Question 1

&#8203;The U-shaped structure in the renal tubule is known as the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;distal convoluted tubule&#10;B) &#8203;glomerulus&#10;C) &#8203;loop of Henle&#10;D) &#8203;proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

The U-shaped structure in the renal tubule is known as the Loop of Henle.

Question 2

&#8203;About ____% of water is reabsorbed from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream.&#10;A) &#8203;80&#10;B) &#8203;75&#10;C) &#8203;95&#10;D) &#8203;65

Accepted Answer

Approximately 95% of water is reabsorbed from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. This occurs primarily in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron. Reabsorption of water is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance and preventing dehydration.

Question 3

&#8203;The ____ is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis.&#10;A) &#8203;ureter&#10;B) &#8203;kidney&#10;C) &#8203;urethra&#10;D) &#8203;urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis. The ureter is a tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder, the kidney is an organ that filters waste from the blood, and the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Question 4

&#8203;The hilum is the entrance to a cavity in the kidney called the renal ____.&#10;A) &#8203;papilla&#10;B) &#8203;sinus&#10;C) &#8203;meatus&#10;D) &#8203;foramen

Accepted Answer

The hilum is the entrance to the renal sinus, which is a cavity within the kidney that contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels. Option A (papilla) refers to the tip of a renal pyramid, option C (meatus) refers to a small opening, and option D (foramen) refers to a hole in a bone.

Question 5

&#8203;In males, the urethra is 20 cm (8 inches) long.

Accepted Answer

The male urethra is approximately 20 cm (8 inches) long, extending from the bladder through the penis to the external urethral orifice.

Question 6

&#8203;As long as one-third of one kidney is functional, a person can survive.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The kidneys have a remarkable ability to compensate for loss of function, and as long as at least one-third of one kidney is functioning properly, a person can survive without requiring dialysis or a transplant.

Question 7

&#8203;The first part of the renal tubule is called the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;distal convoluted tubule&#10;B) &#8203;glomerulus&#10;C) &#8203;loop of Henle&#10;D) &#8203;proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

The first part of the renal tubule is called the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 8

The right and left renal arteries transport one-half of the total cardiac output directly to the kidneys.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The renal arteries transport only about 20-25% of the total cardiac output to the kidneys, not one-half.

Question 9

&#8203;Urine is excreted from each kidney through the kidney ____.&#10;A) &#8203;urethra&#10;B) &#8203;capillary&#10;C) &#8203;ureter&#10;D) &#8203;cortex

Accepted Answer

Urine from each kidney is excreted through a long, thin tube called the ureter, which transports the urine to the bladder for storage until it is excreted out of the body through the urethra.

Question 10

&#8203;The renal pelvis eventually narrows to form the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;ureter&#10;B) &#8203;urethra&#10;C) &#8203;renal pyramid&#10;D) &#8203;minor calyx

Accepted Answer

The renal pelvis eventually narrows down to form the ureter, which is a muscular tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 11

&#8203;The average capacity of the bladder is approximately 500 mL.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The average capacity of the bladder is...

Question 12

Collectively, the materials eliminated from the nephron are called ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;electrolytes&#10;B) &#8203;urine&#10;C) &#8203;renin&#10;D) &#8203;filtrate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Collectively, the materials eliminated from the nephron...

Question 13

&#8203;The ____ is the major excretory organ of the body because it eliminates nitrogenous wastes.&#10;A) &#8203;liver&#10;B) &#8203;bladder&#10;C) &#8203;skin&#10;D) &#8203;kidney

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____ is the major excretory organ...

Question 14

&#8203;The kidneys control the proper balance of hydrogen ions in the blood, thus helping to regulate ____ levels in the body.&#10;A) &#8203;sodium&#10;B) &#8203;pH&#10;C) &#8203;renin&#10;D) &#8203;pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The kidneys control the proper balance of...

Question 15

&#8203;The outermost layer of tissue that surrounds the kidney is called the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;renal fascia&#10;B) &#8203;renal capsule&#10;C) &#8203;adipose capsule&#10;D) &#8203;adventitia

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The outermost layer of tissue that surrounds...

Question 16

&#8203;Within the medulla of the kidney are 8 to 18 striated, triangular structures called renal ____.&#10;A) &#8203;papillae&#10;B) &#8203;fascia&#10;C) &#8203;columns&#10;D) &#8203;pyramids

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Within the medulla of the kidney are...

Question 17

&#8203;While daily urine production varies, production of ____ mL of urine per hour is considered normal.&#10;A) &#8203;56&#10;B) &#8203;80&#10;C) &#8203;25&#10;D) &#8203;90

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;While daily urine production varies, production of...

Question 18

The outer area inside the kidney is called the ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;medulla&#10;B) &#8203;hilum&#10;C) &#8203;cortex&#10;D) &#8203;pyramid

Accepted Answer

The answer of The outer area inside the kidney is...

Question 19

&#8203;The ____ regulates the composition and volume of blood and remove wastes from the blood in the form of urine.&#10;A) &#8203;kidney&#10;B) &#8203;ureter&#10;C) &#8203;bladder&#10;D) &#8203;urethra

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____ regulates the composition and volume...

