Deck 18: Seciton 3: Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

In a study of Hispanic college students, those most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who _____.

A) assimilated
B) were isolated
C) were alienated
D) resisted alienation and assimilation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Today, which of the following is generally difficult to achieve during emerging adulthood?

A) gender identity
B) sexual identity
C) vocational identity
D) religious identity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Bart is 21 years old and is not sure what kind of work he would like to do after college. Like many Americans his age, Bart has not yet developed a _____ identity.
C) educational
D) vocational

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Raul's family maintains a strong Hispanic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college he should _____.

A) assimilate with non-Hispanic students
B) hide his ethnic identity and attempt to blend in
C) remain alienated from non-Hispanic students
D) resist both assimilation and alienation

Question 5

Recently, which age group has the highest rate of unemployment?

A) adolescents
B) emerging adults
C) young adults
D) middle-aged adults

Question 6

Statistically, which statement regarding self-esteem during emerging adulthood is TRUE?

A) Due to the new challenges and stressors that they face, emerging adults' self-esteem tends to drop initially and then rise again in later adulthood.
B) Emerging adults' self-esteem often takes a dramatic dip immediately after they leave home but begins to rise again after a few years.
C) In spite of the new challenges and stressors that they face, emerging adults' self-esteem is higher than earlier and continues to rise throughout emerging adulthood.
D) Emerging adults' self-esteem will fluctuate as they work through the new challenges and stressors of adulthood.

Question 7

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) stay the same
D) do not exist

Question 8

College-student Trina is exploring her ethnic identity. As she connects to traditions from her ethnic heritage, Trina can expect _____.

A) lower self-esteem
B) less anxiety
C) more depression
D) fewer friends

Question 9

EJ attends community college, working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland's six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 10

Between the ages of 18 and 25, the average adult in the United States _____.

A) buys a first house
B) has had six jobs
C) has had two or three children
D) has a 20 percent chance of divorce

Question 11

Dimitri, age 24, is studying to take the exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 12

Personality traits present at age 18 _____.

A) never disappear by age 25
B) rarely disappear by age 25
C) usually disappear by age 25
D) always disappear by age 25

Question 13

A mother offers an unsolicited comment about her 22-year-old daughter's clothing choices. Which emerging adult would be most likely to see such a comment as hostile and intrusive?

A) a daughter who is strongly assimilated into American culture
B) a daughter who identifies strongly with her family's non-American heritage
C) a daughter who chooses family loyalty before personal autonomy
D) a daughter who expects to receive the unsolicited comment

Question 14

Erikson's fifth stage of development is _____.

A) integrity versus despair
B) initiative versus guilt
C) identity versus role confusion
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 15

Akila loves to think about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) artistic

Question 16

Young adults whose parents were immigrants must reconcile their _____ with their new social context in order to achieve ethnic identity.

A) heritage
B) gender
C) attitudes
D) expectations

Question 17

According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?

A) Kaitlyn, who lives with her parents
B) Eric, who just started college and lives in a campus dormitory
C) Leah, who just had a baby boy and is caring for him on her own
D) Derrick, who recently quit a job

Question 18

Approximately what percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American (or, in Canada, First Nations) descent?

A) 10
B) 40
C) 80
D) 50

Question 19

Talal is 23 years old and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will _____.

A) change jobs, perhaps several times
B) stay with his current company for decades
C) think about changing jobs, but never actually change jobs
D) remain in his entry-level position long-term

Question 20

Rachel's parents always vote for the same political party, but since going to college she has identified a set of issues that are very important to her at election time. Rachel has developed her own _____ identity.

A) religious
B) political
C) gender
D) vocational

Question 21

According to Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 22

Friendships reach their peak of functional significance during _____.

A) adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 23

Joel was a very aggressive 4-year-old boy. During emerging adulthood, he is LEAST likely to _____.

