Deck 5: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

Question 1

The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?

A) mesothelium
B) endothelium
C) exothelium
D) hyperthelium
E) hypothelium

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gas exchange is the only function of blood.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?

A) roads
B) government building
C) grocery stores
D) waste recycling plant
E) power plant

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol?

A) liver
B) stomach
C) kidneys
D) esophagus
E) large intestine

Question 5

When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?

A) Veins return blood to the heart against gravity.
B) Arteries contain a greater volume of blood.
C) Veins have valves.
D) Arteries are under greater pressure.
E) Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.

Question 6

What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?

A) precapillary valve
B) endothelium
C) precapillary sphincter
D) pericardium
E) shunt valve

Question 7

Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.

A) Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets.
B) Almost all capillaries are open at the same time.
C) The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
D) Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow.
E) The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.

Question 8

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?

A) heart and blood vessels
B) arteries and heart
C) veins and heart
D) arteries and veins
E) capillaries and veins

Question 9

Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) venules
D) small arteries
E) veins

Question 10

What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system?

A) collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
B) collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system
C) producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
D) producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system
E) prevention of infection

Question 11

Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

A) It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
B) It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
C) It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
D) It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
E) It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.

Question 12

At the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary.

Question 13

The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.

Question 14

Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?

A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) neural
D) digestive
E) muscular

Question 15

At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?

A) veins
B) lungs
C) lymphatic vessels
D) capillaries
E) arteries

Question 16

What is the function of valves in the veins?

A) increase the rate of blood flow
B) prevent the backward flow of blood
C) regulation of blood pressure
D) oxygenate the blood
E) remove debris from the blood

Question 17

Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure?

A) elastic tissue in the arterial wall
B) valves within artery
C) skeletal muscle within the arterial walls
D) precapillary sphincters
E) a wall composed only of endothelium

Question 18

The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.

Question 19

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles.

Question 20

The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______.

A) lymph
B) plasma
C) blood
D) tissue fluid
E) urine

Question 21

If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?

A) 140 beats per minute
B) 35 beats per minute
C) 70 beats per minute
D) 120 beats per minute
E) 80 beats per minute

Question 22

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what?

A) the closing of the AV valves
B) the closing of the semilunar valves
C) the right atrium contracting
D) the left atrium contracting
E) the relaxation of both atria

Question 23

Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___.

A) middle
B) right
C) left
D) front
E) back

Question 24

Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?

A) cerebrum
B) medulla oblongata
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) frontal lobe

Question 25

What does an ECG record?

A) brain activity
B) blood volume
C) heart sounds
D) hormonal changes
E) electrical changes

Question 26

Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate?

A) increases it
B) decreases it
C) stops it
D) does not alter it
E) makes it skip every other beat

Question 27

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

A) medulla oblongata
B) the sinoatrial node
C) the atrioventricular node
D) Purkinje fibers
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 28

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A) atria
B) auricles
C) AV valves
D) ventricles
E) septa

Question 29

During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________.

A) myocardium
B) left ventricle
C) pericardium
D) right ventricle
E) left atrium

Question 30

The cardiac muscle is supplied with nutrients from the blood within the heart itself.

Question 31

If the semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate?

A) lungs
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) left ventricle

Question 32

The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________.

A) aorta
B) superior vena cava
C) left pulmonary vein
D) inferior vena cava
E) left common carotid artery

Question 33

Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?

A) radial vein
B) radial artery
C) inferior vena cava
D) superior vena cava
E) renal capillaries

Question 34

Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart?

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular node
C) Purkinje fibers
D) sinoatrial node
E) semilunar valve

Question 35

What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the valves?

A) cingulated pectorale
B) chordae tendinae
C) corpus albicans
D) corpus callosum
E) choroid plexus

Question 36

A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) aorta

Question 37

Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?

A) peripheral
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) sympathetic
E) axial

Question 38

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?

A) atria and auricles
B) septae and chordae
C) intercalated disks
D) myocardium and pericardium
E) gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 39

Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) aorta

Question 40

What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

A) mesothelium
B) endothelium
C) pericardium
D) myocardium
E) epicardium

Question 41

Blood pressure plays a major role in returning venous blood to the heart.

