Deck 9: Water and Minerals

Question 1

In people with hypertension, increased intake of _______________ may lower blood pressure. It is found in greatest abundance in fruits and vegetables. A deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat

Answer 1

potassium K K+

Question 2

A copper deficiency can be created by taking _______________ supplements in high amounts

Answer 2

zinc Zn

Question 3

Consumption of this mineral in water has lowered the rate of dental caries because _______________ strengthens the crystal structure of teeth

Answer 3

fluoride F

Question 4

_______________ is best absorbed as the heme form present in animal products such as beef

Question 5

_______________ is the mineral present in the body in greatest quantity. The best dietary sources are milk and dairy products

Question 6

_______________ is a disease in which bone mass is lost to such a degree that fractures can occur in bones, especially the wrist, spine, and hips.

Question 7

Composed primarily of water, metabolic wastes, and minerals, the major body waste product is ____________.

Question 8

The amount of water in each compartment mainly is controlled by

A) oxygen concentration.
B) glucose concentration.
C) the presence of fatty acids.
D) ion concentration.

Question 9

_______________ is the process of equalizing ion concentration by movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane, such as the one surrounding cells.

Question 10

The major source of ____________ in the American diet is processed foods

Question 11

_______________ is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Lack of it will lead to goiter

Question 12

Potassium and phosphorus are the major ____________ electrolytes.

Question 13

Sodium and chloride are the major ____________ electrolytes.

Question 14

During intense vomiting, much _______________ can be lost because this mineral is present in stomach acid

Question 15

_______________ is a major mineral important for nerve and heart function and is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes. It is a major constituent of bone and is found in whole grains and vegetables. Low levels of this mineral may be associated with sudden heart attacks

Question 16

Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of

A) sodium and chloride.
B) phosphate and potassium.
C) potassium and sodium.
D) chloride and potassium.

Question 17

_______________ is important in the synthesis of hemoglobin and the transport and storage of iron. With vitamin C, this mineral is important in collagen synthesis

Question 18

A deficiency of _______________ results in impaired glucose tolerance and elevated blood cholesterol

Question 19

Large doses of zinc can cause decreases in _______________ absorption

Question 20

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

A) 10-20
B) 25-45
C) 50-70
D) 75-95

Question 21

Compared to most municipal water supplies, bottled water

A) is safer to drink.
B) has higher fluoride content.
C) places less of a burden on the environment.
D) is essentially the same.

Question 22

Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?

A) They make possible the transfer of nerve impulses.
B) They are constituents of important body compounds.
C) They provide 4 kcalories per gram.
D) They help maintain water balance.

Question 23

Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will

A) cause damage to the kidneys.
B) result in edema.
C) increase fecal excretion of sodium.
D) increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Question 24

The body's need for water is approximately ____ milliliter(s) per kcalorie.

A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 0.5

Question 25

Which of the following would have the most sodium?

A) Applesauce in a jar
B) Homemade apple pie made with fresh apples
C) Homemade apple pie made with canned fruit filling
D) A prepared apple pie with filling from a can, bought in the store

Question 26

Adult men need how much total water intake per day?

A) 2.0 liters
B) 2.7 liters
C) 3.0 liters
D) 3.7 liters

Question 27

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via

A) conduction.
B) radiation.
C) respiration.
D) evaporation.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability?

A) Minerals from plants are better absorbed than those from animal products.
B) Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants.
C) The trace mineral content of plants is relatively constant no matter which soil serves as the medium.
D) Refining foods will increase the trace mineral content.

Question 29

Minerals are classified in which way?

A) Major minerals are needed in amounts of 500 mg per day or greater.
B) Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg per day or less.
C) Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 10 mg per day or less.
D) Major minerals are needed in amounts of 200 mg per day or greater.

Question 30

Adult women need how much total water intake per day?

A) 1.5 liters
B) 2 liters
C) 2.7 liters
D) 3 liters

Question 31

All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except

A) milk and dairy products.
B) whole grains.
C) legumes.
D) fruits.

Question 32

The Beverage Guidance System recommends that fluids should provide ______ of total calories consumed.

A) 0%
B) less than 10%
C) no more than 20%
D) at least 50%

Question 33

Lowering blood pressure is associated with which of the following minerals?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Cadmium
D) Chloride

Question 34

Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium?

A) Pepperoni pizza
B) Macaroni salad
C) Milk
D) Grape juice

Question 35

Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?

A) Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water should be consumed to replenish body fluids.
B) Antidiuretic hormone is released to force the kidney to conserve water.
C) There is a limit to how concentrated the kidney can make the urine.
D) Even though the kidney can effectively conserve water, insensible water losses must be replenished.

Question 36

The two most significant extracellular ions are

A) sodium and chloride.
B) phosphate and potassium.
C) potassium and sodium.
D) chloride and potassium.

Question 37

The typical American diet contains approximately ___ mgs of sodium.

A) 700 to 1,200
B) 1,300 to 2.200
C) 2,300 to 4,700
D) 5,000 to 10,000

Question 38

A liter of perspiration lost by the body represents ____ kcalories.

A) 200
B) 400
C) 600
D) 800

Question 39

Potassium performs all the following functions except which one?

A) It maintains the ability to see at night.
B) It maintains fluid balance.
C) It assists nerve transmission.
D) It maintains normal heart function.

Question 40

Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?

A) 2 cups
B) 3 cups
C) 4 cups
D) 5 cups

Question 41

The major chloride source in the diet is

A) nuts.
B) milk.
C) cheese.
D) salt.

Question 42

Magnesium deficiency causes all of the following except

A) irregular heartbeat.
B) muscle pain.
C) seizures.
D) anemia.

