Deck 16: Nutrition During Adulthood

Question 1

Women are advised to consume no more than _______________ drink(s) per day.

Answer 1

1

Question 2

During aging, as cells in an organ die, the organ's ability to show no outward disease and dysfunction is called its _______________.

Answer 2

reserve capacity

Question 3

Which of the following is true about U.S. dietary consumption since the mid 1950s?

A) We are eating less cheese.
B) We are consuming less saturated fat.
C) We are eating more eggs.
D) We are eating less chicken and fish.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

_______________ is the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year.

Question 5

The foundation for a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health emphasizes all of the following except

A) low-fat dairy products.
B) a variety of fruits and vegetables.
C) refined grain breads and cereals.
D) lean meats.

Question 6

Declining production of stomach acid and intrinsic factor increase the risk for deficiency of ____________ among older adults

Question 7

_______________ is the name of the chronic and progressive disease characterized by prolonged fatty infiltration of the liver with fibrous connective tissue replacing destroyed liver cells.

Question 8

_______________ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs. These drugs can affect nutritional status

Question 9

Isolation and loneliness frequently contribute to apathetic eating and _______________ in older people.

Question 10

_______________ refers to the maximum number of years humans live.

Question 11

Because the elderly person requires similar amounts of nutrients as a younger person but needs fewer calories, diet plans should focus on _______________.

Question 12

__________________ describes a loss of muscle mass accompanied by gains in fat mass.

Question 13

Of all alcohol sources, _______________ often is singled out as the best choice because of the added bonus of the many phytochemicals present.

Question 14

_______________ is an example of a nutrition program for seniors that delivers meals to their homes.

Question 15

The best general approach to eating a health-promoting diet is to

A) follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPyramid.
B) avoid foods containing sugar or sodium.
C) avoid all desserts.
D) eat ample amounts of refined grain breads and cereals.

Question 16

Meals provided by congregate or home-delivered meal programs are designed to provide _______________ of the RDA or AI for nutrients

Question 17

To prevent ____________, older adults should exercise and increase intake of both fiber and water.

Question 18

As one ages, _______________ are lost from the kidney. In some people, this loss leads to eventual kidney failure, but most of us maintain sufficient kidney function.

Question 19

Alcohol metabolism depends on the enzyme _______________.

Question 20

Bill wants to eat a health-promoting diet. Which of the following practices derived from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans would he not want to follow?

A) Balance calorie intake from foods and beverages with calories expended.
B) Choose foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats.
C) Emphasize vegetables, fruits, legumes (beans), whole grain breads and cereals, and fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.
D) Consume no more than four alcohol-containing drinks daily.

Question 21

Currently, life expectancy in North America is about ______ years for men and ______ for women.

A) 78; 71
B) 75; 75
C) 78; 80
D) 75; 80

Question 22

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process. Which of the following nutrients does not protect cells from these compounds?

A) Selenium
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K

Question 23

Sara is an administrator at a bank. Sara eats plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean meats. She is of Northern European descent and is quite small in stature. What could she do to live a more health-promoting lifestyle?

A) Take vitamin and mineral supplements.
B) Eat more vitamin A laden fruits and vegetables.
C) Eat more lean meats.
D) Consume plenty of low-fat milk and dairy products.

Question 24

Which of the following is true about aging?

A) Aging is a disease.
B) Models have been designed that are very predictive of the aging process.
C) Not every elderly person dies of a disease that commonly accompanies old age.
D) Every elderly person dies from some disease such as congestive heart failure.

Question 25

Maggie switches to a health-promoting diet. This potentially will have the most impact on

A) life span.
B) life expectancy.
C) risk for heart disease.
D) quality of life in later years.

Question 26

Aging most likely is the result of

A) slow cell death.
B) acute death of an organ.
C) complete death of the immune system.
D) slow cell multiplication.

Question 27

What is the major reason that life expectancy has increased during the last 80 years?

A) Better diet
B) Control of infectious disease
C) Increase in exercise
D) Improved medical technology

Question 28

The life span of humans is approximately ______ years.

A) 122
B) 105
C) 78
D) 100

Question 29

A mineral that is often deficient in adults' diets and is linked to bone health, muscle function, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes is

A) zinc.
B) calcium.
C) magnesium.
D) iron.