A) graduate from school
B) be arrested
C) experience conflict in friendships
D) have a job

Question 24

According to a longitudinal study, 4-year-old children who were identified as being extremely shy were as emerging adults slower than average to _____.

A) choose a career
B) attend college
C) purchase a home
D) form friendships

Question 25

With respect to personality, emerging adults typically become _____ self-centered and _____ caring toward others.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) less; more
D) more; less

Question 26

According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy versus isolation _____.

A) is followed by the search for identity
B) is characterized by a need for generativity
C) reflects the desire to share one's life with someone else
D) occurs only if one avoids stagnation

Question 27

Now that he is in his 20s, Juan wants to find someone to share his life with. Erikson would say that Juan is in the stage of _____.

A) trust versus mistrust
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 28

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

A) strengthen; weaken
B) weaken; strengthen
C) strengthen; strengthen
D) weaken; weaken

Question 29

Who is an emerging adult likely to hang out with on a Friday night?

A) spouse
B) parent
C) child
D) friend

Question 30

Derek, who is 25 years old, is slower than average to secure a job or find a romance. He does have many friends and is no more anxious or depressed than others in his cohort. As a child, Derek may have displayed the personality trait of _____.

A) marked aggression
B) strong arrogance
C) intense friendliness
D) extreme shyness

Question 31

For most people, social networking has _____ social isolation in emerging adulthood.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) had no impact on
D) created

Question 32

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is TRUE?

A) After the age of 12, personality is static.
B) Personality is dynamic, but only if individuals have achieved their identity.
C) Personality is not plastic.
D) Personality can change after adolescence.

Question 33

A longitudinal study found that aggressive 4-year-olds who matured into aggressive emerging adults were defined in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____.

A) as repeatedly arrested serious offenders
B) as having as many friends as their average peers
C) as desiring additional education
D) as perceiving themselves as being quite conscientious

Question 34

Personality is plastic, but a person's personality will be affected lifelong by _____.

A) economic upswings and downturns
B) career and partner choice
C) new friends' viewpoints
D) childhood experiences

Question 35

Intimacy is the desire for _____.

A) social connection
B) generativity
C) sexual intercourse
D) self-esteem

Question 36

What is the correct sequential progression of intimacy?

A) attraction to ongoing commitment to close connection
B) close connection to attraction to ongoing commitment
C) ongoing commitment to close connection to attraction
D) attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment

Question 37

Emerging adult Afton is a heavy social media user. She tends to have _____ face-to-face friends than do nonusers.

A) more
B) less
C) the same amount of
D) variable

Question 38

Tracy, age 22, is riding the city bus home after her evening college class. A mother with a young child gets on the bus and because there is no open seat is forced to stand. What is Tracy most likely to do?

A) remain seated as she is tired after her long day of college
B) offer her seat to the mother and child
C) think about how a mother should not have a child out so late
D) ask others to give up their seats for the mother and child

Question 39

Gina reacted more strongly to going to college, living on her own, and making new friends than Carly. Gina's personality seemed to change as a result of these experiences whereas Carly's personality seemed unchanged. What could explain this is Gina's, but not Carly's, inheritance of _____ genes.

A) plasticity
B) elasticity
C) impressionability
D) manipulability

Question 40

According to Erikson, who is likely to suffer from loneliness?

A) an emerging adult who just entered into a romantic relationship
B) an emerging adult who has had a best friend for 10 years
C) an emerging adult who recently got divorced
D) an emerging adult who has dated the same person for 2 years

Question 41

When heterosexual couples are romantically committed to each other they tend to have _____ cross-sex friendships.

A) more
B) extra
C) fewer
D) no

Question 42

In a class analysis, Robert Sternberg (1988) described three distinct aspects of love that give rise to seven different forms of love. The aspects include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) passion
B) challenge
C) intimacy
D) commitment

Question 43

Research has found that cohabitation prior to marriage _____.