Question 43

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in

A) milk and dairy products.
B) meats.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) refined grains.

Question 44

Which of the following food combinations would provide the most phosphorus?

A) Strawberries, orange juice, potatoes
B) Cream of wheat, enriched bread, muffin
C) Cheeseburger on whole wheat bun, cola
D) Broccoli and cauliflower salad

Question 45

In some cultures, pots and pans used in cooking may contribute some ____ to the diet.

A) zinc
B) iron
C) sulfur
D) chromium

Question 46

According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is

A) iron.
B) iodine.
C) calcium.
D) copper.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a function of calcium?

A) Muscle contraction
B) Appetite regulation
C) Blood clotting
D) Normal nerve transmission

Question 48

Phosphorus functions in all the following ways except which one?

A) It is a cofactor for a variety of enzymes.
B) It is important for blood glucose regulation.
C) It is a component of cell membranes.
D) It is a component of DNA.

Question 49

Magnesium is provided in the diet primarily by

A) whole grains.
B) meat.
C) legumes.
D) milk.

Question 50

What is magnesium's primary function?

A) It acts as the carrier for calcium absorption.
B) It is important in hemoglobin synthesis.
C) It maintains mucus production in the digestive tract.
D) It is important for nerve and heart function.

Question 51

The mineral that is least likely to be deficient in the American diet is

A) calcium.
B) phosphorus.
C) iron.
D) copper.

Question 52

We get most of the sulfur in our diet from

A) carbohydrates.
B) water.
C) fats and oils.
D) proteins.

Question 53

In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in

A) the liver.
B) intracellular fluid.
C) bones and teeth.
D) nerve cells.

Question 54

Milk is a poor source of

A) calcium.
B) iron and calcium.
C) iron and vitamin C
D) Vitamin A and protein.

Question 55

The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by

A) excretion in the urine.
B) absorption in the small intestine.
C) absorption through the skin.
D) absorption in the large intestine.

Question 56

Which would you expect to furnish the largest amount of calcium?

A) 1 medium egg
B) 1 slice of bread
C) 1 ounce of cheese
D) 1 medium apple

Question 57

The most nutrient-dense calcium food source is

A) dark green vegetables.
B) meat.
C) milk and dairy products.
D) cereal grains.

Question 58

Oxalic acid can inhibit the absorption of

A) Vitamin A
B) thiamin.
C) calcium.
D) protein.

Question 59

The AI for sodium for those under 51 years of age is

A) 500 mg/day.
B) 1000 mg/day.
C) 1500 mg/day.
D) 2000 mg/day.

Question 60

Of the following, the best source of potassium is

A) fresh spinach.
B) milk.
C) white bread.
D) canned tuna.

Question 61

The mineral that gives hardness to teeth and bones is

A) selenium.
B) zinc.
C) copper.
D) fluoride.

Question 62

Manganese functions as

A) a cofactor for many different enzymes.
B) a component of thyroid hormone.
C) a cofactor for the absorption of vitamin A
D) an essential mineral for amino acid metabolism.

Question 63

Which of the following is the best copper source?

A) Beef liver
B) Milk
C) Carrots
D) Legumes

Question 64

Which of the following foods is highest in selenium?

A) Raisins
B) Special K
C) Salmon
D) Tuna

Question 65

The best-absorbed iron source is found in which of the following foods?

A) Sirloin steak
B) Broccoli
C) Kidney beans
D) Cheese

Question 66

The best food source of iron is

A) whole wheat bread.
B) egg yolk.
C) raisins.
D) liver.

Question 67

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ____ mm Hg.

A) 100/50
B) 120/80
C) 140/90
D) 180/100

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true about iron?

A) Iron deficiency anemia is found among young children, adolescents, and menstruating women.
B) Sixty-five percent of dietary iron is absorbed.
C) An iron-deficient individual absorbs less iron.
D) Excess dietary iron is excreted readily via the kidneys.

Question 69

The best zinc source is

A) turkey.
B) cheese.
C) pears.
D) potatoes.

Question 70

A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of

A) copper.
B) magnesium.
C) sodium.
D) iodide.

Question 71

Which of the following is a good chromium source?

A) Cherries
B) Whole grains
C) Enriched, refined grains
D) Drinking water

Question 72

A reduced sense of taste is associated with a deficiency of

A) iron.
B) zinc.
C) chromium.
D) selenium.

Question 73

This mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities.

A) Fluoride
B) Copper
C) Iron
D) Selenium

Question 74

A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the United States may be linked to

A) impaired glucose tolerance.
B) elevated calcitriol levels.
C) lowered serum cholesterol levels.
D) elevated blood pressure.

Question 75

Copper's functions consist of all the following except

A) connective tissue formation.
B) thyroid hormone synthesis.
C) iron release from storage.
D) hemoglobin formation.

Question 76

A severe iodide deficiency during early pregnancy may result in an infant afflicted with

A) scurvy.
B) rickets.
C) cretinism.
D) xerophthalmia.

Question 77

People who eat large amounts of seaweed can consume toxic levels of which trace mineral?

A) Selenium
B) Iron
C) Zinc
D) Iodide

Question 78

A mineral that has antioxidant functions and has been suggested to reduce cancer risk is

A) iron.
B) manganese.
C) selenium.
D) sulfur.

Question 79

In women, bone loss begins around age

A) 20.
B) 25.
C) 30.
D) 35.

Question 80

Which of the following is true about selenium?

A) It is needed for insulin formation and use.
B) An excess can cause hypertension.
C) It acts as a cofactor in protein metabolism.
D) It acts as an antioxidant.