Question 42

Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen?

A) femoral artery
B) pulmonary artery
C) vena cava
D) jugular
E) all of these are equal

Question 43

A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal.

Question 44

A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why?

A) The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude.
B) Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights.
C) The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart.
D) The capillaries expand at high altitudes.
E) The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.

Question 45

Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood?

A) pulmonary artery
B) pulmonary vein
C) vena cava
D) aorta
E) all of these carry deoxygenated blood

Question 46

The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the liver to the digestive tract.

Question 47

Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________.

A) normal blood pressure
B) prehypertension
C) hypotension
D) stage 1 hypertension
E) stage 2 hypertension

Question 48

Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?

A) superior vena cava
B) aorta
C) inferior vena cava
D) lung capillaries
E) renal capillaries

Question 49

Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit?

A) aorta
B) vena cava
C) femoral artery
D) carotid artery
E) pulmonary artery

Question 50

Diastolic pressure is when the heart atria are relaxing.

Question 51

Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles?

A) Capillaries are much wider than arterioles.
B) Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles.
C) There are many more capillaries than arterioles.
D) Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries.
E) Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.

Question 52

Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________.

A) decreases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) stays the same, decreases
D) stays the same, increases
E) decreases, stays the same

Question 53

What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver?

A) cephalic
B) hepatic portal
C) coronary
D) celiac
E) lymphatic

Question 54

The systemic circuit contains more blood at any one time than does the pulmonary circuit.

Question 55

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?

A) stethoscope
B) CPR
C) sphygmomanometer
D) ECG
E) AED

Question 56

The blood from the digestive tract travels through two different veins before reaching the inferior vena cava.

Question 57

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) aorta

Question 58

What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?

A) femoral
B) carotid
C) pulmonary
D) hepatic
E) aorta

Question 59

Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?

A) systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
B) diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
C) systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
D) diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
E) diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing

Question 60

Which blood vessel will supply oxygenated blood directly to the femoral artery?

A) common iliac artery
B) femoral vein
C) aorta
D) common iliac vein
E) inferior vena cava

Question 61

In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood.

A) rich, rich
B) poor, poor
C) rich, poor
D) poor, rich

Question 62

Compare the structure and function of the arteries to that of the veins.

Question 63

What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?

A) acetominophen
B) aspirin
C) ACE
D) t-PA
E) beta-blockers

Question 64

Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma.

Question 65

Trace the path of blood flow through the heart and lungs, starting with the superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 66

If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries?

A) It will have no effect.
B) Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
C) Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
D) Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary.
E) Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.

Question 67

What is a stent?

A) a cylinder of expandable metal mesh
B) time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery
C) a treatment for phlebitis
D) an instrument that regulates the heartbeat
E) a treatment to lower blood pressure

Question 68

What happens to the excess fluid that leaves the capillaries at the venous end?

A) There is no excess fluid, 100% always returns to the capillary beds.
B) The excess fluid is excreted by the kidneys.
C) The excess fluid is reabsorbed by the intestines.
D) The excess fluid will accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.
E) The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries.

Question 69

Generally, there are no symptoms of hypertension.

Question 70

If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, which of the following statements is true?

A) Red blood cells are able to leave the capillary.
B) Plasma proteins are able to leave the capillary.
C) Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.
D) This is the venous end of the capillary.
E) The net pressure is in.

Question 71

Describe the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system.

Question 72

Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack?

A) feeling of pressure in the chest
B) dizziness
C) nausea and vomiting
D) diarrhea
E) shortness of breath

Question 73

What is the bursting of a blood vessel called?

A) embolus
B) aneurysm
C) thrombus
D) myocardial infarction
E) stroke

Question 74

Tissue fluid leaving the arterial end of the capillary is balanced by tissue fluid entering the venous end of the capillary.

Question 75

Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?

A) Know your cholesterol level.
B) Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C).
C) Raise the LDL intake.
D) Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream.
E) Exercise moderately.

Question 76

All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 77

The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?

A) hypotension
B) aneurysm
C) hypertension
D) atherosclerosis
E) infarction