Question 30

Of older people, at least _____ percent have nutrition-related health problems.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 65
D) 75

Question 31

What is the principal cause of death in the United States?

A) Diabetes
B) Heart disease
C) Accidents
D) Stroke

Question 32

In the aging process, physiological functioning of organs decreases but it may be years before this decline in organ function becomes noticeable. This is referred to as

A) compression of morbidity.
B) homeostasis.
C) reserve capacity.
D) subclinical deficiency.

Question 33

Joe's diet consists of the major contributors of kcalories to the adult diet in the United States. Which of the following does he tend to eat a lot of?

A) White bread, rolls, and crackers
B) Fruits
C) Whole grains
D) Kidney beans

Question 34

Which of the following is the best definition of life span?

A) The time an average person can expect to live
B) The potential oldest age a person can reach
C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases
D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases

Question 35

A basic plan for health promotion and disease prevention includes all of the following except

A) eating the foods in the MyPyramid Food Guide.
B) getting regular exercise.
C) not smoking.
D) consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily.

Question 36

All of the following are aging theories except

A) errors in copying DNA for making protein.
B) levels of the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone become too high as one ages.
C) loss of immune system function.
D) stiffening of connective tissue.

Question 37

Among the older population, the fastest growing age group is

A) 60 to 65.
B) 65 to 75.
C) 75 to 80.
D) 85 and older.

Question 38

Which of the following is the best definition of life expectancy?

A) The time an average person can expect to live
B) The maximum number of years humans live
C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases
D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases

Question 39

Delaying the onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases is known as

A) usual aging.
B) homeostasis.
C) compression of morbidity.
D) reserve capacity.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a Dietary Guideline for Americans?

A) Practice safe food handling when preparing food.
B) Choose a diet low in trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
C) Eliminate salt and sodium from the diet.
D) Maintain a healthy body weight.

Question 41

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing. Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

A) Gelatin
B) Bouillon
C) Sirloin steak
D) Low-fat yogurt

Question 42

Long-term aspirin use by an elderly person could increase the need for what nutrient?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Thiamin
D) Iron

Question 43

______ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs.

A) Twenty-five
B) Thirty-five
C) Fifty
D) Sixty

Question 44

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?

A) Elderly individuals can easily become dehydrated and this can cause confusion.
B) Elderly people rarely become dehydrated because the sense of thirst is enhanced as people age.
C) About 6 cups of fluid per day is a good goal for elderly people.
D) Diuretics do not affect the elderly person's fluid requirement.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a good predictor of physical health status in the elderly?

A) Chronological age
B) Nutritional habits
C) Extent of physiological changes
D) Family history

Question 46

Use of which of the following medications could cause appetite loss in an elderly person?

A) Diuretics
B) Antidepressants
C) Antipsychotics
D) Aspirin

Question 47

Consuming adequate ______ and ______ helps maximize the health of the immune system in elderly individuals.

A) protein; selenium
B) iron; copper
C) calcium; protein
D) protein; zinc

Question 48

Declining function of which of the following body systems directly affects an older adult's ability to shop for, prepare, and consume foods at home?

A) Immune system
B) Digestive system
C) Endocrine system
D) Nervous system

Question 49

Alzheimer's patients are likely to be helped by all of the following except

A) regular physical activity.
B) limiting sun exposure.
C) eating fish two times per week.
D) monitoring food intake toward a healthy diet.

Question 50

Compared to individuals aged 19 - 50, adults over the age of 70 need _____ times more vitamin D

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 51

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by

A) eating a lot of protein.
B) exercise and a weight training program.
C) eating a lot of kcalories.
D) taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 52

Food habits of older adults may be influenced by all of the following except

A) decreased taste sensitivity.
B) decreased mobility.
C) poor dentition.
D) production of melatonin.

Question 53

Mack is constipated. Safe recommendations include all of the following except

A) eat 30 grams of fiber per day.
B) drink more fluid.
C) use mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D) eat more whole grains.

Question 54

Maude is losing her sense of taste and smell. Which of the following is true about her situation?

A) Taste and smell typically do not decrease with aging.
B) She will need to vary her diet and use more herbs and spices.
C) She will have to learn to accept that food will taste more bland.
D) She eventually will not be able to smell and taste food.

Question 55

Edna, at age 75, has found she does not tolerate milk products well. She should do which of the following?

