Deck 31: Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

Question 1

Prejudice is a(n)________;discrimination is a(n)________.

A)belief;action
B)action;belief
C)action;action
D)belief;belief

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A minority group is a group

A)that is set apart from others because of physical differences.
B)that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
C)whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group.
D)that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A stereotype is a(n)

A)factually induced belief about another person.
B)unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group.
C)person or group that one blames irrationally for one's own problems or difficulties.
D)belief that one race is superior and that all others are innately inferior.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An ethnic group is a group

A)that is set apart from others because of physical differences.
B)that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
C)whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group.
D)that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life.

Question 5

An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as

A)differential association.
B)exploitation.
C)a stereotype.
D)institutional discrimination.

Question 6

Which sociologist observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them?

A)William I.Thomas
B)William Graham Sumner
C)Karl Marx
D)Robert Merton

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?

A)exploitation
B)prejudice
C)discrimination
D)pluralism

Question 8

What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance?

A)ethnic group
B)racial group
C)social group
D)reference group

Question 9

In 1940,White non-Hispanics made up 87 percent of the U.S.population.What percentage do projections show them representing as of 2015?

A)18 percent
B)37 percent
C)62 percent
D)86 percent

Question 10

Ethnocentrism refers to

A)a negative attitude toward an entire category of people,such as a racial or ethnic minority.
B)the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice.
C)the process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
D)the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others.

Question 11

William I.Thomas observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person,but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them.This observation reflects which sociological perspective?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 12

In sociological terms,members of a minority group

A)experience unequal treatment.
B)are outnumbered by the dominant group.
C)speak a different language than the dominant group.
D)are members of a different religious group than the dominant group.

Question 13

African Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n)

A)ethnic group.
B)racial group.
C)reference group.
D)status group.

Question 14

German Americans,Italian Americans,and Norwegian Americans are all examples of

A)racial groups.
B)ethnic groups.
C)stereotypes.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 15

Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart

A)minority groups.
B)ethnic groups.
C)racial groups.
D)polarization groups.

Question 16

A person proclaims loudly that "all Black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare." This is an example of

A)discrimination.
B)a stereotype.
C)pluralism.
D)exploitation theory.

Question 17

Which of the following is a minority group in the United States?

A)women
B)Protestants
C)Whites
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 18

Asian Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n)

A)ethnic group.
B)racial group.
C)reference group.
D)status group.

Question 19

Minority group members have a strong sense of group solidarity.Which sociologist noted that individuals make distinctions between members of their own group,or the in-group,and everyone else,or the out-group?

A)Erving Goffman
B)William Graham Sumner
C)Manning Nash
D)Karl Marx

Question 20

Sociologists have identified five basic properties-unequal treatment,physical or cultural traits,ascribed status,solidarity,and in-group marriage-to describe

A)minority groups.
B)racial groups.
C)ethnic groups.
D)polarization.

Question 21

The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo is referred to as

A)color-blind racism.
B)prejudice.
C)discriminatory racism.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 22

Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination?

A)A country club has a rule specifying that no Italians or Jews may be members.
B)A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut to receive services in the facility.
C)To save money,a city fires all employees hired during the last three years.During the last three years,the city has had an aggressive minority-hiring program,and the majority of those fired are therefore members of various minority groups.
D)A prejudiced personnel officer secretly refuses to hire women.

Question 23

An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender,race,or ethnicity is known as

A)pluralism.
B)a glass ceiling.
C)institutional discrimination.
D)exploitation theory.

Question 24

The "one-drop rule" referred to Native Americans and stipulated that if a person had even a single drop of "Indian blood," that person was viewed as Indian.

Question 25

In the view of sociologists,the total number of people in a group determines the group's status as either a social minority or dominant group.

Question 26

Which of the following groups has the highest median income level?

A)White,non-Hispanic men
B)Asian men
C)Hispanic men
D)African American men

Question 27

Which of the following would NOT be considered discrimination?

A)Sue believes poor people are criminals.
B)Sue refuses to give Jane a ride to work because Jane is poor.
C)A bank loan officer refuses a loan to Jane because of her shabby,poor appearance.
D)Sue refuses to hire Jane because she is poor.

Question 28

In the view of sociologists,the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut.

Question 29

In 1995,the federal Glass Ceiling Commission found that glass ceilings

A)leak.
B)continue to block women and minority men from top management positions in the nation's industries.
C)continue to block White men from top management positions in the nation's industries.
D)continue to block women,minority men,and White men from top management positions in the nation's industries.

Question 30

The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons is known as

A)stereotyping.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)discrimination.
D)segregation.

Question 31

Institutional discrimination is the

A)denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society.
B)belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities.
C)stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions.
D)establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups.

Question 32

The term racial group is used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious cultural distinctions.

Question 33

Many individuals,especially young adults,struggle against social pressure to choose a single identity,and instead openly embrace multiple heritages.

Question 34

Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey.He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter,which includes a large number of family members and mountains of food consumed during a long dinner,is the best way to celebrate this holiday.Joe is illustrating

A)prejudice.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)discrimination.
D)pluralism.

Question 35

Racism is defined as

A)a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior.
B)the tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes.
C)the systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
D)the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice.

Question 36

Prejudice is to discrimination as

A)norm is to value.
B)attitude is to behavior.
C)behavior is to attitude.
D)good is to bad.

Question 37

At one time,many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet the height requirement.This was an example of

A)prejudice.
B)scapegoating.
C)institutional discrimination.
D)a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 38

Which of the following groups has the lowest income level?

A)White non-Hispanic women
B)Asian women
C)Hispanic women
D)African American women

Question 39

The social definitions of race and ethnicity affect a person's place and status in a stratification system.

Question 40

Which of the following aspects of discrimination is the focus of feminist scholar Peggy McIntosh's research?

A)glass ceilings
B)White privilege
C)Asian minorities
D)African American dominance

Question 41

Describe the differences in and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups.Give some examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 42

Briefly differentiate the views on racial discrimination from the functionalist,conflict,and interactionist perspectives.

Question 43

Discriminatory practices continue in part because various individuals and groups actually benefit from racial and ethnic discrimination in terms of money,status,and influence.

Question 44

Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination and give examples to illustrate your definitions.