model

Question 74

_____ is a company's social responsibility to not violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business.

A) Legal responsibility
B) Ethical responsibility
C) Economic responsibility
D) Discretionary responsibility

Question 75

_____ are defined as persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company.

A) Baby boomers
B) Millennials
C) Stakeholders
D) Boomerangs

Question 76

Infra Inc., a mining company, produces a significant amount of industrial waste every day. The company disposes the waste in a nearby landfill site despite strict government regulations against disposing waste in the site. This scenario illustrates that Infra Inc. has failed to fulfill its _____.

A) economic responsibility
B) political responsibility
C) legal responsibility
D) discretionary responsibility

Question 77

SprintFuel, an energy drink manufacturing company, spiked all its energy drinks with banned substances and did not include their details in the ingredient list. The athletes who consumed SprintFuel were tested positive for these banned substances and were suspended. This scenario illustrates that SprintFuel failed to fulfill its _____.

A) economic responsibility
B) political responsibility
C) legal responsibility
D) discretionary responsibility

Question 78

Which of the following is an argument put forth by economist Milton Friedman?

A) A law represents the minimal moral standards of society, so an individual should never take any action that violates the law.
B) It is unethical for companies to take any action that is not in an organization's long-term self-interest.
C) It is socially irresponsible for companies to divert time, money, and attention from maximizing profits to social causes and charitable organizations.
D) An individual's ethical decision is based on his or her level of moral development.

Question 79

Which of the following stakeholder groups does not engage in regular transactions with a company?

A) Customers
B) Governments
C) Local communities
D) Special interest groups

Question 80

Which of the following is an objective of ethics training programs for employees?

A) To achieve credibility with employees
B) To enforce flexible ethical standards
C) To discourage employees from reporting violations
D) To delegate the decision-making authority to all employees