Deck 14: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Question 1

Formaldehyde is used industrially to make

A) polymers.
B) insulating materials.
C) carpeting.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A) methylcyclohexanone
B) 2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone
C) 1,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexanone
D) cyclohexyl methyl ketone
E) 1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexanone

Answer 2

2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone

Question 3

How many lone pairs of electrons does the oxygen in a carbonyl group have?

A) None, they're all bonded.
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four

Answer 3

two

Question 4

What are the bond angles in a typical carbonyl group?

A) 45°
B) 90°
C) 109.5°
D) 120°
E) 135°

Question 5

How many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group in a ketone bonded to?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four

Question 6

Which one of the following compounds is an aldehyde?

A)
B)
C) CH3 - CH= CH - CH₂ - CH3
D) CH3 - CH₂ - O - CH₂ - CH3
E) CH3 - SH

Question 7

The common name for 2-butanone, a readily available solvent, is

A) methyl acetone.
B) methyl ethyl ketone or MEK.
C) β-butanone.
D) butyl ketone.
E) butyl ether.

Question 8

How many carbonyl-containing isomers does the formula C₃H6O have?

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) seven
E) eight

Question 9

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A) methyl aldehyde
B) 1-ethanaldehyde
C) 1-ethanone
D) ethanal
E) methanal

Question 10

The carbonyl group consists of

A) a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen structure.
B) a carbon-oxygen single bond.
C) a carbon-oxygen double bond.
D) a carbon-oxygen triple bond.
E) a carbon-oxygen-carbon structure.

Question 11

The oxygen atom in a carbonyl group is __________ the carbon atom.

A) more electronegative than
B) less electronegative than
C) identical in electronegativity to
D) more electropositive than
E) more soluble than

Question 12

In the IUPAC naming system, an aldehyde is named by replacing the -e of the name of the corresponding alkane with

A) yne.
B) ene.
C) al.
D) one.
E) ol.

Question 13

In all aldehydes except formaldehyde, how many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group bonded to?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 14

In the IUPAC naming system, a ketone is named by replacing the -e in the corresponding alkane name with

A) yne.
B) ene.
C) al.
D) one.
E) ol.

Question 15

What is the name of this compound?

A) 2-pentanone
B) methyl propyl ketone
C) 3-methyl-2-butanone
D) 2-methyl-3-butanone
E) 2-methyl-3-ketone butane

Question 16

The compound 2-propanone is also known as

A) acetone.
B) 2-propanone.
C) dimethyl ketone.
D) β-propanone.
E) propylone.

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers?

A) CH3CH₂CH₂OH and CH3O CH3
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Which of the following compounds contains a ketone functional group?

A)
B)
C) CH3CH₂OCH₂CH3
D)
E)

Question 19

Three functional groups found in this compound are

A) alcohol, aromatic, and ether.
B) alcohol, aldehyde, and ether.
C) alcohol, ether, and ketone.
D) aldehyde, ether, and carboxylic acid.
E) cycloalkene, alcohol, and carboxylic acid.

Question 20

Acetone can be produced by the body when a person is

A) exercising.
B) dieting with high protein diets.
C) ill with a flu.
D) recovering from surgery.
E) sleeping.

Question 21

Which of the compounds would give a positive Tollens test?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 22

The Tollens test may be used to distinguish

A) acids from amines.
B) esters from acids.
C) ketones from alcohols.
D) aldehydes from ketones.
E) alcohols from alkenes.

Question 23

Aldehydes and ketones may be reduced to

A) acids.
B) alkanes.
C) ethers.
D) alcohols.
E) esters.

Question 24

An acetal is formed from two molecules of an alcohol and a(n)

A) aldehyde.
B) ether.
C) carboxylic acid.
D) alkyl ether.
E) ester.

Question 25

The hydrogenation of 2-methylpropanal gives the product

A) 1-butanol.
B) 2-methylpropanoic acid.
C) 2-methyl-3-propanol.
D) 2-methyl-1-propanol.
E) 2-methyl-2-propanol.

Question 26

The ketone with the constitutional formula C₅H₁₀O can also be written as

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂COCH₃.
B) CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₃.
C) CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 27

How many moles of an alcohol are needed to react with 1 mole of an aldehyde to form a hemiacetal?

A) 1
B) 1.5
C) 2
D) 3
E) 3.5

Question 28

The reduction of 3-pentanone with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst will yield

A) pentane.
B) 2-pentene.
C) diethyl alcohol.
D) 3-pentanol.
E) pentanaldehyde.

Question 29

Low-molecular-weight ketones are soluble in water. What is the shortest length of the carbon chain where insolubility becomes important?

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) five
E) eight

Question 30

The flavoring agent found in vanilla is

A) an aldehyde.
B) a ketone.
C) a hydrocarbon.
D) an ester.
E) a thiol.

