Deck 48: Government, Power, and Authority

Question 1

In a society with leadership based on rational-legal authority,leaders derive their authority from

A)custom and accepted practice.
B)their exceptional personal or emotional appeal.
C)the written rules and regulations of the political system.
D)threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Gandhi,Martin Luther King Jr. ,Adolf Hitler,and Joan of Arc were all leaders who used their respective power to press for changes in accepted social behavior.Their respective power came from what kind of authority?

A)egalitarian authority
B)charismatic authority
C)traditional authority
D)rational-legal authority

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Traditional authority refers to

A)legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.
B)power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
C)power made legitimate by law.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

After a dinner-table argument with his grown children,a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S.His children have exercised what kind of power?

A)force
B)authority
C)legitimacy
D)influence

Question 5

The perception that the orders of superiors are legitimate because "this is how things have always been done" is characteristic of a political system based on

A)egalitarian authority.
B)charismatic authority.
C)traditional authority.
D)rational-legal authority.

Question 6

In pointing out that the growth of the electronic media has facilitated the development of charismatic authority,sociologist Carl Couch draws on the

A)functionalist perspective.
B)conflict perspective.
C)interactionist perspective.
D)global perspective.

Question 7

In a society with leadership based on charismatic authority,leaders derive their authority from

A)custom and accepted practice.
B)their exceptional personal or emotional appeal.
C)the written rules and regulations of the political system.
D)threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely be an example of authority?

A)terrorism
B)political dissidents who seize an embassy and assassinate a political leader
C)a newspaper editorial that convinces members of the population to vote for a particular candidate for mayor
D)a person who leads a group because of his or her charming and magnetic personality

Question 9

Who among the following created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional,rational-legal,and charismatic authority?

A)Michael Harrington
B)Émile Durkheim
C)Karl Marx
D)Max Weber

Question 10

The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as

A)force.
B)influence.
C)pressure.
D)charisma.

Question 11

What term do we use to refer to "who gets what,when,and how"?

A)political systems
B)interest groups
C)politics
D)economic systems

Question 12

Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised?

A)influence
B)authority
C)legitimacy
D)political efficacy

Question 13

Max Weber defined force as

A)the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others.
B)the exercise of power through a process of persuasion.
C)the ability to exercise one's will over others.
D)power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.

Question 14

________ authority is derived more from the beliefs of followers than from the actual qualities of leaders.

A)Traditional
B)Rational-legal
C)Charismatic
D)Democratic

Question 15

Which of the following is a social institution founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving the goals of a group?

A)political action committee
B)interest group
C)elite group
D)political system

Question 16

Which form of government is led by a single member of a royal family?

A)democracy
B)dictatorship
C)oligarchy
D)monarchy

Question 17

In the United States,there is a presidential election every four years.After the election,nearly half the population readily accepts the leadership of the person for whom they did not vote.This is an example of

A)egalitarian authority.
B)charismatic authority.
C)traditional authority.
D)rational-legal authority.

Question 18

A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets.The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of

A)charisma.
B)power.
C)politics.
D)force.

Question 19

When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents,they are applying

A)influence.
B)force.
C)authority.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 20

Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others?

A)legitimacy
B)politics
C)influence
D)power

Question 21

What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule?

A)democracy
B)dictatorship
C)oligarchy
D)representative democracy

Question 22

Compare and contrast the various types of government.

Question 23

Your textbook identifies which of the following countries as one in which the monarch still holds genuine governmental power?

A)Great Britain
B)France
C)Monaco
D)Denmark

Question 24

Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach,Alfred McClung Lee has suggested that terrorism

A)always pits the powerful against the have-nots.
B)always has a religious basis.
C)is similar to the theater,in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion.
D)always pits the powerful against the have-nots and is similar to the theater,in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion.

Question 25

In which type of government does a single person have nearly total power to make and enforce laws,and rules primarily by coercion?

A)democracy
B)dictatorship
C)oligarchy
D)representative democracy

Question 26

Most armed conflicts are between states.

Question 27

Totalitarianism is a form of

A)oligarchy.
B)dictatorship.
C)monarchy.
D)representative democracy.

Question 28

The English term democracy comes from which language?

A)Greek
B)Roman
C)Egyptian
D)French

Question 29

Which of the followings statements about Hawai'i is true?

A)Social classes tend to be dominated by White,Japanese and native Hawaiians.
B)Whites form the largest ethnic group,just over Asian Americans.
C)Indigenous people of Hawai'i are looking to gain sovereignty.
D)Compared to the mainland and much of the rest of the world,race relations in Hawai'i are particularly discordant.

Question 30

Sociologists Theodore Caplow and Louis Hicks have defined ________ as conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons.

A)terrorism
B)war
C)pluralism
D)strife

Question 31

Which recent event was reminiscent of Philip Zimbardo's mock prison experiment conducted in 1971?

A)the invasion of Kuwaiti jails
B)the Abu Ghraib prison scandal
C)the terrorist attacks of 9/11
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 32

Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber.Give examples to illustrate each type.

Question 33

According to the Global Peace Index,which nation is at the top or is otherwise considered "very peaceful"?

A)Iran
B)Denmark
C)Jamaica
D)Ecuador

Question 34

Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack?

A)Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack.
B)Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack.
C)Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 35

According the Global Peace Index,the United States falls within which category of peace?

A)very high
B)high
C)medium
D)low

Question 36

Ninety percent of the world's armed conflict during 1990s occurred within rather than between states.

Question 37

The authority of the president and Congress in the United States is based on traditional authority,according to the classification system developed by Max Weber.

Question 38

The United States utilizes which type of government?

A)democracy
B)dictatorship
C)oligarchy
D)representative democracy

Question 39

Sociologists approach war in one way-the social impact of war on individuals and the groups to which they belong.

Question 40

What term do we use to refer to the use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims?

A)politics
B)terrorism
C)hard negotiation
D)war

Question 41

Discuss the reasons Native Hawaiians are looking for independence.

Question 42

Define the concept of terrorism and discuss the role media play in its contemporary forms.

Question 43

Discuss the three ways sociologists are interested in the concept of war.