Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

_______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension

Answer 1

Android Upper-body Central

Question 2

The energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the _______________. This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake

Answer 2

thermic effect of food TEF

Question 3

Cycles of loss and regain of weight are called _______________. With each cycle, it is easier to gain weight and harder to lose

Answer 3

yo-yo dieting yo-yo diets yo-yo diet weight cycling

Question 4

The professional qualified to assist individuals with their weight-loss goals is a _______________

Question 5

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is _______________ kg/m²

Question 6

A body fat level of ______% or greater for women warrants a diagnosis of obesity

Question 7

An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used today for treating severely obese individuals is ____________

Question 8

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

A) It represents about 30 percent of total energy expenditure.
B) It is energy expenditure to maintain heartbeat, respiration, other basic functions, and daily activities.
C) It represents about 60 percent to 70 percent of total kcalories used by a sedentary person during a day.
D) It includes the energy used to digest food.

Question 9

A technique for estimating energy expenditure by measuring oxygen used by a person is called _______________.

Question 10

Restricting food and beverage intake by ______ kcal per day below calorie needs typically leads to weight loss of 1 pound per week

Question 11

Which of the following is not associated with an increase in basal metabolism?

A) An increase in body temperature
B) A low kcalorie intake
C) An increase in lean body mass
D) Caffeine use

Question 12

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

A) when sleeping.
B) when doing moderate activity.
C) when resting, but awake, and in a fasting state.
D) to make food available to the body.

Question 13

The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure

Question 14

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______________ kg/m²

Question 15

____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25% to 40%

Question 16

A technique for estimating energy expenditure by measuring body heat released by a person is called _______________.

Question 17

Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler. He is engaged in vigorous activity. Based on the MyPyramid Calorie Guidelines, Bob needs approximately _______________ kcal/day

Question 18

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called _______________

Question 19

A body fat level of _______________ % or greater for men warrants a diagnosis of obesity

Question 20

A group of medications that induce stimulation of the central nervous system are _______________

Question 21

The thermic effect of food

A) represents the Kcalories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.
B) represents approximately 20 percent of total energy expenditure.
C) is included in the measurement of basal metabolism.
D) refers to energy expended to produce heat in response to a cold environment.

Question 22

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

A) 8%
B) 20%
C) 24%
D) 30%

Question 23

All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except

A) basal metabolic rate.
B) thermic effect of food.
C) energy content of food.
D) adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 24

The MyPyramid calorie guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is

A) 1600.
B) 2000.
C) 2400.
D) 2800.

Question 25

Bill consumes 2,500 kcalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kcalories, from the thermic effect of food?

A) 125 to 250
B) 250 to 375
C) 300 to 550
D) 425 to 600

Question 26

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

A) direct calorimetry.
B) indirect calorimetry.
C) thermocalorimetry.
D) bomb calorimetry.

Question 27

All of the following are true about contributors to energy expenditure except

A) the thermic effect of food represents about 5 percent to 10 percent of total expenditure.
B) physical activity accounts for 25 percent to 40 percent of total expenditure.
C) basal metabolism accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of total expenditure.
D) fidgeting accounts for 40 percent of total energy expenditure.

Question 28

Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry. The 1 liter of water surrounding the chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius. The final reading is 2,015 degrees Celsius. How many kcalories did he expend?

A) 1,000
B) 1,500
C) 2,000
D) 2,500

Question 29

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis.

A) 25%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 30%

Question 30

Men with body fat levels greater than _____ run health risks.

A) 20%
B) 24%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Question 31

For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be

A) 18.
B) 23.
C) 27.
D) 32.

Question 32

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields

A) the obesity index.
B) the body mass index.
C) relative weight.
D) percent body fat.

Question 33

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

A) the ability to regulate body temperature within narrow limits.
B) shivering when cold and fidgeting are examples of thermogenesis.
C) brown adipose tissue contributes to thermogenesis especially in hibernating animals.
D) the energy you require during sleep at night.

Question 34

Xenical is a weight loss drug that works in the digestive system

A) to substitute xylose for glucose.
B) to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.
C) to produce a full feeling that decreases hunger.
D) as an artificial fat.

Question 35

The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is

A) direct calorimetry.
B) indirect calorimetry.
C) thermocalorimetry.
D) bomb calorimetry.

Question 36

Carol eats 800 kcalories a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

A) Her 800-kcalorie diet
B) Her age
C) Her loss of lean body mass
D) Her walking routine

Question 37

Physical activity

A) contributes about 70 percent of total energy expenditure.
B) is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal, regular exercise program.
C) includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.
D) contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.

Question 38

Bill expends 2,500 kcalories per day. What amount of kcalories will be from basal metabolism?

A) 250 to 375
B) 500 to 1,050
C) 1,200 to 1,500
D) 1,500 to 1,750

Question 39

The kcalorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed.