A) decreases the likelihood of divorce
B) reduces the likelihood of divorce
C) increases the likelihood of divorce
D) has no relation to the occurrence of divorce

Question 44

Marco and Alayna have a romantic relationship, but they do not experience feelings of passion for each other and are no longer connected in an intimate way. According to Sternberg, what form of love do Marco and Alayna have?

A) young love
B) infatuation
C) empty love
D) companionship love

Question 45

Social networking may lead to _____, which happens when there are too many people available to meet and evaluate as potential life partners.

A) hookups
B) choice overload
C) romance
D) matchmaking

Question 46

Generally, when is physical touch most likely to occur between two male friends?

A) when they greet each other
B) when they say goodbye
C) when their favorite team wins a football game
D) when their favorite team loses a football game

Question 47

An intense physical, cognitive, and emotional experience characterized by excitement, ecstasy, and euphoria is associated with _____.

A) passion
B) friendship
C) introversion
D) commitment

Question 48

An arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed romantic relationship but are not formally married is referred to as _____.

A) a hookup
B) infatuation
C) romance
D) cohabitation

Question 49

Peyton and Chris are long-time friends who have just transitioned to a "friends with benefits" relationship. If their friendship truly comes first, Sternberg's triadic theory would suggest that their relationship is _____ but not _____.

A) passionate; intimate
B) intimate; passionate
C) consummate; romantic
D) romantic; intimate

Question 50

Of the college students below, who is most likely to "hook up?"

A) Alice, who is eager to graduate in one month because she never really fit into the social scene
B) Sam, who just started college and is lonely because he hasn't yet made many good friends
C) Juanita, who just started college, has made lots of new friends, and has made many connections through activities and classes
D) Jasper, who graduates in a few months and already feels sad about leaving the close circles of friends he formed in college

Question 51

Knowing someone well, and sharing secrets as well as physical attention in a reciprocal nature, is consistent with which aspect of love?

A) passion
B) liking
C) intimacy
D) commitment

Question 52

Jose has just started to date Christy. He can't stop thinking about her, and his thoughts of her fill him with excitement and happiness. Jose is most likely to be experiencing what aspect of love?

A) passion
B) friendship
C) vulnerability
D) commitment

Question 53

Dixie just started dating BJ. Dixie feels happy and excited when she thinks about BJ, and knows BJ feels the same about her. That said, she is not sure where the relationship will lead, as they both continue to live independent lives. According to Sternberg, what form of love does Dixie appear to be experiencing?

A) infatuation
B) romantic love
C) companionship love
D) consummate love

Question 54

All of the following impact commitment in a romantic relationship EXCEPT _____.

A) mutual caregiving
B) shared possessions
C) forgiveness
D) common backgrounds

Question 55

About _____ percent of U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds use social networking sites to keep in contact.

A) 23
B) 43
C) 63
D) 83

Question 56

Patricia and Raul live together as a romantic couple but they are not married. Their living arrangement is called _____.

A) a dual relationship
B) a hookup
C) romance
D) cohabitation

Question 57

Within the context of a male-male friendship, men tend to _____.

A) engage in self-disclosing conversation
B) expect practical advice
C) hug as a greeting
D) share information about relationship problems

Question 58

The Western ideal is _____ love.

A) infatuated
B) romantic
C) companionate
D) consummate

Question 59

"Hooking up" involves a sexual encounter _____.

A) in a romantic or committed relationship
B) between friends who are not dating
C) without a romantic relationship
D) that is an extramarital affair

Question 60

Dr. Anderson is studying the frequency of cross-sex friendships. Dr. Anderson has found that cross-sex friendships are _____.

A) common
B) rare
C) absent
D) atypical

Question 61

Lee is clingy and very jealous, fearing that other men are after his wife. We might suspect that his early attachment pattern was _____.

A) avoidant
B) disorganized
C) attached
D) anxious

Question 62

Which BEST describes the data on interethnic marriage in the United States?

