Deck 21: The Modern World, 1800-1945

Question 1

The term Post-Impressionism refers to:

A) a splinter group composed of just a few founding members of Impressionism.
B) a neutral term describing the varied directions of a few artists who both accepted and rejected some of the aims of Impressionism.
C) a specific style of painting involving the use of tiny dots of pure color.
D) the German art movement that admired and emulated Impressionist art.
E) the musical equivalent of Impressionist painting, a late 19^th-century movement.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which art movement was directly influenced by Sigmund Freud's theories of the unconscious?

A) Fauvism
B) Cubism
C) Dada
D) Surrealism
E) All of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is an American artist?

A) Henry Ossawa Tanner
B) Thomas Eakins
C) Mary Cassatt
D) George Caleb Bingham
E) All of these answers are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The first national art museum opened in 1793. This museum, still in operation today, is:

A) the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
B) the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
C) the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
D) the Louvre in Paris.
E) the Tate in London.

Question 5

If Fauvism's mission was to liberate color from its descriptive role, Cubism's initial aim was:

A) to reduce the role of color to a minimum.
B) to invent a new system for depicting form and space on a flat surface.
C) to find a way of representing the fact that human perception involves multiple viewpoints.
D) All of these.

Question 6

Edouard Manet "borrowed" the composition of his painting Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) from:

A) Renaissance works of art.
B) his friend, the painter Berthe Morisot.
C) Eugène Delacroix.
D) Neoclassical works.
E) a popular advertisement of the day.

Question 7

Eugène Delacroix was a leading practitioner of the:

A) Neoclassic style.
B) Romantic style.
C) Realist style.
D) styles of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism combined.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 8

In their paintings, the Impressionists often focused on:

A) scenes of leisure involving the middle class.
B) aristocratic pomp and splendor.
C) religious subject matter depicted in everyday settings.
D) symbolism and esoteric content.
E) historical narratives.

Question 9

Marcel Duchamp created a new art form in which the artist makes nothing, but merely labels an object as art. He called this art form:

A) the Machine Aesthetic.
B) ready-mades.
C) automatism.
D) pointillism.
E) instantaneous art.

Question 10

Pointillism is a technique developed by:

A) Vincent van Gogh.
B) Claude Monet.
C) Georges Seurat.
D) Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
E) Pablo Picasso.

Question 11

Which of the following artists was a Realist?

A) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
B) Eugène Delacroix
C) Gustave Courbet
D) Jacques-Louis David
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

How did Impressionism get its name?

A) It was the winning entry in a contest to name the new movement.
B) One of the artists of the group invented the name to describe her own painting process, and the rest of the group adopted it.
C) The group appropriated the name from the title of a recent scientific essay concerning optics and human perception.
D) A critic used the term to describe the movement after seeing the painting Impression: Sunrise, and it caught on.
E) The group took its name from the title of a current photography journal.

Question 13

A good example of a Surrealist poetic object is:

A) L'Enfant Carburateur by Francis Picabia.
B) Bottle Dryer by Marcel Duchamp.
C) The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali.
D) the Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer.
E) Object (Luncheon in Fur) by Meret Oppenheim.

Question 14

The manufacture of oil paint in tubes made it possible for 19^th-century European artists to make painting a portable activity. The spontaneity and directness of painting outdoors is evident in works by ________ artists.

A) Neoclassical
B) Romantic
C) Bauhaus
D) Impressionist
E) both Neoclassical and Romantic

Question 15

Romantic art stresses:

A) themes of flirtation, courtship, and marriage.
B) ancient Roman ideals of proportion and harmony.
C) drama, unbridled emotions, and complex compositions.
D) clarity, stability, and precision.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Paul Cézanne's emphasis on structure in painting was a direct influence in the development of:

A) Expressionism.
B) Dada.
C) Cubism.
D) American Romanticism.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

Henri Matisse was told by Gustave Moreau, his teacher at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, "You were born to ________."

A) be a lawyer
B) simplify painting
C) outdo me
D) sell art, not make it
E) bring joy with your paintings

Question 18

The first art movement to be born in the 19^th century was ___________, which arose as a reaction against Neoclassicism and Romanticism.

A) Realism
B) Impressionism
C) Pointillism
D) Fauvism
E) Expressionism

Question 19

Vasili Kandinsky became convinced that art should be free of representational subject matter when he:

A) mistook an upside-down painting of his for an unfamiliar work of spectacular beauty.
B) was no longer able to sell any of his traditional landscape paintings.
C) had a near-death experience in which he "saw" music and "heard" color.
D) was fasting and meditating in a monastery and had a vision of the future of painting.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 20

A major influence upon European culture of the 19^th century, one that gave rise to an expanding middle class, was:

A) the abolition of slavery.
B) the Industrial Revolution.
C) the crusades.
D) the sexual revolution.
E) the Second Iconoclastic War.

Question 21

Consider De Chirico's The Disquieting Muses, Dali's Persistence of Memory, and Oppenheim's Object (Luncheon in Fur). For each artist, identify the movement with which he or she is associated. Then discuss the differing approaches each artist took in these works to achieve the goals of that movement.

Question 22

Discuss De Stijl and the Bauhaus, and their influence on early 20^th-century modernism, citing examples and artists/architects of each style.

Question 23

Discuss at least three of the artistic styles or movements of the early 20^th century and explain how those movements and the artists associated with them reflected new attitudes, philosophies, and social and political transformations.

Question 24

Consider Kandinsky's Black Lines and Miró's Carnival of the Harlequin. Identify the movements with which each artist is associated. Discuss each artist's interest in abstraction and/or nonrepresentation within the movement with which each is identified.

Question 25

Consider Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Describe the critical and public reception each of the works received upon first exhibit. Discuss the movements associated with each artist and indicate how earlier works of art influenced these works.

Question 26

Consider Morisot's Summer's Day and Cassatt's The Boating Party. Discuss each artist's contribution to this art movement.

Question 27

_____________, who designed a famous armchair, was a student of the Bauhaus school of design in Germany.

A) Kandinsky
B) Tatlin
C) Breuer
D) De Chirico
E) Mondrian

Question 28

Discuss the significance of the Harlem Renaissance as a cultural movement that included visual arts and various other art forms. Name several important artists and works from the Harlem Renaissance and explain the long-term effects of the movement on American art, society, and politics.

Question 29

Discuss the technological improvements, cultural developments, and aesthetic innovations that led to Impressionism and explain how the movement got its name, mentioning specific artists and/or works to support your statements.

Question 30

Identify, describe, and contrast two of the Expressionist groups of the early 20^th century. Refer to specific artists and works to illustrate your points.

Question 31

Consider Duchamp's Fountain and Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. Identify the movement(s) with which these artists are associated. How does each artist differ in his relationship to issues of technology and to the traditions of art?

Question 32

Discuss the trend of 18^th-century Romanticism and give examples of the stylistic characteristics, selecting an artist and his or her artwork as an example.

Question 33

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists believed that only the most revolutionary art could bring about a new movement, which was called:

A) Dadaism.
B) Bauhaus.
C) De Stijl.
D) Constructivism.
E) Cubism