A) 1% to 2%
B) 5% to 10%
C) 15% to 20%
D) 20% to 25%

Question 40

How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms?

A) The value does not exceed the value for which health risks begin.
B) Her health risks due to obesity would be high.
C) This indicates significant android obesity and high health risk.
D) She slightly exceeds the value for which health risks begin.

Question 41

The best formal weight loss program for the average dieter is

A) Weight Watchers.
B) Jenny Craig.
C) Nutri-System.
D) Diet Center.

Question 42

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called

A) chain-breaking.
B) stimulus control.
C) contingency management.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a major goal for weight control programs?

A) 5 pound weight loss per week
B) Loss of stored fat
C) Sparing lean body mass
D) Reaching a healthy weight

Question 44

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation?

A) Her frequent weight loss attempts have most likely led to greater amounts of lean body mass.
B) Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight.
C) When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.
D) Her problem results from poor habits, with studies showing genetics as an insignificant contributor.

Question 45

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to

A) restrict more food choices.
B) reduce food intake to 1,000 kcalories.
C) go off the weight control program and take a break.
D) increase physical activity.

Question 46

Which of the following testing methods is considered the most accurate way of measuring percent body fat?

A) Underwater weighing
B) Skinfolds
C) Infrared light
D) Bioelectrical impedance

Question 47

A weight loss program should have all of the following characteristics except

A) use MyPyramid as a pattern for food choices.
B) the plan should adapt to habits and tastes.
C) the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week.
D) the plan should be socially acceptable, allowing attendance at parties and restaurants.

Question 48

An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is

A) planning what to eat for breakfast.
B) decreeing candy bars off limits.
C) replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives.
D) keeping a food intake diary to identify triggers for eating.

Question 49

Mary Sue wishes to lose 5 pounds before her vacation in approximately 5 weeks. Her average consumption is 2,100 kcalories. How many kcalories should she consume daily to lose this weight, assuming her activity pattern remains unchanged?

A) 1,800 to 1,900
B) 1,600 to 1,700
C) 1,400 to 1,500
D) 1,100 to 1,200

Question 50

Orlistat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat

A) storage by inhibiting lipase activity in fat cells.
B) digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine.
C) absorption by decreasing bile secretion.
D) circulation by inhibiting lipoprotein production.

Question 51

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet?

A) It promotes quick solutions.
B) It uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons.
C) It limits food selections.
D) It recommends expensive supplements.

Question 52

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to

A) eat high-fat foods such as cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef.
B) stop exercising.
C) eat kcalorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds.
D) eat high kcalorie foods at the beginning of a meal.

Question 53

All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except

A) they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass.
B) they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.
C) they often recommend expensive supplements.
D) they use testimonials from famous people.

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about android obesity?

A) It is upper body obesity.
B) High testosterone levels encourage it.
C) A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.
D) It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat?

A) Body mass index
B) Bioelectrical impedance
C) Skinfolds
D) Underwater weighing

Question 56

Currently, the most common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is

A) intestinal bypass.
B) gastric bypass.
C) gastric balloons.
D) gastrectomy.

Question 57

A daily deficit of 500 kcalories should result in a weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 3
D) 4

Question 58

Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except

A) heart disease.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) hypertension.
D) cancer.

Question 59

Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight control?

A) Severely restricting intake after overeating
B) Avoiding planned eating so you can be ready to handle spontaneous changes in the situation
C) Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating
D) Weighing at the same time each day

Question 60

What would be the approximate weight gain, in pounds, of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 2

Question 61

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called

A) stimulus control.
B) self-monitoring.
C) chain-breaking.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 62

Martha is maintaining her current weight by eating 2,500 kcalories per day. To lose 1 pound of fat per week, she would have to decrease her intake to how many kcalories per day?

A) 2,200 to 2,300
B) 1,900 to 2,000
C) 1,500 to 1,600
D) 1,000 to 1,200

Question 63

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction?

A) Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.
B) Amphetamines are not addictive.
C) Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger.
D) Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.

Question 64

Which of the following is true about fat?

A) It has a high thermic effect.
B) It is less kcalorie-dense than carbohydrates or proteins.
C) It is a concentrated source of kcalories.
D) It is better to eliminate carbohydrates rather than fat when cutting kcalories.

Question 65

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

A) fat, water, and glycogen.
B) water, muscle tissue, and protein stores.
C) water, glycogen, and muscle tissue.
D) fat, water, and muscle tissue.

Question 66

The body's set point has been suggested to be

A) a weight to which the body closely regulates.
B) one's desirable body weight.
C) one's minimum body weight.
D) the weight that is reached and maintained during mid life.

Question 67

Two self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control efforts include

A) Jenny Craig and Slim Fast.
B) Nutri-System and Jenny Craig.
C) Weight Watchers and Take Off Pounds Sensibly.
D) Weight Watchers and Nutri-System.