A) Eat more vegetables.
B) Increase her protein intake.
C) Eliminate dairy foods.
D) Decrease the serving size of dairy foods.

Question 56

All of the following can cause apathetic eating and weight loss except

A) participation in a congregate meal program.
B) depression.
C) death of friend.
D) becoming less mobile.

Question 57

Barbara is 65 years of age and her doctor finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following will not significantly impact this issue?

A) Striving for life long learning
B) Exercising regularly
C) Eating a healthy diet
D) Taking nutrition supplements

Question 58

Gary takes a diuretic to control blood pressure, aspirin to prevent blood clots, and an antibiotic for a recent sinus infection. Which of these may affect his vitamin needs?

A) None of these
B) Antibiotic
C) Aspirin
D) Diuretic

Question 59

The physiological changes of aging that will decrease food utilization in the body include all of the following except

A) decreased kidney function.
B) decreased liver function.
C) decreased insulin function.
D) constipation.

Question 60

All of the following tend to happen as one ages except

A) the liver's detoxifying capacity deteriorates.
B) the tendency to develop gallstones increases.
C) high chromium intake impairs glucose tolerance.
D) the digestive functions of the pancreas may decline.

Question 61

The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to __ drink(s) per day for women and older adults and up to __ drink(s) per day for men.

A) 0; 1
B) 1; 2
C) 2; 3
D) 3; 4

Question 62

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism?

A) Brain
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

Question 63

Which of the following does not decrease with aging?

A) Thirst
B) Lean tissue levels
C) Immune function
D) Fat stores

Question 64

The dietary manipulation that is related most significantly to longevity in animal studies is

A) protein restriction.
B) low-fat intake.
C) kcalorie restriction.
D) high carbohydrate intake.

Question 65

Which of the following is true about application of the RDAs to elderly people?

A) The RDAs apply well to those over 75 years of age.
B) The RDAs are valid even though many older people take medications and are ill.
C) The RDAs are now tailored to 57-70 and 70+ years of age.
D) The RDAs are low for all nutrients.

Question 66

All of the following forms of cancer are related to excessive kcalorie intake except

A) lung cancer.
B) breast cancer.
C) colon cancer.
D) pancreatic cancer.

Question 67

Anya is undergoing treatment for cancer and suffers from nausea and mouth sores, which are hindering her food intake. Which of the following meals would you recommend?

A) Toast with jam, a soft-boiled egg, and milk
B) Pancakes, a hard boiled egg, and apple juice
C) Bacon, fried eggs, and orange juice
D) Spaghetti with meat sauce, garlic bread, and a soft drink

Question 68

Elderly people should limit alcohol consumption due to all of the following except

A) they become intoxicated more easily.
B) they have lower amounts of body water in which to dilute alcohol.
C) decreased ability to metabolize alcohol.
D) increased risk of depression.

Question 69

Excess calorie intake can lead to which of the following?

A) Weight loss
B) Accelerated body breakdown
C) Depression
D) Semistarvation

Question 70

Which of the following is true about alcohol consumption by the elderly?

A) It is absorbed only in the small intestine.
B) Alcohol absorption is independent of the amount of stomach contents.
C) Most of the alcohol is metabolized by the kidney.
D) Alcohol can interfere with the effect of medication in the body.

Question 71

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer's disease?

A) High intakes of aluminum can cause it.
B) High intakes of choline and lecithin are associated with improvement in the condition.
C) It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.
D) Diet can prevent this condition.

Question 72

All of the following are practical suggestions for diet planning for singles except

A) buying small containers of food.
B) cooking large amounts of food, dividing it into portions, and freezing it.
C) buying family-sized packages of meat.
D) buying fruits at various stages of ripeness so they can be eaten fresh daily.

Question 73

The DETERMINE acronym refers to all of the following except

A) eating poorly.
B) depression.
C) economic hardship.
D) multiple medications.

Question 74

For cancer prevention, which of the following dietary components should be limited?

A) Soy products
B) Low-fat dairy products
C) Cured meats
D) Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 75

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients as their younger counterparts but less kcalories, they should focus on diet plans that emphasize E

A) nutrient density.
B) vitamin
C) protein.
D) whole grains.

Question 76

For those over 40 years of age, an exercise program should include all of the following except

A) physician clearance.
B) stretching.
C) rest periodically.
D) exercise through the pain.