A) The official data underestimate the rate of such marriages.
B) Nineteen percent of marriages are interethnic.
C) Ninety-three percent of interethnic dating results in marriage.
D) Just 3 percent of all marriages are interethnic.

Question 63

Hilda and Harley have been married for two years. Hilda has come home after a long day of work and found the breakfast dishes in the sink and the unfolded laundry in the laundry basket. Harley said he would wash the dishes and fold the clothes before he left for work that morning. When the upset Hilda begins to yell at Harley, he simply turns up the television volume. Hilda gets louder, but Harley walks out of the room and slams the door. Hilda and Harley have just engaged in _____.

A) relational aggression
B) intimate terrorism
C) situational couple violence
D) a demand/withdraw interaction

Question 64

Marriages evolve, sometimes getting better, sometimes getting worse. A factor that may lead to marital dissatisfaction is _____.

A) the end of addiction or illness
B) financial instability
C) strong communication skills
D) maturity among partners

Question 65

Anthropologists distinguish between _____, or marriage within the same tribe or ethnic group, and _____, marriage outside the group.

A) homogamy; heterogamy
B) heterogamy; homogamy
C) homozygous; heterozygous
D) heterozygous; homozygous

Question 66

According to the text, the relatively low rate of interethnic marriages is attributable to _____.

A) the formation of romantic relationships of similar backgrounds
B) the formation of romantic relationships of highly varied backgrounds
C) disapproval of interethnic marriage by emerging adults
D) disapproval of interethnic marriage by parents

Question 67

According to John Gottman, disgust in romantic relationships is _____ predictive of divorce, and conflict in romantic relationships is _____ predictive of divorce.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more

Question 68

Crystal is 25 years old and lives in the United States. Statically, Crystal is most likely to be _____.

A) married
B) never married
C) married and then separated
D) married and then divorce

Question 69

Which age group is most likely to be victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse?

A) adolescents
B) emerging adults
C) middle-aged adults
D) older adults

Question 70

Who is least likely to engage in domestic abuse?

A) someone living in poverty
B) someone who was harshly punished as a child
C) an older individual
D) an individual who is addicted to drugs

Question 71

A violent and demeaning form of abuse in a romantic relationship, in which the victim is frightened to fight back, seek help, or withdraw, is referred to as _____.

A) relational aggression
B) intimate terrorism
C) situational couple violence
D) a demand/withdraw interaction

Question 72

A situation in a romantic relationship wherein one partner wants to address an issue and the other refuses, resulting in opposite reactions, is referred to as _____.

A) choice overload
B) intimate terrorism
C) situational couple violence
D) demand/withdraw interaction

Question 73

What domestic abuse behavior are women consistently more likely to experience than men?

A) strangling
B) threats
C) slapping
D) insults

Question 74

Shelia is paying the monthly bills and realizes there is not enough money to cover all of them. She finds her partner and yells at him for not making enough money; he yells back that she wastes the money they have. Shelia slaps him, and he then shoves her away. Later they both apologize to each other for their behavior. This scenario illustrates _____.

A) a demand/withdraw interaction
B) intimate terrorism
C) situational couple violence
D) rational aggression

Question 75

Fighting between romantic partners that is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals is referred to as _____.

A) relational aggression
B) intimate terrorism
C) situational couple violence
D) a demand/withdraw interaction

Question 76

For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage?

A) love
B) commitment
C) passion
D) earning potential

Question 77

In 2012 in the United States, the average age at first marriage was _____ for men and _____ for women.

A) 24; 22
B) 26; 24
C) 29; 27
D) 30; 28

Question 78

What is rated as most important for successful marriage by Western emerging adults?

A) love
B) faithfulness
C) money
D) ethnic or religious similarity

Question 79

In what proportion of families around the world does arranged marriage occur?

A) one-half
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths

Question 80

Happiness among those who cohabit is associated with national _____.

A) acceptance of cohabitation
B) rates of cohabitation
C) trends of cohabitation
D) laws regarding cohabitation