Question 31

The increased boiling point of ketones compared to alkanes and ethers of similar mass is due to

A) hydrogen bonding.
B) dipole-dipole interactions.
C) a bent chain structure.
D) resonance.
E) ionic interactions.

Question 32

What is the name of this compound?

A) 2-methylbutanone
B) 3-methyl-2-butanone
C) 2-methyl-3-butanone
D) 3-methylbutanone
E) pentanone

Question 33

The addition of hydrogen to an organic compound or the loss of oxygen is called

A) reduction.
B) oxidation.
C) dehydration.
D) halogenation.
E) hydration.

Question 34

Which of the following would not be water soluble?

A) acetone
B) propanal
C) 3-heptanone
D) formaldehyde
E) 2-butanone

Question 35

Benedict's test requires an aldehyde and an adjacent

A) saturated carbon.
B) ketone.
C) alcohol.
D) phenyl ring.
E) acid.

Question 36

Formalin is

A) another name for formaldehyde.
B) a plastic.
C) an aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
D) an excellent solvent.
E) a polymer.

Question 37

Aldehydes have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass because of

A) hydrogen bonding.
B) dipole-dipole interactions.
C) ionic bonding.
D) covalent bonding.
E) oxygen bonding.

Question 38

Acetone is a ketone commonly used as a

A) preservative.
B) flavoring agent.
C) fuel.
D) solvent.
E) drain cleaner.

Question 39

Which of the following ketones is the most soluble in water?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 40

How do sugars form cyclic hemiacetals?

A) Two molecules of a sugar react with one another.
B) A molecule of sugar reacts with an added alcohol.
C) A molecule of sugar reacts with itself.
D) A molecule of sugar reacts with an added aldehyde.
E) A sugar molecule decomposes.

Question 41

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon-oxygen single bond, and a second bond to hydrogen.

Question 42

The product of adding two molecules of an alcohol to an aldehyde in the presence of acid is a(n)

A) acetal.
B) ether.
C) hemiacetal.
D) hemiether.
E) hydroxyl group.

Question 43

An enantiomer is

A) a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule.
B) a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule.
C) a diastereoisomer.
D) a structural isomer.
E) a cis-trans isomer.

Question 44

The suffix -al indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Question 45

Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are

A) superimposable.
B) the same.
C) not superimposable.
D) not visible to one another.
E) identical.

Question 46

Many odors from solvents, paint removers, and perfumes are derived from aldehydes or ketones.

Question 47

Achiral compounds are those which

A) have no "handedness."
B) have different mirror images.
C) are non-superimposable.
D) have the same formula but different structures.
E) are a racemic mixture.

Question 48

Which of these compounds is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 49

What is the acetal formed when propanone reacts with two molecules of methanol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 50

Which molecule below has stereoisomers with different biological effects?

A) carvone
B) nicotine
C) LSD
D) epinephrine
E) All of the above.

Question 51

Acetone is a three-carbon aldehyde.

Question 52

In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Question 53

Acetone is sometimes produced in pathological conditions such as diabetes.

Question 54

How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) Any number from 1 to 4; chiralty does not depend on substitution.

Question 55

The carbonyl group does not have a dipole.

Question 56

The suffix -one indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Question 57

All aldehydes have a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least two hydrogens.

Question 58

Formaldehyde is used in solution as a germicide and preservative.

Question 59

Excessive exposure to formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.

Question 60

Chiral drugs consist of only one enantiomer. The benefits of using a pure enantiomer, rather than a mixture, include

A) higher potency (lower total dose of drug).
B) elimination of side effects.
C) reduced chances of drug interactions.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 61

Propanal is more soluble than pentanal.

Question 62

Benedict's test can be used to determine whether an α-hydroxyaldehyde functional group is present.

Question 63

An acetal is formed from an aldehyde or ketone and one molecule of alcohol.

Question 64

The carbonyl group gives aldehydes higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.

Question 65

Primary alcohols are oxidized to ketones.

Question 66

A hemiacetal has alkoxy and hydroxyl functional groups bonded to the same carbon.

Question 67

A chiral carbon atom can have fewer than four different groups bonded to it.

Question 68

Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Question 69

The carbonyl group gives ketones lower boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.

Question 70

Acetone would give a positive Tollens test.

Question 71

1-butanol is a chiral molecule.

Question 72

The Tollens test is used to distinguish between aldehydes and acids.

Question 73

Hexanal would be soluble in water.

Question 74

A major flavor component of vanilla is an aldehyde.

Question 75

Glucose forms a cyclic hemiacetal.

Question 76

Enantiomers may have very different tastes or smells.

Question 77

Enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Question 78

Carbonyl compounds having fewer than four carbon atoms are very water soluble.

Question 79

Enantiomers have superimposable mirror images.

Question 80

2-butanol is a chiral molecule.