Deck 4: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Question 1

In preparing to review different theories,the nurse reviews basic information to assist in understanding the material.Theories are defined as:
1) Mental formulations of objects or events
2) Aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed
3) Statements that describe concepts or connect concepts
4) Concepts or propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena

Answer 1

4
A theory is a set of concepts,definitions,relationships,and assumptions that project a systematic view of phenomena.
Mental formulations of objects or events are called concepts.
Aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed are called phenomena.
Statements that describe concepts or connect concepts are called assumptions.

Question 2

While the nurse realizes that the definition of health is unique to the client,the most universal factor is that health is:
1) Dynamic and ever-changing
2) Affected and managed by the nurse
3) Determined by internal and external forces
4) Perceived and defined by the individual

Answer 2

1
Health has different meanings for each client,the clinical setting,and the health care profession (see Chapter 6).Health is dynamic and continuously changing.Your challenge is to provide the best possible care based on the client's level of health and health care needs at the time of care delivery.
While the other options may be true,they are not universally true to all individuals because not everyone is involved in a nurse-client relationship,wellness can be affected by internal factors,external factors,or a combination of both,and not everyone is capable of perceiving and defining their own wellness.

Question 3

The nurse is working within a health care system that employs Neuman's theory.A client is having difficulty breathing and requires oxygen and medication.Within Neuman's theory,the nurse approaches the client to:
1) Achieve the 14 basic needs
2) Promote attainment of biological self-care requisites
3) Assist in physiological adaptation to internal changes
4) Strengthen the line of defenses at the secondary level of prevention

Answer 3

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Neuman's framework for practice included nursing actions as primary,secondary,or tertiary levels of prevention in caring for clients holistically.Secondary prevention strengthens internal defenses and resources by establishing priorities and treatment plans for identified symptoms.
In Henderson's theory,nurses help the client to perform 14 basic needs.
The goal of Orem's theory is to promote attainment of self-care.
Roy's theory focuses on adaptation.

Question 4

A community health nurse is working with a variety of clients and decides to use a systems theory approach to assist them to meet their health care needs.In using this approach,the nurse focuses on the:
1) Hierarchy of the client's human needs
2) Client's interaction with the environment
3) Client's attitudes toward health behaviors
4) Response of the client to the process of growth and development

Question 5

Swanson's theory of caring is best demonstrated when the nurse:
1) Demonstrates efficiency when performing ordered treatments
2) Offers to stay with the client during a painful bedside procedure
3) Administers the client's pain medication promptly when requested
4) Frequently updates a family regarding a client's status during surgery

Question 6

Which one of the four linkages of interest in the nursing paradigm refers to factors in the home or school?
1) Person
2) Health
3) Nursing care
4) Environment

Question 7

The nurse plans to apply a theory that focused on stress reduction.A theory proposed by which one of the following individuals should be selected?
1) Parse
2) Peplau
3) Neuman
4) Orlando

Question 8

While working on a postoperative unit,the nurse is applying the elements of the self-care theory.The nurse who assists the client to manage or attain self-care in wound management is using the theory developed by:
1) Imogene King
2) Dorothea Orem
3) Virginia Henderson
4) Florence Nightingale

Question 9

Which of the following responses observed in a client recently diagnosed with lung cancer is most directly addressed by the Neuman System Model?
1) The client asks for a consult with the hospital clergy.
2) The client is observed crying after his family has left for the day.
3) The client asks for pictures of his children to be brought to him in the hospital.
4) The client is heard saying,"I trust my health team,and I'll do what they suggest."

Question 10

Which of the following statements by the nurse best defines 'nursing diagnoses' for a client?
1) "It is the basis for a client's care plan."
2) "It is what we nurses use to plan your care."
3) "It is one of a set of standardized client oriented problems."
4) "It is the way nurses identify what specific needs a client has."

Question 11

The best example of an appropriate nursing assumption is:
1) Clients will make their needs and wants known to the staff
2) Clients require a quiet,darkened environment in which to sleep
3) Prompt administration of pain medication is an expectation of a postoperative client
4) A client recently diagnosed with cancer will want family present when discussing treatment options

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Which of the following nursing interventions best reflects Orem's nursing theory?
1) Arranging for a consult with a certified diabetic nurse educator
2) Demonstrating proper documentation of glucose testing results
3) Explaining the role of A1C values in the management of glucose levels
4) Preparing discharge teaching to reinforce proper finger-stick technique

Question 13

Although there are similarities in the different nursing theories,there are key elements that distinguish one from another.The emphasis of Jean Watson's conceptual model is that:
1) Self-care maintains wholeness
2) Stimuli disrupt an adaptive system
3) Subsystems exist in dynamic stability
4) Caring is central to the essence of nursing

Question 14

The nurse is working with a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.The goal is that the client will be capable of living independently.The nursing theory that best supports this client's situation is:
1) Orem's theory
2) Neuman's theory
3) Abdellah's theory
4) Henderson's theory

Question 15

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus reports poor glucose control since starting her new stressful job.The nurse uses Neuman's theory to focus on the:
1) Identification of new stressors and improve dietary choices
2) Acquisition of appropriate interpersonal communication skills
3) Learning of effective coping methods and relaxation techniques
4) Implementation of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise routines

Question 16

Martha Rogers' theory has a framework for practice that includes the:
1) Manipulation of the client's environment
2) 21 nursing problems within 4 major client needs
3) Seven categories of behavior and behavioral balance
4) Unitary human being in continuous interaction with the environment

Question 17

A similarity between the theories of Leininger and of Benner and Wrubel is:
1) Caring as a central focus
2) The client's adaptation to demands
3) An emphasis on the maximum level of wellness
4) Dynamic interpersonal communication

Question 18

The nurse realizes that which of the following stated client needs has the highest priority?
1) A client's reaction to facial scarring after an automobile accident
2) A client who is crying hysterically upon hearing of her son's death
3) A homeless client's fear that his belongings will be stolen while he is hospitalized
4) An asthmatic client's concern regarding the lack of insurance to pay for her medications

Question 19

An example of a nursing activity directed towards providing input to the nursing process is:
1) Assessing a client who has just reported being nauseated
2) Discussing various ways to increase calcium intake with a client
3) Asking the client to identify when she would like to be ambulated
4) Documenting a client's pain level 30 minutes after being medicated

Question 20

There are different types of theories that may be used by nurses seeking to study the basis of nursing practice.When the goal of a theory is to speculate on why phenomena occur,it is termed a:
1) Grand theory
2) Prescriptive theory
3) Descriptive theory
4) Middle range theory

Question 21

Which of the following statements best expresses the primary goal of nursing practice?
1) To identify client needs in order to facilitate improved health and wellness
2) To tend to the physical and psychosocial needs of both the client and his family
3) To provide effective,research-based nursing care specifically tailored to each client's needs
4) To perform the required treatments and interventions directed towards client recovery from illness