Question 20

Each efferent arteriole takes blood from the renal artery to Bowman's glomerular capsule.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each efferent arteriole takes blood from the...

Question 21

The nerve supply to the kidney comes from the ____________________ plexus of the autonomic nervous system.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nerve supply to the kidney comes...

Question 22

&#8203;The ____________________ arteriole carries blood away from the glomerular capsule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____________________ arteriole carries blood away from...

Question 23

&#8203;The function of the ____ is to transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.&#10;A) &#8203;urethra&#10;B) &#8203;glomerulus&#10;C) &#8203;peritoneum&#10;D) &#8203;ureter

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The function of the ____ is to...

Question 24

The ____________________ is the functional unit of the kidney.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ is the functional unit of...

Question 25

&#8203;The ____ is a small thin-walled tube that leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.&#10;A) &#8203;ureter&#10;B) &#8203;urethra&#10;C) &#8203;nephron&#10;D) &#8203;glomerulus

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____ is a small thin-walled tube...

Question 26

The inner area of the kidney is called the ____________________.&#10;&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inner area of the kidney is...

Question 27

&#8203;A condition in which there is an excessive number of white blood cells in the urine is called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;pyuria&#10;B) &#8203;hematuria&#10;C) &#8203;oliguria&#10;D) &#8203;uremia

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;A condition in which there is an...

Question 28

&#8203;Interlobar veins unite at the right and left ____veins that exit the right and left kidney at the hilum.&#10;A) &#8203;arcuate&#10;B) &#8203;hepatic&#10;C) &#8203;renal&#10;D) &#8203;abdominal

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Interlobar veins unite at the right and...

Question 29

&#8203;The bladder wall is composed of three layers of ____ muscle called the detrusor muscle.&#10;A) &#8203;smooth&#10;B) &#8203;skeletal&#10;C) &#8203;striated&#10;D) &#8203;cardiac

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The bladder wall is composed of three...

Question 30

&#8203;Renal failure can be treated by a procedure called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;polyuria&#10;B) &#8203;cystitis&#10;C) &#8203;hemodialysis&#10;D) &#8203;arteriosclerosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Renal failure can be treated by a...

Question 31

&#8203;The urethra in females is ____ cm long.&#10;A) &#8203;3.8&#10;B) &#8203;20&#10;C) &#8203;10&#10;D) &#8203;5

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The urethra in females is ____ cm...

Question 32

&#8203;The right and left renal arteries transport ____ mL of blood to the kidneys every minute.&#10;A) &#8203;800&#10;B) &#8203;90&#10;C) &#8203;1200&#10;D) &#8203;200

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The right and left renal arteries transport...

Question 33

&#8203;The ____ ducts empty urine into the renal pelvis.&#10;A) &#8203;glomerular&#10;B) &#8203;collecting&#10;C) &#8203;renal&#10;D) &#8203;tubular

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____ ducts empty urine into the...

Question 34

&#8203;The innermost layer of the glomerular capsule is the visceral layer made up of ____.&#10;A) &#8203;beta cells&#10;B) &#8203;macrophages&#10;C) &#8203;monocytes&#10;D) &#8203;podocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The innermost layer of the glomerular capsule...

Question 35

&#8203;Blood in the urine is called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;hemodialysis&#10;B) &#8203;hematuria&#10;C) &#8203;oligouria&#10;D) &#8203;pyuria

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Blood in the urine is called ____.&#10;A)...

Question 36

&#8203;Glomerular filtration, tubular resorption, and tubular secretion all occur in the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;renal pelvis&#10;B) &#8203;nephron&#10;C) &#8203;collecting tubule&#10;D) &#8203;hilum

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Glomerular filtration, tubular resorption, and tubular secretion...

Question 37

&#8203;The interlobar vein connects with the ____ vein at the base of a renal pyramid.&#10;A) &#8203;arcuate&#10;B) &#8203;efferent&#10;C) &#8203;afferent&#10;D) &#8203;glomerular

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The interlobar vein connects with the ____...

Question 38

The urinary system helps to keep the body in ____________________ by removing and restoring selected amounts of solutes and water from the blood.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The urinary system helps to keep the...

Question 39

&#8203;Urine is expelled from the bladder by an act known as ____.&#10;A) &#8203;defecation&#10;B) &#8203;digestion&#10;C) &#8203;mastication&#10;D) &#8203;micturition

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Urine is expelled from the bladder by...

Question 40

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, typically caused by a bacterial infection, is known as ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;cystitis&#10;B) &#8203;hemodialysis&#10;C) &#8203;nephritis&#10;D) &#8203;gout

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inflammation of the urinary bladder, typically caused...

Question 41

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;nephron&#10;b.&#8203;glomerulus&#10;c.&#8203;bladder&#10;d.&#8203;renal plexus&#10;e.&#8203;calciferol&#10;f.&#8203;erythropoietin&#10;g.&#8203;hilum&#10;h.&#8203;minor calyx&#10;i.&#8203;renin&#10;j.cortex&#10;&#8203;active form of vitamin D

Accepted Answer